PTGDS
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPTGDS, L-PGDS, LPGDS, PDS, PGD2, PGDS, PGDS2, prostaglandin D2 synthase
External IDsOMIM: 176803 MGI: 99261 HomoloGene: 737 GeneCards: PTGDS
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5730

19215

Ensembl

ENSG00000107317

ENSMUSG00000015090

UniProt

P41222
Q5SQ11

O09114

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000954

NM_008963

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000945

NP_032989

Location (UCSC)Chr 9: 136.98 – 136.98 MbChr 2: 25.36 – 25.36 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase (PTGDS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGDS gene.[5][6]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in the central nervous system. PGD2 is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice over-expressing this gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep.[6] Furthermore, PTGDS and its product PGD2 are elevated in the bald-scalp areas of men with male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia).[7]

Clinical use

Prostaglandin D2 synthase is used clinically as a diagnostic marker for liquorrhea, that is, to check whether fluid leaking from the nose or ear contains cerebrospinal fluid.[8] This is important in the assessment of head trauma severity. In a medical context, the older term "beta-trace protein" is frequently used to refer to PTGDS.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107317 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000015090 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Nagata A, Suzuki Y, Igarashi M, Eguchi N, Toh H, Urade Y, Hayaishi O (May 1991). "Human brain prostaglandin D synthase has been evolutionarily differentiated from lipophilic-ligand carrier proteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (9): 4020–4. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.4020N. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.9.4020. PMC 51585. PMID 1902577.
  6. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: PTGDS prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)".
  7. Garza LA, Liu Y, Yang Z, Alagesan B, Lawson JA, Norberg SM, Loy DE, Zhao T, Blatt HB, Stanton DC, Carrasco L, Ahluwalia G, Fischer SM, FitzGerald GA, Cotsarelis G (Mar 2012). "Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia". Science Translational Medicine. 4 (126): 126ra34. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003122. PMC 3319975. PMID 22440736.
  8. Bachmann G, Petereit H, Djenabi U, Michel O (Mar 2002). "Predictive values of beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D synthase) by use of laser-nephelometry assay for the identification of cerebrospinal fluid". Neurosurgery. 50 (3): 571–6, discussion 576–7. doi:10.1227/00006123-200203000-00027. PMID 11841726.

Further reading

  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P41222 (Human Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase) at the PDBe-KB.
  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: O09114 (Mouse Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase) at the PDBe-KB.


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