Stomias boa
Preserved Specimen
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Stomiiformes
Family: Stomiidae
Genus: Stomias
Species:
S. boa
Binomial name
Stomias boa
(Risso, 1810)
Synonyms[2]
  • Esox boa Risso, 1810
  • Stomias bonapartei Fowler, 1912
  • Stomias elongatus atlanticus Pappenheim, 1912
  • Stomiasunculus barbatus Kaup, 1860
S. boa ferox
S. boa boa
S. boa boa: the hexagonal areas above the photophores are visible.[3]

Stomias boa, also known as the boa dragonfish, scaly dragonfish, dragon-boa or boa scaly dragonfish, is a species of deep-sea fish in the family Stomiidae.[4][5][6][3][7]

Three subspecies were previously recognised:

These and two others have been elevated to species.[8]

  • Stomias boa boa (Risso, 1810) is now Stomias boa (Risso, 1810)
  • Stomias boa colubrinus Garman, 1899 is now Stomias colubrinus Garman, 1899
  • Stomias boa danae Ege, 1933 is now Stomias danae Ege, 1933
  • Stomias boa ferox Reinhardt, 1842 is now Stomias ferox Reinhardt, 1842
  • Stomias boa gracilis Garman, 1899 is now Stomias gracilis Garman, 1899

Description

Stomias boa has an elongated body and small head;[9] it is up to 32.2 cm (1.06 ft) in length, black underneath and iridescent silver on its flanks, with a barbel that has a pale stem, dark spot at base of bulb and three blackish filaments.[10][11] It has six rows of hexagonal areas above a lateral series of large photophores.[12] The dorsal and anal fins are opposite each other, just anterior to the caudal fin.[13]

Distribution and habitat

Stomias boa is mesopelagic and bathypelagic, living at depths of 200–2,173 m (656–7,129 ft) in seas worldwide, particularly off the Atlantic coast of North America, in the Mediterranean and in a band 20°–45° S.[14][15][16] S. boa ferox is concentrated in the North Atlantic.[17] S. boa colubrinus is most common off the Congo coast and the northwest coast of South America.[18][19]

Diet

Stomias boa eats midwater fishes and crustaceans; it rises to near the surface to feed at night.[11]

Reproduction

Stomias boa is oviparous; its larvae are 9–44 mm (0.35–1.73 in) in length.[20]

References

  1. Harold, Anthony (May 22, 2013). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Stomias boa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species via www.iucnredlist.org.
  2. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Stomias boa (Risso, 1810)". www.marinespecies.org.
  3. 1 2 Coad, Brian W.; Reist, James D. (January 1, 2018). Marine Fishes of Arctic Canada. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442647107 via Google Books.
  4. "Boa Scaly Dragonfish, Stomias boa (Risso, 1810)".
  5. Institution, Smithsonian (November 3, 1895). "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge". Smithsonian Institution via Google Books.
  6. Günther, Albert C. L. G. (November 3, 1864). "Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum: V". order of the Trustees via Google Books.
  7. Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United (August 1, 2020). Identification guide to the mesopelagic fishes of the central and south east Atlantic Ocean. Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 9789251330944 via Google Books.
  8. "Stomias boa (Risso, 1810)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  9. Heessen, Henk J. L.; Daan, Niels; Ellis, Jim R. (September 1, 2015). Fish atlas of the Celtic Sea, North Sea, and Baltic Sea: Based on international research-vessel surveys. Wageningen Academic Publishers. ISBN 9789086868780 via Google Books.
  10. "Marine Species Identification Portal : Stomias boa". species-identification.org.
  11. 1 2 "Stomias boa, Boa dragonfish". www.fishbase.se.
  12. "Stomias boa | NBN Atlas". species.nbnatlas.org.
  13. "Stomias boa". fishesofaustralia.net.au.
  14. "Zoologica". New York Zoological Society. November 3, 1928 via Google Books.
  15. Smith, Margaret M.; Heemstra, Phillip C. (December 6, 2012). Smiths' Sea Fishes. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9783642828584 via Google Books.
  16. "Stomias boa boa". www.gbif.org.
  17. "Stomias boa ferox Reinhardt, 1842". www.gbif.org.
  18. "Stomias boa colubrinus Garman, 1899 - Ocean Biodiversity Information System". obis.org.
  19. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Stomias boa colubrinus Garman, 1899". www.marinespecies.org.
  20. "Collected Reprints". The Center. November 3, 1987 via Google Books.
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