1581
1581 (MDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1581st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 581st year of the 2nd millennium, the 81st year of the 16th century, and the 2nd year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1581, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 15th century – 16th century – 17th century |
| Decades: | 1550s 1560s 1570s – 1580s – 1590s 1600s 1610s |
| Years: | 1578 1579 1580 – 1581 – 1582 1583 1584 |
| Gregorian calendar | 1581 MDLXXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2334 |
| Armenian calendar | 1030 ԹՎ ՌԼ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6331 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1502–1503 |
| Bengali calendar | 988 |
| Berber calendar | 2531 |
| English Regnal year | 23 Eliz. 1 – 24 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2125 |
| Burmese calendar | 943 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7089–7090 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚辰年 (Metal Dragon) 4277 or 4217 — to — 辛巳年 (Metal Snake) 4278 or 4218 |
| Coptic calendar | 1297–1298 |
| Discordian calendar | 2747 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1573–1574 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5341–5342 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1637–1638 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1502–1503 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4681–4682 |
| Holocene calendar | 11581 |
| Igbo calendar | 581–582 |
| Iranian calendar | 959–960 |
| Islamic calendar | 988–989 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenshō 9 (天正９年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1500–1501 |
| Julian calendar | 1581 MDLXXXI |
| Korean calendar | 3914 |
| Minguo calendar | 331 before ROC 民前331年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 113 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2123–2124 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳金龙年 (male Iron-Dragon) 1707 or 1326 or 554 — to — 阴金蛇年 (female Iron-Snake) 1708 or 1327 or 555 |
Events
- January 16 – English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
- April 4 – After going around the world Sir Francis Drake is knighted by Elizabeth I.
- July 26 – The Northern Netherlands becomes free from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration.
Births
- January 4 – James Ussher, Anglo-Irish priest and scholar
- February 17 – Fausto Poli, Italian Catholic priest
- March 16 – Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Dutch historian
- October 9 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician
- October 21 – Domenico Zampieri, Italian painter
Deaths
- April 25 – Okabe Motonobu, Japanese warrior
- May 31 – Jan Kostka, Polish noble
- June 2 – James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, regent of Scotland
- July 11 – Peder Skram, Danish senator and naval officer
- July 22 – Richard Cox, English bishop
- August 21 – Sakuma Nobumori, Japanese retainer and samurai
- September 1 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru
- September 30 – Hubert Languet, French diplomat and reformer
- October 9 – Saint Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin-America, patron saint of Colombia
- October 23 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer
- November 7 – Richard Davies, Welsh bishop and scholar
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