Roman-Sardinian Wars
Date238 - 230 BC[1][2]
226 - 225 BC[3][4]
217 - 216 BC[5][6]
181 BC[7]
178 - 172 BC[8]
126 - 122 BC[9][10]
115 - 111 BC[11]
106 BC[12]
6 - 19 AD[13]
Location
Result

Roman victory

  • Roman conquest of coastal Sardinia
  • Roman failure to pacify the people of the interior (Barbaria)
Territorial
changes
Conquest and occupation of coastal Sardinia, while the interior resists conquest
Belligerents
Roman Republic, succeeded by Roman Empire
Other belligerents:

Allies:
Carthage

The Roman-Sardinian Wars (Latin: Bellum Sardum[14]) were a series of conflicts which took place in Sardinia in a span of time between the 3rd century BC and the 1st century AD. These wars involved the Romans against the major indigenous tribes which inhabited Sardinia: the Ilienses (later Ioles or Diagesbes), the Balares and the Corsi of Sardinia (located in today's Gallura).[15] The struggle against Sardinians in order to maintain control of the coastal cities occupied a significant part of the efforts of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

The province, especially the mountainous interior of Sardinia (also known as Barbaria, "land of the Barbarians") was never completely pacified by the Romans. In contrast, the coasts of Sardinia, known as Romania ("land of the Romans") were significantly influenced by the Romans during their centuries of dominion. The Roman presence was eroded by the arrival of the Vandals; however, these new invaders were likewise unable to take control of the interior and consequently settled in the coastal cities for at least 80 years.[16] The Byzantines then arrived in Sardinia, struggling with the peoples of Barbaria for a period, before finally signing a peace treaty with Hospiton, chief of the Ilienses.[17]

References

Citations

  1. Polyb. I 83
  2. Mastino, Attilio. Storia della Sardegna antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005, pg. 138
  3. Zonar. VIII 19 extr., p. 403
  4. Mastino, Attilio. Storia della Sardegna antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005, pg. 155
  5. Polyb. III 75, 4; see Bell. Ann. 8. Livio (XXI 49, 2)
  6. Mastino, Attilio. Storia della Sardegna antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005, pg. 156
  7. Liv. XL 19 ad a. 181: Pestilentiae tanta vis erat, ut, cum propter defectionem Corsorum bellumque ab Iliensibus concitatum in Sardinia octo milia peditum ex sociis Latini nominis placuisset scribi et trecentos equites, quos M. Pinarius praetor secum in Sardiniam traiceret, tantum hominum demortuum esse, tantum ubique aegrorum consules renuntiaverint, ut is numerus effici militum non potuerit. quod deerat militum, sumere a Cn. Baebio proconsule, qui Pisis hibernabat, iussus praetor atque inde in Sardiniam traicere.
  8. Liv. XLI 9 ad a. 177 a.C.: Provinciae deinde quae in bello erant Sardinia atque Histria [consulibus] decretae. in Sardiniam duae legiones scribi iussae, quina milia in singulas et duceni pedites treceni equites et duodecim milia peditum sociorum ac Latini nominis et sescenti equites et decem quinqueremes naves si deducere ex navalibus vellet. tamtumque peditum equitumque in Histriam quantum in Sardiniam decretum… ib. 98: Claudio Histria, Sempronio Sardinia obvenit.
  9. Periocha Livi LX ad a. 126: L. Aurelius consul rebellantes Sardos subegit. Vedi Fasti Triumph. ad a. 122 a.C.: L. Aurelius L. f. L. n. Orestes pro cos ex Sardinia VI idus Dec.
  10. Caec. Metell. apud Val. Max. IX 7, 2: tres tantum modo filios Ti. Gracchi fuisse, e quibus unum in Sardinia stipendia merentem
  11. CIL X 7852
  12. Pais, Storia, vol. I, p. 224. Although see vol. I, p. 298 and vol. II, p. 34 (104 a.C.). see also Porcu, I magistrati cit., p. 25.
  13. Mastino, Attilio. Storia della Sardegna antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005, pg. 26, 232
  14. Mastino, Attilio. Storia della Sardegna antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005, pg. 68
  15. Plin. N. h. III 7, 85
  16. Francesco Cesare Casula, p. 127
  17. Cod. Iust. de off. praef. Africae I 27, 2, 3: In Sardinia autem iubemus ducem ordinari et eum iuxta montes, ubi Barbaricini videntur sedere, habentem milites pro custodia locorum quantos et ubi tua magnitudo providerit.

See also

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