The Sanshikan (三司官 sanshikwan), or Council of Three, was a government body of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, which originally developed out of a council of regents.

It emerged in 1556, when the young Shō Gen, who was mute, ascended to the throne of Ryūkyū. The council of regents that formed in order to handle this challenge and manage the country on the king's behalf soon grew into an established and powerful government organ. Shō Gen died in 1571, but the Council remained, acting alongside the successive kings in managing the affairs of government. In fact, the Articles Subscribed to by the King's Councillors, which bound the royal government in loyalty and servitude to the Japanese daimyō of Satsuma, explicitly prohibit the king from "entrust[ing] the conduct of public affairs in the islands to any persons other than San-shi-kuan".[1]

Over time, the Sanshikan eclipsed the power and prestige of the sessei, a post which is often translated as "prime minister," and which served as chief royal advisor. Candidates to join the Council of Three had to live in Shuri, the capital, and had to pass tests of both merit and birth; they had to be of proper aristocratic heritage, and to pass tests of knowledge of literature, ethics, and other classical Chinese subjects. These exams were very much akin to those taken by scholar-bureaucrats in China, but were less strict.

The Council, and sessei, worked alongside the heads of various administrative departments who were known as the Council of Fifteen when assembled. The Fifteen advised the higher-ranking officials on policy, and made recommendations to fill vacancies in the administration.

The Sanshikan was dismantled along with the rest of the royal government when Ryūkyū was formally annexed by Meiji Japan in the 1870s. Members of Ryūkyū's aristocratic class were allowed to maintain some of their prestige and privileges, but even members of the Council were only afforded the equivalent of the sixth rank in the Japanese Imperial Court structure.

List of Sanshikan

Uncategorized

Name In office Kings
Yoasutahemaushikakokauchinoōyakumohi
世アスタヘマウシカ子カウチノ大ヤクモヒ
 ?-?Shō Shin
Yoasutahemiyaheiōyakumohimaikusakako
世アスタヘミヤ平大ヤクモヒマイクサカ子
 ?-?Shō Sei
Yoasutahekauchinoōyakumohitarukako
世アスタヘカウチノ大ヤクモヒタルカ子
 ?-?Shō Sei
Yoasutahekusukunoōyakumohimaikusa
世アスタヘクスクノ大ヤクモヒマイクサ
 ?-?Shō Sei
Sanshikan Takushi Daijin
三司官沢子大臣
 ?-?Shō Gen
Mō Bunei Takushi Ueekata Seiri
毛文英 沢岻 親方 盛里
 ? - 1526Shō Shin, Shō Sei
Ba Shiryō Kunigami Ueekata Seiin
馬思良 国頭 親方 正胤
 ?-1537Shō Shin, Shō Sei
Yō Taikaku Yamauchi Ueekata Shōshin
楊太鶴 山内 親方 昌信
Shō Sei
Ma Bodo Ōzato Ueekata Seigyō
麻勃都 大里 親方 盛行
 ?-1546Shō Sei
Go Keigen Kunigami Ueekata Sengen
呉啓元 国頭 親方 先元
 ?-1549Shō Sei
Tō Gensai Kochinda Ueekata Seigu
東元宰 東風平 親方 政供
 ?-1560Shō Sei
In Tatsuro Gusushi Ueekata Yōken
殷達魯 宜寿次 親方 庸憲
Shō Sei
Boku Gentoku Ikegusuku Ueekata Shōshi
穆源徳 池城 親方 昌氏
Shō Sei, Shō Gen
Ba Juntoku Kunigami Ueekata Seikaku
馬順徳 国頭 親方 正格
Shō Gen
Hō Tokushin Ganaha Ueekata Jogen
封徳新 我那覇 親方 助元
Shō Sei
Wa Imi Kunigami Ueekata Keimei
和為美 国頭 親方 景明
 ?-1559Shō Sei, Shō Gen
Katsu Kashō Gusukuma Ueekata Shūshin
葛可昌 城間 親方 秀信
 ?-1559Shō Sei, Shō Gen
Mō Ryūgin Aragusuku Ueekata Anki
毛龍唫 新城 親方 安基
Shō Gen
Mō Ren Ikegusuku Ueekata Antō
毛廉 池城 親方 安棟
 ?-1579Shō Gen, Shō Ei
Ō Jushō Kunigami Ueekata Seijun
翁寿祥 国頭 親方 盛順
 ?-1580Shō Gen, Shō Ei
Mō Genryū Kunigami Ueekata Seimai
毛元龍 国頭 親方 盛埋
1580-?Shō Ei
Kin Kokutei Gushichan Ueekata Nōan
金国鼎 具志頭 親方 能安
 ?-1593Shō Ei, Shō Nei
Mō Ryūbun Tomigusuku Ueekata Seishō
毛龍文 豊見城 親方 盛章
1583-1604Shō Ei, Shō Nei
Go Seisai Kunigami Ueekata Senji
呉世済 国頭 親方 先次
 ?-1599Shō Nei

Chūkaban (丑日番)

Name In office Kings
Ō Kishō Gusukuma Ueekata Seikyū
翁寄松 城間 親方 盛久
1601-1605Shō Nei
Tei Dō Jana Ueekata Rizan
鄭迵 謝名 親方 利山
1606-1611Shō Nei
Mō Hōchō Yuntanza Ueekata Seishō
毛鳳朝 読谷山 親方 盛韶
1611-1623Shō Nei, Shō Hō
Mō Kijin Nakijin Ueekata Sōnō
孟帰仁 今帰仁 親方 宗能
1622-1629Shō Hō
Ba Shōren Katsuren Ueekata Ryōkei
馬勝連 勝連 親方 良継
1629-1643Shō Hō, Shō Ken
Ba Kami Ōsato Ueekata Ryōan
馬加美 大里 親方 良安
1643-1652Shō Ken, Shō Shitsu
Shō Kokuyō Chatan Ueekata Chōchō
向国用 北谷 親方 朝暢
1652-1666Shō Shitsu
Mō Kokutō Gushichan Ueekata Antō
毛国棟 具志頭 親方 安統
1666-1675Shō Shitsu, Shō Tei
Shō Mizai Goeku Ueekata Chōsei
向美材 越来 親方 朝誠
1675-1683Shō Tei
Ō Jigi Inamine Ueekata Seihō
翁自儀 稲嶺 親方 盛方
1683-1696Shō Tei
Shō Seishun Nakada Ueekata Chōjū
向世俊 仲田 親方 朝重
1696-1702Shō Tei
Mō Kiryū Shikina Ueekata Seimei
毛起龍 識名 親方 盛命
1702-1712Shō Tei, Shō Eki
Ō Jidō Ishadō Ueekata Seifu
翁自道 伊舎堂 親方 盛富
1712-1721Shō Kei
Shō Ryūyoku Ufugusuku Ueekata Chōshō
向龍翼 大城 親方 朝章
1722-1723Shō Kei
Mō Shōshō Mabuni Ueekata Ansei
毛承詔 摩文仁 親方 安政
1723-1725Shō Kei
Mō Heijin Misato Ueekata Anman
毛秉仁 美里 親方 安満
1725-1735Shō Kei
Shō Joshū Shikina Ueekata Chōei
向汝楫 識名 親方 朝栄
1735-1745Shō Kei
Shō Tokukō Ginowan Ueekata Chōga
向得功 宜野湾 親方 朝雅
1745-1750Shō Kei
Mō Kyōken Zakimi Ueekata Seishū
毛恭倹 座喜味 親方 盛秀
1750-1752Shō Kei
Ba Genretsu Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōchō
馬元烈 与那原 親方 良暢
1752-1754Shō Boku
Ba Sentetsu Miyahira Ueekata Ryōtei
馬宣哲 宮平 親方 良廷
1755-1782Shō Boku
Shō Tenteki Ie Ueekata Chōkei
向天廸 伊江 親方 朝慶
1782-1801Shō Boku, Shō On
Shō Bunryū Kyan Ueekata Chōchō
向文龍 喜屋武 親方 朝昶
1801-1805Shō On, Shō Sei, Shō Kō
Ba Isai Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōō
馬異才 与那原 親方 良応
1805-1820Shō Kō
Ō Kōretsu Ishadō Ueekata Seigen
翁宏烈 伊舎堂 親方 盛元
1821-1828Shō Kō
Ba Tokubō Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōkō
馬徳懋 与那原 親方 良綱
1828-1848Shō Kō, Shō Iku, Shō Tai
Mō Zōkō Ikegusuku Ueekata Anyū
毛増光 池城 親方 安邑
1848-1862Shō Tai
Shō Yūkō Giwan Ueekata Chōho
向有恒 宜湾 親方 朝保
1862-1875Shō Tai
Mō Hōrai Tomikawa Ueekata Seikei
毛鳳来 富川 親方 盛奎
1875-1879Shō Tai

Shikaban (巳日番)

Name In office Kings
Shō Ritan Urasoe Ueekata Chōshi
向里端 浦添 親方 朝師
 ?-1611Shō Nei
Mō Hōgi Ikegusuku Ueekata Anrai
毛鳳儀 池城 親方 安頼
1611-1624Shō Nei, Shō Hō
Kin Ōshō Gushichan Ueekata Anshi
金応照 具志頭 親方 安之
1624-1627Shō Hō
Mō Taiun Tomigusuku Ueekata Seiryō
毛泰運 豊見城 親方 盛良
1627-1642Shō Hō, Shō Ken
Shō Kokuki Kunigami Ueekata Chōki
向国噐 国頭 親方 朝季
1643-1654Shō Ken, Shō Shitsu
Ba Hōki Kanegusuku Ueekata Ryōsei
馬逢熙 兼城 親方 良正
1654-1665Shō Shitsu
Mō Taiei Inoha Ueekata Seiki
毛泰永 伊野波 親方 盛紀
1665-1688Shō Shitsu, Shō Tei
Mō Kokuzui Sadoyama Ueekata Anji
毛国瑞 佐渡山 親方 安治
1688-1693Shō Tei
Ba Teishun Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōgi
馬廷駿 与那原 親方 良義
1693-1694Shō Tei
Mō Kokusei Inoha Ueekata Seihei
毛克盛 伊野波 親方 盛平
1694-1699Shō Tei
Ba Teiki Kōchi Ueekata Ryōshō
馬廷噐 幸地 親方 良象
1700-1710Shō Tei, Shō Eki
Shō Genryō Tajima Ueekata Chōyū
向元良 田島 親方 朝由
1710-1716Shō Eki, Shō Kei
Mō Ōhō Katsuren Ueekata Seiyū
毛応鳳 勝連 親方 盛祐
1716-1719Shō Kei
Shō Wasei Ie Ueekata Chōjo
向和声 伊江 親方 朝叙
1720-1745Shō Kei
Shō Kentoku Fukuyama Ueekata Chōken
向倹徳 譜久山 親方 朝見
1745-1755Shō Kei, Shō Boku
Mō Bunwa Urasoe Ueekata Anzō
毛文和 浦添 親方 安蔵
1755-1759Shō Boku
Mō Genyoku Ikegusuku Ueekata Anmei
毛元翼 池城 親方 安命
1760-1769Shō Boku
Ba Kokuki Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōku
馬国噐 与那原 親方 良矩
1769-1796Shō Boku, Shō On
Ba Kokugi Kōchi Ueekata Ryōtoku
馬克義 幸地 親方 良篤
1796-1798Shō On
Mō Kokutō Takehara Ueekata Anshitsu
毛国棟 嵩原 親方 安執
1798-1811Shō On, Shō Sei, Shō Kō
Ba Ōshō Oroku Ueekata Ryōwa
馬応昌 小禄 親方 良和
1811-1818Shō Kō
Ō Teitō Tamagusuku Ueekata Seirin
翁廷棟 玉城 親方 盛林
1818-1823Shō Kō
Mō Teijō Ikegusuku Ueekata Ankon
毛廷勷 池城 親方 安昆
1823-1829Shō Kō
Shō Teikai Ginowan Ueekata Chōkon
向廷楷 宜野湾 親方 朝昆
1829-1835Shō Kō
Mō Ishin Kochinda Ueekata Ando
毛惟新 東風平 親方 安度
1836-1839Shō Iku
Ba Inchū Oroku Ueekata Ryōkyō
馬允中 小禄 親方 良恭
1839-1847Shō Iku
Mō Kōtoku Zakimi Ueekata Seifu
毛恒徳 座喜味 親方 盛普
1847-1858Shō Tai
Shō Jorei Fukuyama Ueekata Chōten
向汝礪 譜久山 親方 朝典
1858-1871Shō Tai
Shō Rinshi Kawahira Ueekata Chōhan
向麟趾 川平 親方 朝範
1871-1873Shō Tai
Mō Yūhi Ikegusuku Ueekata Anki
毛有斐 池城 親方 安規
1873-1877Shō Tai
Ba Kensai Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōketsu
馬兼才 与那原 親方 良傑
1877-1879Shō Tai

Yūkaban (酉日番)

Name In office Kings
Mō Ryūgin Aragusuku Ueekata Anki
毛龍唫 新城 親方 安基
 ?-?Shō Gen
Ba Ryōsen Urasoe Ueekata Ryōken
馬良詮 浦添 親方 良憲
 ?-1566Shō Gen
Ba Seiei Nago Ueekata Ryōin
馬世栄 名護 親方 良員
1566-1592Shō Gen, Shō Ei, Shō Nei
Ba Ryōhitsu Nago Ueekata Ryōhō
馬良弼 名護 親方 良豊
1592-1614Shō Nei
Mō Keiso Tomigusuku Ueekata Seizoku
毛継祖 豊見城 親方 盛続
1614-1622Shō Nei, Shō Hō
Shō Kakurei Kunigami Ueekata Chōchi
向鶴齢 国頭 親方 朝致
1622-1635Shō Hō
Shō Kakusen Urasoe Ueekata Chōri
向鶴躚 浦添 親方 朝利
1636-1638Shō Hō
Shō Hōgen Ginowan Ueekata Seisei
章邦彦 宜野湾 親方 正成
1641-1652Shō Ken
Shō Seibun Mabuni Ueekata Chōi
向成文 摩文仁 親方 朝維
1654-1670Shō Ken, Shō Shitsu, Shō Tei
Mō Kokuchin Ikegusuku Ueekata Anken
毛国珍 池城 親方 安憲
1670-1690Shō Tei
Mō Kenryū Takehara Ueekata An'i
毛見龍 嵩原 親方 安依
1690-1697Shō Tei
Mō Tensō Ikegusuku Ueekata An'i
毛天相 池城 親方 安倚
1699-1710Shō Tei, Shō Eki
Ba Kenzu Nago Ueekata Ryōi
馬獻図 名護 親方 良意
1710-1728Shō Eki, Shō Kei
Sai On Gushichan Ueekata Bunjaku
蔡温 具志頭 親方 文若
1728-1752Shō Kei
Shō Ketsu Kochinda Ueekata Chōei
向傑 東風平 親方 朝衛
1752-1765Shō Boku
Shō Hōten Wakugawa Ueekata Chōkyō
向邦鼎 湧川 親方 朝喬
1765-1778Shō Boku
Shō Kōki Fukuyama Ueekata Chōki
向宏基 譜久山 親方 朝紀
1778-1798Shō Boku, Shō On
Ba Bunzui Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōtō
馬文瑞 与那原 親方 良頭
1798-1803Shō On, Shō Sei
Mō Kōkoku Sadoyama Ueekata Anshun
毛光国 佐渡山 親方 安春
1803-1815Shō Kō
Shō Shōkun Ie Ueekata Chōan
向承訓 伊江 親方 朝安
1815-1826Shō Kō
Mō Shikkō Zakimi Ueekata Seichin
毛執功 座喜味 親方 盛珍
1826-1836Shō Kō
Shō Kan Kanegusuku Ueekata Chōten
向寛 兼城 親方 朝典
1836-1839Shō Iku
Shō Ryōhitsu Kuniyoshi Ueekata Chōshō
向良弼 国吉 親方 朝章
1840-1851Shō Iku, Shō Tai
Shō Kōkun Sakuma Ueekata Seimō
章鴻勲 佐久真 親方 正孟
1852-1854Shō Tai
Shō Tōseki Kōchi Ueekata Chōken
向統績 幸地 親方 朝憲
1854-1857Shō Tai
Ba Kokushō Oroku Ueekata Ryōchū
馬克承 小禄 親方 良忠
1857-1859Shō Tai
Ba Chōtō Yonabaru Ueekata Ryōkyō
馬朝棟 与那原 親方 良恭
1859-1871Shō Tai
Mō Inryō Kamegawa Ueekata Seibu
毛允良 亀川 親方 盛武
1871-1872Shō Tai
Shō Kyoken Urasoe Ueekata Chōshō
向居謙 浦添 親方 朝昭
1872-1879Shō Tai

Notes

  1. Kerr p163.

References

  • Kerr, George H. (2000). Okinawa: the History of an Island People. (revised ed.) Boston: Tuttle Publishing.
  • Smits, Gregory (1999). "Visions of Ryukyu: Identity and Ideology in Early-Modern Thought and Politics." Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
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