Membrane protein
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle.
Crystal structure of Potassium channel Kv1.2/2.1 Chimera. Calculated hydrocarbon boundaries of the lipid bilayer are indicated by red and blue dots.
20–30% of all genes in genomes code for membrane proteins.[1] They are targets of over 50% of all modern medicinal drugs.[2]
Function
Membrane proteins perform a variety of functions vital to the survival of organisms:[3]
- Membrane receptor proteins relay signals between the cell's internal and external environments.
- Membrane transport proteins move molecules and ions across the membrane.
- Membrane enzymes have many activities.
- Cell adhesion molecules allow cells to identify each other and interact. For example, proteins involved in immune response.
Related pages
References
- Krogh A. et al 2001. Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden markov model: application to complete genomes. Journal of Molecular Biology 305 (3): 567–580.
- Overington J.P; Al-Lazikani B & Hopkins A.L. (2006). "How many drug targets are there?". Nat Rev Drug Discov. 5 (12): 993–6. doi:10.1038/nrd2199. PMID 17139284. S2CID 11979420.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Almén M. et al 2009. Mapping the human membrane proteome: a majority of the human membrane proteins can be classified according to function and evolutionary origin. BMC Biology 7: 50.
Other websites
- General principles of membrane protein folding and stability Archived 2011-01-11 at the Wayback Machine from Stephen White laboratory
- Orientations of proteins in membranes (OPM) database 3D structures of integral and amphitropic membrane proteins
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