List of astronomers

• Marc Aaronson (USA, 1950 – 1987)
• George Ogden Abell (USA, 1927 – 1983)
• Charles Greeley Abbot (USA, 1872 – 1973)
• John Couch Adams (Britain, 1819 – 1892)
• Walter Sydney Adams (USA, 1876 – 1956)
• Paul Oswald Ahnert (Germany, 1897 – 1989)
• Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs (Germany, 1912 – 1954)
• George Biddell Airy, (England, 1801 – 1892)
• Robert Aitken, (USA, 1864 – 1951)
• Al-Batani (Iraq, 850 – 929)
• Albategnius (see Al-Batani)
• Vladimir Aleksandrovich Al'bitskij (Russia)
• George Alcock (Britain, 1913 – 2000)
• Hannes Alfvén (Sweden, 1908 – 1995)
• Al-Khwarizmi, (Kheva, Abbasid caliphate, 780 – 850)
• Lawrence Aller
• 'Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi, (Persia, 903 – 986)
• Viktor Ambartsumian, (Armenia, 1912 – 1996)
• Andronicus of Cyrrhus
• Anders Ångström (Sweden, 1814 – 1874)
• Eugene M. Antoniadi (Greece, France, 1870 – 1944)
• Petrus Apianus (Germany, 1495 – 1557)
• Francois Arago (France, 1786 – 1853)
• Sylvain Arend (Belgium, 1902 – 1992)
• Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander (Germany, 1799 – 1875)
• Aristarchus (Samos, circa 310 BC – circa 230 BC)
• Svante Arrhenius (Sweden, 1859 – 1927)
• Arzachel (Al-Zarqali) (Muslim Spain, 1028 – 1087)
• Joseph Ashbrook (USA, April 4 1918 – August 4 1980)
• Arthur Auwers (Germany, 1838 – 1915)

• Walter Baade (Germany, 1893 – 1960)
• Harold D. Babcock (USA, 1882 – 1968)
• Horace W. Babcock (USA, 1912 – 2003)
• Oskar Backlund (Sweden, 1846 – 1916)
• John Bahcall (USA, 1934 – )
• Benjamin Baillaud (France, 1848 – 1934)
• Jean Sylvain Bailly (France, 1736 – 1793)
• Francis Baily (Britain, 1774 – 1844)
• John Bainbridge (Britain, 1582 – 1643)
• Sallie L. Baliunas (USA)
• Benjamin Banneker (USA, 1731 – 1806)
• Edward Emerson Barnard (USA, 1857 – 1923)
• Johann Bayer (Germany, 1572 – 1625)
• Antonin Becvar (Slovakia, 1901 – 1965)
• Wilhelm Beer (Germany, 1797 – 1850)
• S. I. Beljavskij (see S. I. Beljawsky)
• S. I. Beljawsky (Russia, 1883 – 1953)
• Jocelyn Bell (Ireland, 1943 – )
• Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Germany, 1784 – 1846)
• Wilhelm von Biela (Austria, 1782 – 1856)
• Ludwig Biermann (Germany, 1907 – 1986)
• Guillaume Bigourdan (France, 1851 – 1932)
• Adriaan Blaauw (Netherlands, 1914 – )
• Nathaniel Bliss (Britain, 1700 – 1764)
• Johann Elert Bode (Germany, 1747 – 1826)
• Alfred Bohrmann (Germany, 1904 – 2000)
• Bart Bok (Netherlands, 1906 – 1983)
• Charles Thomas Bolton (USA, 1943 – )
• John Gatenby Bolton (England, Australia, 1922 – 1993)
• William Cranch Bond (USA, 1789 – 1859)
• Alphonse Borrelly (France, 1842 – 1926)
• Ruđer Josip Bošković (Dalmatia, 1711 – 1787)
• Alexis Bouvard (France, 1767 – 1843)
• Edward (Ted) L. G. Bowell (USA)
• Ira S. Bowen
• Louis Boyer (France)
• Ronald N. Bracewell (Australia, USA, 1921 – )
• James Bradley (England, 1693 – 1762)
• Tycho Brahe (Denmark, 1546 – 1601)
• William Robert Brooks (USA, 1844 – 1922)
• Theodor Brorsen (Denmark, 1819 – 1895)
• Dirk Brouwer
• Ernest William Brown (England, 1866 – 1938)
• Michael (Mike) E. Brown (USA)
• Ismael Bullialdus (France, 1605 – 1694)
• Margaret Burbidge (Britain, 1919 – )
• Robert Burnham, Jr. (USA, 1931 – 1993)
• S. W. Burnham (1838 – 1921)
• Schelte J. Bus (USA)

• William Wallace Campbell (USA, 1862 – 1938)
• Annie Jump Cannon (USA, 1863 – 1941)
• Luigi Carnera (Italy, 1875 – 1962)
• Richard Christopher Carrington (Britain, 1826 – 1875)
• César-François Cassini de Thury (France, 1714 – 1784)
• Dominique, comte de Cassini (France, 1748 – 1845)
• Giovanni Domenico Cassini a.k.a. Jean-Dominique Cassini (France, 1625 – 1712)
• Jacques Cassini (France, 1677 – 1756)
• Bonaventura Cavalieri (Italy, 1598 – 1647)
• Anders Celsius, (1701 – 1744)
• Vincenzo Cerulli, (Italy, 1859 – 1927)
• Jean Chacornac (France, 1823 – 1873)
• James Challis (Britain, 1803 – 1882)
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (India, USA, 1910 – 1995)
• Carl Charlier (Sweden, 1862 – 1934)
• Auguste Charlois (France, 1864 – 1910)
• L. I. Chernykh (Russia?, Ukraine)
• N. S. Chernykh (Russia, Ukraine, 1931 – )
• James Christy (USA, 1938 – )
• Edwin Foster Coddington (USA, 1870 – 1950)
• Jérôme Eugène Coggia (France, 1849 – 1919)
• Josep Comas Solá (Spain)
• Andrew Ainslie Common (Britain, 1841 – 1903)
• Nicolaus Copernicus (Royal Prussia, 1473 – 1543)
• P. Cottenot (France)
• Heather Couper (Britain)
• Philip Herbert Cowell (Britain, 1870 – 1949)
• Thomas George Cowling (England, 1906 – 1990)
• Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin (Britain, 1865 – 1939)
• Heber D. Curtis (USA, 1872 – 1942)

• Andre Louis Danjon (France, 1890 – 1967)
• Heinrich d'Arrest (Germany, 1822 – 1875)
• George Howard Darwin (Britain, 1845 – 1912)
• William Rutter Dawes (Britain, 1799 – 1868)
• Leo de Ball (Germany, Austria, 1853 – 1916)
• Henri Debehogne (Belgium)
• Annibale de Gasparis (Italy, 1819 – 1892)
• Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (France, 1749 – 1822)
• Charles-Eugène Delaunay (France, 1816 – 1872)
• Eugène Joseph Delporte (Belgium, 1882 – 1955)
• William Frederick Denning (Britain, 1848 – 1931)
• Willem de Sitter (Netherlands, 1872 – 1934)
• Henri-Alexandre Deslandres (France, 1853 – 1948)
• Gérard de Vaucouleurs (France, USA, 1918 – 1995)
• Robert Dicke (USA, 1916 – 1997)
• Thomas Digges (England, 1546 – 1595)
• Herbert Dingle (USA, 1890 – 1978)
• John Dobson (1915 – 2014)
• Franjo Dominko, (Slovenia, 1903 – 1987)
• Giovanni Battista Donati, (Italy, 1826 – 1873)
• Frank Drake (USA, 1930 – )
• Henry Draper (USA, 1837 – 1882)
• John Dreyer (Ireland, 1852 – 1926)
• Jean C. B. Dufay (France, 1896 – 1967)
• Raymond Smith Dugan (USA, 1878 – 1940)
• Frank Watson Dyson (Britain, 1868 – 1939)

• Arthur Eddington (England, 1882 – 1944)
• Olin J. Eggen
• Eise Eisinga (Netherlands, 1744 – 1828)
• Eric Elst (Belgium)
• Johann Franz Encke (Germany, 1791 – 1865)
• Eratosthenes (Alexandria, 276 BC – 194 BC)
• Emil Ernst (Ph.D. Germany)
• Ernest Esclangon, (France, 1876 – 1954)
• Larry W. Esposito (USA)
• Eudoxus (Cnidus, circa 408 BC – circa 347 BC)

• David Fabricius (Netherlands, 1564 – 1617)
• Johannes Fabricius (Netherlands, 1587 – 1615)
• Hervé Faye (1814 – 1902)
• Charles Fehrenbach (France, 1914 – )
• James Ferguson (USA, 1797 – 1867)
• Erwin Findlay-Freundlich (1885 – 1964)
• Camille Flammarion (France, 1842 – 1925)
• Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion (France, 1867 – 1962)
• John Flamsteed, (England, 1646 – 1719)
• Honoré Flaugergues (France, 1755 – 1835)
• Williamina Fleming (USA, 1857 – 1911)
• Wilhelm Julius Förster (Germany, 1832 – 1921)
• Alfred Fowler (Britain, 1868 – 1940)
• William Alfred Fowler (USA, 1911 – 1995)
• Herbert Friedman
• Edwin Brant Frost (USA, 1866 – 1935)

• Galileo Galilei (Italy, 1564 – 1642)
• Julio Garavito Armero
• Johann Gottfried Galle (Germany, 1812 – 1910)
• George Gamow (Russia, USA, 1904 – 1968)
• Carl Friedrich Gauss (Germany, 1777 – 1855)
• Tom Gehrels (Netherlands, USA)
• Andrea Ghez (USA)
• Riccardo Giacconi (Italy, 1931 – )
• Michel Giacobini (France, 1873 – 1938)
• Henry L. Giclas (USA)
• David Gill (Britain, 1843 – 1914)
• Thomas Gold (USA, 1920 – )
• Leo Goldberg
• Peter Goldreich
• Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt (Germany, 1802 – 1866)
• Paul Goldsmith (USA, 1948 – )
• François Gonnessiat (France, 1856 – 1934)
• John Goodricke (Britain, 1764 – 1786)
• Paul Götz (Ph.D. Germany)
• Benjamin A. Gould (USA)
• Andrew Graham (Ireland, 1815 – 1907)
• Jesse Greenstein (USA, 1909 – 2002)
• Alan Harvey Guth (USA, 1947 – )

• George Ellery Hale (USA, 1868 – 1938)
• Asaph Hall (USA, 1829 – 1907)
• Edmond Halley (England, 1656 – 1742)
• Peter Andreas Hansen (December 8, 1795 – March 28 1874)
• Karl Ludwig Harding (Germany, 1765 – 1834)
• Thomas Hariot (Britain, 1560 – 1621)
• Guillermo Haro (Mexico, 1913 – 1988)
• Robert G. Harrington (USA)
• Robert Sutton Harrington (USA, 1942 – 1993)
• William Hartmann (USA, 1939 – )
• Stephen Hawking (Britain, 1942 – )
• Will Hay (Britain, 1888 – 1949)
• Otto Heckmann
• Joseph Helffrich (Ph.D. Germany)
• Eleanor Helin (USA)
• Maximilian Hell (Austria-Hungary, 1720 – 1792)
• Karl Ludwig Hencke (Germany, 1793 – 1866)
• Thomas Henderson (Scotland, 1798 – 1844)
• Paul Henry (France, 1848 – 1905)
• Prosper Henry (France, 1849 – 1903)
• George Herbig (USA, 1920 – )
• Caroline Herschel (Britain, 1750 – 1848)
• John Herschel (Britain, 1792 – 1871)
• William Herschel (Britain, 1738 – 1822)
• Ejnar Hertzsprung (Denmark, 1873 – 1967)
• Johannes Hevelius (Poland, 1611 – 1687)
• Antony Hewish (Britain, 1924 – )
• George William Hill (USA, 1838 – 1914)
• John Russell Hind (Britain, 1823 – 1895)
• Hipparchus (Nicaea, circa 190 BC – 120 BC)
• Cuno Hoffmeister (Germany, 1892 – 1968)
• Dorrit Hoffleit (USA, 1907 – )
• Minoru Honda (Japan, 1917 –1990)
• Jeremiah Horrocks (Britain, c. 1619 – 1641)
• Fred Hoyle (Britain, 1915 – 2001)
• Edwin Powell Hubble (USA, 1889 – 1953)
• William Huggins (Britain, 1824 – 1910)
• Russell Alan Hulse (USA, 1950 – )
• Christiaan Huygens (Netherlands, 1629 – 1695)

• I Sin (China, 683 – 727)
• Icko Iben, Jr.
• Kaoru Ikeya (Japan)
• Robert Innes (Scotland, South Africa, 1861 – 1933)

• Cyril V. Jackson (South Africa)
• Kees de Jager (Netherlands, 1921 – 2021)
• Karl Guthe Jansky (USA, 1905 – 1950)
• Pierre Jules César Janssen (France, 1824 – 1907)
• Benjamin Jekhowsky (Russia, France, Algeria, 1881 – ?)
• David Jewitt
• Alfred H. Joy

• Franz Kaiser (Germany, 1891 – 1962)
• Jacobus Kapteyn (Netherlands, 1851 – 1922)
• L. G. Karachkina (Ukraine)
• James E. Keeler (USA, 1857 – 1900)
• Johannes Kepler (Germany, 1571 – 1630)
• Omar Khayyám (Persia, 1048 – 1131)
• Kidinnu (Babylon, circa 400 BC – 310 BC)
• Daniel Kirkwood (1814 – 1895)
• Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (Germany, 1827 – 1884)
• Viktor Knorre (Russia, 1840 – 1919)
• Takao Kobayashi (Japan)
• Lubos Kohoutek (1935 – )
• Zdenek Kopal (Czech Republic, Britain, USA, 1914 – 1993)
• August Kopff (Germany, 1882 – 1960)
• Charles Kowal (USA, 1940 – )
• Robert Kraft
• Lubor Kresak (Slovakia, 1927 – 1994)
• Gerard Kuiper (Netherlands, USA, 1905 – 1973)

• Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (France, 1713 – 1762)
• Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (Sweden)
• Joseph-Louis Lagrange (France, 1736 – 1813)
• Jérôme Lalande (France, 1732 – 1807)
• Johann Heinrich Lambert (France, Germany, 1728 – 1777)
• Samuel Pierpont Langley (USA, 1834 – 1906)
• Pierre-Simon Laplace (France, 1749 – 1827)
• William Lassell (Britain, 1799 – 1880)
• A. Laurent (France)
• Henrietta Swan Leavitt (USA, 1868 – 1921)
• Typhoon Lee (USA and Taiwan)
• Guillaume Le Gentil (France, 1725 – 1792)
• Georges Lemaître (Belgium, 1894 – 1966)
• Pierre Lemonnier (France, 1715 – 1799)
• Armin Leuschner (Germany, 1868 – 1953)
• Urbain J. J. Le Verrier (France, 1811 – 1877)
• David Levy (USA)
• Bertil Lindblad (Sweden, 1895 – 1965)
• Joseph Johann Littrow (Austria, 1781 – 1840)
• Karl L. Littrow (Austria, 1811 – 1877)
• Joseph Lockyer (Britain, 1836 – 1920)
• Maurice Loewy (Austria/France, 1833 – 1907)
• Christian Sørensen Longomontanus (Denmark, 1562 – 1647)
• Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
• Percival Lowell (USA, 1855 – 1916)
• John William Lubbock (Britain, 1803 – 1865)
• Robert Luther (Germany, 1822 – 1900)
• Jane Luu (USA)
• Willem Luyten (1899 – 1994)
• Donald Lynden-Bell
• Bernard Lyot (France, 1897 – 1952)

• Adriaan van Maanen (USA, 1884 – 1946)
• George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (Britain, c. 1697 – 1764)
• Simon Marius (Germany, 1573 – 1624)
• Brian Marsden (USA)
• Albert Marth (Germany, 1828 – 1897)
• Nevil Maskelyne (Britain, 1732 – 1811)
• Charles Mason (Britain, USA, 1730 – 1787)
• Janet Akyüz Mattei (Turkey/USA, 1943 – 2004)
• Edward Walter Maunder (Britain, 1851 – 1928)
• Pierre Louis Maupertuis (France, 1698 – 1759)
• Alain Maury (France)
• Tobias Mayer (Germany, 1723 – 1762)
• Christopher McKee (USA, 1942 – )
• Robert S. McMillan (USA)
• William H. McCrea (Britain, 1904 – 1999)
• Pierre Méchain (France, 1744 – 1804)
• Karen Jean Meech (USA)
• Aden Meinel (USA)
• Philibert Jacques Melotte (Britain, 1880 – 1961)
• Paul Merrill (USA, 1887 – 1961)
• Charles Messier (France, 1730 – 1817)
• Joel Hastings Metcalf (USA, 1866 – 1925)
• John Michell (Britain, 1724 – 1793)
• Elia Millosevich (Italy, 1848 – 1919)
• E. Arthur Milne
• Rudolph Minkowski (Germany, 1895 – 1976)
• Marcel Minnaert
• Maria Mitchell (USA, 1818 – 1889)
• August Ferdinand Möbius (Germany, 1790 – 1868)
• Samuel Molyneux (Britain)
• Geminiano Montanari (Italy, 1633 – 1687)
• Patrick Moore (Britain, 1923 – )
• William W. Morgan
• Amédée Mouchez (France, 1821 – 1892)
• Antonín Mrkos (Czech Republic, 1918 – 1996)
• Jean Mueller (USA)
• Johannes Müller (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
• Nils Mustelin

• Nabu-rimanni (Babylonia, circa 560 BC – 480 BC)
• Syuichi Nakano (Japan)
• Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin (Russia, 1886 – 1946)
• Gerry Neugebauer
• Otto Neugebauer (Germany, USA, 1899 – 1990)
• Simon Newcomb (USA, 1835 – 1909)
• Isaac Newton (Britain, 1643 – 1727)
• Seth Barnes Nicholson (USA, 1891 – 1963)
• Peter Nilson (Sweden, 1937 – 1998)

• Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers (Germany, 1758 – 1840)
• Jan Hendrik Oort (Netherlands, 1900 – 1992)
• Ernst Öpik (Estonia, Ireland, 1893 – 1985)
• Donald Edward Osterbrock, USA, 1924 –
• Liisi Oterma, Finland, 1915 – 2001)

• Bohdan Paczynski, (Poland 1940 – )
• Ľudmila Pajdušáková (Slovakia, 1916 – 1979)
• Johann Palisa, (Austria, 1848 – 1925)
• Johann Palitzsch (1723 – 1788)
• Anton Pannekoek (Netherlands, 1873 – 1960)
• George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (Britain, c. 1697 – 1764)
• Eugene N. Parker
• William Parsons, Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
• André Patry (France, – c. 1960)
• Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (USA, 1900 – 1979)
• James Peebles
• Leslie Peltier (USA, 1900 – 1980)
• Roger Penrose (Britain, 1931 – )
• Arno Penzias (Germany, 1933 – )
• Luboš Perek (Czech Republic, 1919 – 2020)
• Charles Dillon Perrine (USA, Argentina, 1867 – 1951)
• Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin (France, 1845 – 1904)
• Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (Germany, USA, 1813 – 1890)
• George Henry Peters (USA, 1863 – 1947)
• Giuseppe Piazzi (Italy, 1746 – 1826)
• Edward Charles Pickering (USA, 1846 – 1919)
• William Henry Pickering (USA, 1858 – 1938)
• Phil Plait (USA)
• John Stanley Plaskett (Canada, 1865 – 1941)
• Norman Robert Pogson, (Britain, 1829 – 1891)
• Christian Pollas, (France)
• John Pond (England, 1767 – 1836)
• Jean-Louis Pons (France, 1761 – 1831)
• Charles Pritchard (Britain, 1808 – 1893)
• Richard Proctor (England, 1837 – 1888)
• Ptolemy of Alexandria (Roman Egypt, circa 85 – 165)
• Pierre Puiseux (France, 1855 – 1928)
• Georg Purbach (Germany, 1423 – 1461)

• Adolphe Quetelet (Belgium, 1796 – 1874)

• David Rabinowitz (USA)
• Pavla Ranzinger (Slovenia)
• Grote Reber (USA, 1911 – 2002)
• Martin Rees (England, 1942 – )
• Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) (Germany, 1436 – 1476)
• Erasmus Reinhold (Prussia, Germany, 1511 – 1553)
• Karl Reinmuth (Germany, 1892 – 1979)
• Giovanni Battista Riccioli (Italy, 1598 – 1671)
• Jean Richer (France, 1630 – 1696)
• Fernand Rigaux (Belgium)
• Elizabeth Roemer (USA, 1929 – )
• Ole Christensen Rømer (Denmark, 1644 – 1710)
• Otto A. Rosenberger (Germany, 1800 – 1890)
• Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800 – 1867)
• Bruno Rossi (Italy, 1905 – 1993)
• Vera Rubin (USA, 1928 – )
• Henry Norris Russell (USA, 1877 – 1957)

• Edward Sabine (Britain, 1788 – 1883)
• Carl Sagan (USA, 1934 – 1996)
• Edwin Salpeter (Austria, Australia, USA, 1924 – )
• Allan Sandage (1926 – )
• Wallace Sargent
• Alexandre Schaumasse (France, 1882 – 1958)
• Giovanni Schiaparelli (Italy, 1835 – 1910)
• Frank Schlesinger (USA, 1871 – 1943)
• Bernhard Schmidt (Estonia, Sweden, Germany, 1879 – 1935)
• Maarten Schmidt (1929 – )
• Johann Hieronymus Schröter (Germany, 1745 – 1816)
• Lipót Schulhof (Hungary, 1847 – 1921)
• Heinrich Christian Schumacher (Germany, 1780 – 1850)
• Hans-Emil Schuster (Germany, 1934 – )
• Heinrich Schwabe (Germany, 1789 – 1875)
• Karl Schwarzschild (Germany, 1873 – 1916)
• Martin Schwarzschild (Germany, USA, 1912 – 1997)
• Arnold Schwassmann (Germany, 1870 – 1964)
• Ruby Payne Scott (Australia, 1912 – 1981)
• James Scotti (USA, 1960 – )
• Frederick Seares (USA, 1873 – 1964)
• George Mary Searle (USA, 1839 – 1918)
• Tsutomu Seki (Japan, 1930 – )
• Carl Keenan Seyfert (USA, 1911 – 1960)
• G. A. Shajn (Russia, 1892 – 1956)
• P. F. Shajn (Russia, 1894 – 1956)
• Harlow Shapley (USA, 1885 – 1972)
• Richard Sheepshanks (Britain, 1794 – 1855)
• Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (Russia, 1916 – 1985)
• Carolyn Shoemaker (USA, 1929 – )
• Eugene Shoemaker (USA, 1928 – 1997)
• Charlotte Moore Sitterly (USA, 1898 – 1990)
• Brian A. Skiff (USA)
• John Francis Skjellerup (Australia, South Africa, 1875 – 1952)
• Charles D. Slaughter (USA)
• Vesto Slipher (USA, 1875 – 1969)
• Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova (Russia, 1918 – )
• William Henry Smyth (Britain, 1788 – 1865)
• Mary Fairfax Somerville (Britain, 1780 – 1872)
• James South (Britain, 1785 – 1867)
• Harold Spencer Jones
• Lyman Spitzer (USA, 1914 – 1997)
• Gustav Spörer (Germany, 1822 – 1895)
• Anton Staus (Germany, 1872 – 1955)
• Joel Stebbins, (USA, 1878 – 1966)
• Édouard Stephan, (France, 1837 – 1923)
• David J. Stevenson, (New Zealand, 1948 – )
• Edward James Stone, (1831 – 1897)
• Bengt Strömgren, (Denmark, 1908 – 1987)
• Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
• Hermann Struve (Russia, Germany, 1854 – 1920)
• Ludwig Struve (Russia, 1858 – 1920)
• Otto Struve (Russia, USA, 1897 – 1963)
• Otto Wilhelm (von) Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
• Rashid Sunyaev
• Lewis Swift (USA, 1820 – 1913)
• Frédéric Sy (France)

• Joseph Taylor (USA, 1941 – )
• Ernst Tempel, (Germany, 1821 – 1889)
• Thabit ibn Qurra (Iraq, 826 – 901)
• Thorvald Thiele (Denmark, 1838 – 1910)
• Norman G. Thomas (USA)
• John M. Thome (1843 – 1908)
• Kip Thorne (USA, 1940 – )
• Friedrich Tietjen (Germany, 1834 – 1895)
• Beatrice Tinsley (USA, 1941 – 1981)
• Félix Tisserand (France, 1845 – 1896)
• Johann Daniel Titius (Germany, 1729 – 1796)
• Clyde Tombaugh (USA, 1906 – 1997)
• Richard Tousey
• Virginia Trimble (USA)
• Chad Trujillo (USA)
• Robert Trumpler (USA, 1886 – 1956)
• R. Brent Tully (USA)
• Herbert Hall Turner (England, 1861 – 1930)
• Horace Parnell Tuttle (USA, 1839 – 1923)
• Tycho Brahe (Denmark, 1546 – 1601)

• Ulugh Beg (Timurid Iran, 1394 – 1449)
• Albrecht Unsöld

• Yrjö Väisälä (Finland, 1891 – 1971)
• Benjamin Valz (France, 1787 – 1867)
• James Van Allen (USA, 1914 – )
• George Van Biesbroeck (Belgium, USA, 1880 – 1974)
• Hendrik van de Hulst
• Peter van de Kamp (USA, 1901 – 1995)
• Sidney van den Bergh
• Hendrik Van Gent (Netherlands, South Africa, (1900 – March 29, 1947)
• Cornelis Johannes van Houten (Netherlands, 1920 – August 24 2002)
• Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld (Netherlands)
• Zdeňka Vávrová (Czech Republic or Slovakia)
• Julie Vinter Hansen (Denmark), 1890 – 1960)
• Hermann Carl Vogel (Germany, 1841 – 1907)
• Joseph von Fraunhofer (Germany, 1787 – 1826)
• Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793 – 1864)
• Otto Wilhelm von Struve (Russia, 1819 – 1905)
• Karl von Weizsäcker (Germany, 1912 – )
• Alexander Vyssotsky
• Emma Vyssotsky (USA)

• Arno Arthur Wachmann (Germany, 1902 – 1990)
• George Wallerstein
• Qingde Wang (USA, China)
• James Craig Watson (USA, 1838 – 1880)
• Thomas William Webb (Britain, 1807 – 1885)
• Godefroy Wendelin (Belgium, 1580 – 1667)
• Richard M. West (Denmark, 1942 – )
• J. G. Westphal (Germany)
• Johann Heinrich Westphal (Germany, Italy, 1794 – 1831)
• George Wetherill
• John Wheeler (USA, 1911 – )
• Fred Whipple (USA, 1906 – )
• Albert Whitford (USA, 1905 – 2002)
• Paul Wild (Switzerland)
• Olin C. Wilson (USA, 1909 – 1994)
• Robert Wilson (USA, 1936 – )
• John Winthrop (Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1714 – 1779)
• Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (Germany, 1835 – 1897)
• Carl Wirtanen (USA, 1910 – 1990)
• Jack Wisdom (USA)
• Gustav Witt (Germany, 1866 – 1946)
• Maximilian Wolf (Germany, 1863 – 1932)
• Aleksander Wolszczan (Poland, 1946 – )
• Richard van der Riet Woolley (Britain, 1906 – 1986)
• Thomas Wright (Britain, 1711 – 1786)

• Charles Augustus Young (USA, 1834 – 1908)

• Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (USSR, 1914 – 1987)
• Zhang Daqing (China, 1969 – )
• Zhang Heng (78 – 139)
• Zhang Yuzhe (China, 1902 – 1986)
• L. V. Zhuravleva (Russia, Ukraine)
• Zu Chongzhi, (425 – 500)
• Fritz Zwicky (Switzerland, USA, 1898 – 1974)

Other scientists whose work had an impact on astronomy and astrophysics:

• Hans Bethe (physicist) (1906 – )
• Niels Bohr (physicist) (1885 – 1962)
• Freeman Dyson (physicist) (1923 – )
• Albert Einstein (physicist) (1879 – 1955)

Instrument makers, illustrators, etc.:

• John Bird
• Chesley Bonestell
• Thomas Cooke
• Alvan Clark
• John Dollond
• Henry Fitz (1808-1863)
• James Gregory
• Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800)
• George Willis Ritchey
• James Short
• William Simms
• Edward Troughton (1756-1835)