Portal:Finland

The Finland Portal

Location of Finland

Finland (Finnish: Suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] ^ⓘ; Swedish: Finland [ˈfɪ̌nland] ^ⓘ), officially the Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta; Swedish: Republiken Finland; listen to all), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers an area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi) and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, with Swedish being the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.

Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by different styles of ceramics. The Bronze Age and Iron Ages were marked by contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. From the late 13th century, Finland became part of the Swedish Empire as a result of the Northern Crusades. In 1809, as a result of the Finnish War, Finland was captured from Sweden and became a Grand Duchy of Finland, an autonomous state ruled by the Russian Empire. During this period, Finnish art flourished and the idea of full independence began to take hold. In 1906, Finland became the first European state to grant universal suffrage, and the first in the world to give all adult citizens the right to run for public office. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Finland declared its full independence. In 1918 the young nation was divided by the Finnish Civil War. During World War II, Finland fought against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War, and later against Nazi Germany in the Lapland War. As a result, it lost parts of its territory but retained its independence. (Full article...)

Selected article -

Teuvo ("Ted") Tapio Ahti (born 1934) is a Finnish botanist and lichenologist. He has had a long career at the University of Helsinki that started in 1963, and then following his retirement in 1997, at the Botanical Museum of the Finnish Museum of Natural History. Known as a specialist of the lichen family Cladoniaceae, Ahti has published more than 280 scientific publications. A Festschrift was dedicated to him in 1994, and in 2000 he was awarded the prestigious Acharius Medal for lifetime contributions to lichenology. (Full article...)

List of selected articles

Selected image -

Photo credit: commons:User:Tanger
A lakeside smoke sauna ("savusauna") in Kannonkoski.

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that Sinikka Luja-Penttilä published a novel in the same year that she retired from the Finnish parliament?
... that Finnish politician Maija Perho encouraged future president Sauli Niinistö to join the National Coalition Party in the 1960s?
... that Domus Litonii is the only remaining 19th-century residential building in the entire centre of Helsinki?
... that the University of Oulu renamed an institute after Finnish politician Kerttu Saalasti in 2017, six decades after she introduced the bill that established the university?
... that the 1992 documentary film Daddy and the Muscle Academy, which focuses on the life of gay erotic artist Tom of Finland, has been broadcast on Finnish television multiple times?
... that Meeri Kalavainen, Finland's first minister of culture, helped end a schism in the women's branch of the Social Democratic Party?

WikiProjects

You are invited to participate in Finland WikiProject, a WikiProject dedicated to developing and improving articles about Finland.

More did you know -

...that when completed in 1967, MS Finlandia was the largest ferry in the world?
...that the Pysähdy ajoissa - Stanna i tid ("Stop in time") traffic campaign was the result of the public response to a road death of a nine-year-old girl in Finland?
...that the Finnish Association of Graduate Engineers has been in charge of publishing Finland's ethical guidelines on engineering for over 40 years?
...that Penedo, a small town in Brazil was colonized by immigrants from Finland?
...that the Wärtsilä Turku shipyard in Finland built five state-of-the-art cruiseferries for the Black Sea Shipping Company, Soviet Union, in 1975-1976?

Good article -

This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

Logo since April 2023

Remedy Entertainment Oyj, trading internationally as Remedy Entertainment Plc, is a Finnish video game developer based in Espoo. Notable games the studio has developed include the first two entries in the Max Payne franchise, Alan Wake, Quantum Break and Control. Sam Lake, Remedy's creative director, has represented the company on numerous occasions.

Founded in August 1995 by members of demoscene group Future Crew, Remedy Entertainment created their first game, Death Rally, in a team member's basement. Apogee Software served as the game's publisher, and continued to be involved in the production of their next title, Max Payne, which received critical acclaim upon release. The game was followed by a sequel, Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne, released by Rockstar Games. After spending seven years working on the Max Payne franchise, the developer decided to create a new intellectual property called Alan Wake. This title was once suspected to be vaporware because of the length of time it took to produce and release. It gained a cult following when it was released in 2010, by Microsoft Game Studios, though at the time its sales were not enough to justify the production of a sequel. Remedy decided to pursue a new project named Quantum Break, which further expanded the live-action component of Alan Wake. The team had transitioned to become a multi-project studio since 2016, and had three projects in development, including Control and the single-player portions of CrossfireX. Remedy’s latest title, Alan Wake II, was released on 27 October 2023. They are currently developing Control 2 and a remake of their original Max Payne titles. (Full article...)

List of Good articles

General images

The following are images from various Finland-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1People gathered in the Senate Square for a demonstration against the February Manifesto in March 1899. (from History of Finland)
Image 2Stone Age dwelling named Kierikki 5000–3000 BC (from History of Finland)
Image 3Karjalanpiirakka, a traditional Finnish pastry (from Culture of Finland)
Image 4This 1825 map of the Grand Duchy of Finland is from a larger work, geographical atlas of the Russian Empire. (from History of Finland)
Image 5The first government of independent Finland. P. E. Svinhufvud, the first Prime Minister of Finland, sitting at the head of the table. (from History of Finland)
Image 6In 2011 figure skater Kiira Korpi was ranked 4th in the world. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 7Three Finnish Romani women in Helsinki, Finland, in 1930s (from Culture of Finland)
Image 8Turku Cathedral and its surroundings from 1814 (from History of Finland)
Image 9Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim visit in Germany, 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 10Kreeta Haapasalo Playing the Kantele in a Peasant Cottage (1868), by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (from History of Finland)
Image 11Grand Duchy of Finland, 75 kopek assignat (1824) (from History of Finland)
Image 12Pieces of the Antrea Net (8,300 BC), the oldest-known fishing net in the world. (from History of Finland)
Image 13Finnish folk dancers in a 1907 postcard sent from Mustamäki, Finland (from Culture of Finland)
Image 14A peasant girl and a woman in traditional dress from Ruokolahti, eastern Finland, as depicted by Severin Falkman in 1882 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 15Jussipaita (transl. Jussi sweater); a traditional sweater from the Finnish region of Southern Ostrobothnia (from Culture of Finland)
Image 16Midsummer bonfire (kokko) in Mäntsälä (from Culture of Finland)
Image 17The ruins of Vammala burned by the Reds, during the Civil war (from History of Finland)
Image 18Signing the Helsinki Accords are the West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, East Germany's leader Erich Honecker, US president Gerald Ford and the Austrian chancellor Bruno Kreisky (from History of Finland)
Image 19Finland Ostrobothnia regiment uniforms in 1705 (from History of Finland)
Image 20Paavo Nurmi at the 1920 Summer Olympics (from Culture of Finland)
Image 21A reconstruction of a 12th-century Perniö costume (from History of Finland)
Image 22Battle of Valkeala was part of the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790). (from History of Finland)
Image 23The area controlled by Finland at its largest, in 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 24Jean Sibelius at work in his study (from History of Finland)
Image 25Pekka Halonen's painting "against persecutors" from 1896 depicts the warfare of the ancient Finns. (from History of Finland)
Image 26Alvar Aalto, Viipuri Library (1927–35) (from Culture of Finland)
Image 27Memorial of the Mannerheim Cross Knights of Parikkala, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 28The Finno-Soviet Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 29Uspenski Cathedral in Helsinki (from Culture of Finland)
Image 30(1809 Diet of Porvoo) The sovereign's pledge, printed in Finnish (from History of Finland)
Image 31In the middle is the patron saint of Finland, Saint Henry, on the right side of him is Bishop Konrad Bitz and on the left is Dean Magnus Stjernkors; from Missale Aboense (1488) (from History of Finland)
Image 32Kalmar Union in 1400s (from History of Finland)
Image 33Map of Finnish areas ceded to the Soviet Union in 1944, after the Continuation War (from History of Finland)
Image 34Battle of Gangut (Hanko) was part of the Great Northern War during 1700–1721. (from History of Finland)
Image 35A group of Finnish soldiers operating a Bofors gun during the Continuation War in 1943 (from History of Finland)
Image 36Apocalyptica's Perttu Kivilaakso playing metal music live (from Culture of Finland)
Image 37A smoke sauna (savusauna) in Enonkoski (from Culture of Finland)
Image 38Homann's map of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Fennoscandia with their surrounding territories: northern Germany, northern Poland, the Baltic region, Livonia, Belarus, and parts of Northwest Russia. Johann Baptist Homann (1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730. (from History of Finland)
Image 39The part of Finland controlled by the Reds at its largest in February–March 1918 (from History of Finland)
Image 40Winter War Monument in Suomussalmi, Kainuu, Finland (from History of Finland)
Image 41An old drawing of the city of Turku in the 18th century (from History of Finland)
Image 42Linus Torvalds, a famous Fennoswede software engineer, best known for initiating the development of the Linux kernel (from Culture of Finland)
Image 43Helsinki Accords Treaty (from History of Finland)
Image 44Kastelli Giant's Church in Pattijoki by Pöljä culture (from History of Finland)
Image 45Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion, 1850s (from History of Finland)
Image 46Women dressed in Finnish folk costumes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 47Ancylus Lake covered major part of Finland (7,500–6,000 BC) (from History of Finland)
Image 48Badge of the Finnish White/Civil Guard (from History of Finland)
Image 49A summer cottage (mökki) on a lake island (from Culture of Finland)
Image 50Identification document and tag of a Finnish war child (from History of Finland)
Image 51President K. J. Ståhlberg in his office in 1919 (from History of Finland)
Image 52Women in sauna with Vihtas
Image 53Northern Europe in 814 (from History of Finland)
Image 54Students on Helsinki's Esplanadi wearing their caps on Vappu (from Culture of Finland)
Image 55In the sauna, by Pekka Halonen, 1925 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 56Mikael Agricola hands over the Finnish Translation of the New Testament to King Gustav Wasa. (from History of Finland)
Image 572007 Formula One World Champion Kimi Räikkönen celebrating victory at the 2007 Brazilian Grand Prix (from Culture of Finland)
Image 58Erkki Karu, one of the pioneers of the Finnish cinema, with cinematographer Eino Kari in 1927 (from Culture of Finland)
Image 59Eero Järnefelt, Burning the Brushwood, 1893 (from History of Finland)
Image 60Stone Age stone axe engraved with human face found from Kiuruvesi. (from History of Finland)
Image 61Captain Aarne Juutilainen at the front at Kollaa during the Winter War (from History of Finland)
Image 62Janne Ahonen is considered one of the best and most successful currently active ski jumpers. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 63S/S Urania in Hanko harbor in 1893, with 509 emigrants on board on their way to America (from History of Finland)
Image 64Painting of Lalli killing Henry. Painting by C. A. Ekman. (from History of Finland)
Image 65Prehistoric red ochre painted rock art of moose, human figures, and boats in Astuvansalmi, Finland, from ca. 3800–2200 BC (from Culture of Finland)
Image 66Imagery collage of Birger Jarl conquering Häme and the construction of Häme Castle (from History of Finland)
Image 67The decision of the Soviet of the People's Comissars' to recognise Finnish independence, signed by Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Petrovsky, Joseph Stalin, Isaac Steinberg, Vladimir Karelin, and Alexander Schlichter (from History of Finland)
Image 68A view of Pohjoisesplanadi in the center of Helsinki in 1891 (from History of Finland)
Image 69A triptych by Akseli Gallen-Kallela, depicting the Aino Story of Kalevala on three panes (from Culture of Finland)
Image 70Sámi / Laplander family in traditional costumes from Finland. (from Culture of Finland)
Image 71Wehrmacht soldiers with a local Sámi reindeer herder, Lappland, Sodankylä, Finland 1942 (from History of Finland)
Image 72The Swedish empire at its largest. Most of present-day Finland was part of Sweden proper, rike, shown in dark green. (from History of Finland)
Image 73President Urho Kekkonen's funeral procession in 1986 (from History of Finland)
Image 74The area of Finland in the years 1920–1940. The 1935 county and municipality division on the map. (from History of Finland)
Image 75The Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), a significant figure in the history of classical music (from Culture of Finland)

In the news

14 December 2023 – Finland–United States relations: Finland announces the creation of a defense cooperation agreement with the United States. The agreement will grant Finland access to American military resources for use in defensive operations, while the US will gain military access to Finland in the event of conflict. (Reuters)
29 November 2023 – Finland–Poland relations, Finland–Russia relations: National Security Bureau chief Jacek Siewiera announces that Poland will send "a team of military advisors" to the Finland–Russia border in response to an official request for allied support. Finland says it was unaware of the Polish offer. Russia warns against the move, viewing the concentration of troops on the border as a threat. (Reuters)
28 November 2023 – Finland–Russia relations: Finland closes the entire border with Russia after accusing the Russian government of facilitating the entry of asylum seekers into the country. (The Guardian)
22 November 2023 – Finland–Russia relations: Finnish Prime Minister Petteri Orpo announces that Finland will close all but the northernmost border crossing with Russia, amid an increase in asylum seekers entering Finland via Russia. (Reuters)
10 October 2023 –: Finland reports that damage to the Balticconnector submarine pipeline connecting Finland and Estonia is being investigated as either an act of sabotage or accidental damage after officials ruled out a simple malfunction. (The Telegraph)
25 August 2023 – Finland–Russia relations: Yan Petrovsky, one of the leaders of the Russian far-right paramilitary Rusich Group, is detained in Finland. Ukraine has sent a request for Petrovsky's extradition. (Meduza) (Fontanka.ru)

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View of Lake Pielinen in Koli National Park

Panorama of Lake Pielinen from a hill in Koli National Park, Finland

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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
Eero-Saarinen (cropped)
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
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VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
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Albert Edelfelt - Louis Pasteur - 1885
Anefo 932-2378 Keke Rosberg, Zandvoort, 03-07-1982 - Restoration
FIN-A36b-Finlands Bank-20 Markkaa (1862)
Hankopan
Helsinki July 2013-14
Helsinki July 2013-27a
Kaleva Church 4
Kolmen valtakunnan rajapyykki 27.4.1945
Lutheran Cathedral Helsinki edit
Makasiinit tulessa
Neste Oil Rally 2010 - Jari-Matti Latvala in shakedown
Nils Torvalds MEP, Strasbourg - Diliff
Peugeot 206 WRC
Rally Finland 2010 - shakedown - Nasser Al-Attiyah 1
Scandinavia.TMO2003050
Silja Serenade in Stockholm
VR Sr1 3015 Kuopio Drawbridge
Vexi Salmi

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