Pohnpeic
Ponapeic
Geographic
distribution
Micronesia
Linguistic classificationAustronesian
Glottologpona1248
Map of the Micronesian languages; Pohnpeic languages are shaded in pink, while the Chuukic languages are red.

Pohnpeic, also rendered Ponapeic, is a subgroup of the Chuukic–Pohnpeic branch of Micronesian in the Austronesian language family.[1] The languages are primarily spoken in Pohnpei State of the Federated States of Micronesia.

Languages

Innovations

Pohnpeic languages are distinct from the closely related Chuukic languages as a result of uniquely developed innovations. One such innovation is nasal substitution, where the first element in a consonant geminate becomes a homorganic nasal consonant.[3] An example of this change is seen where Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic */kkaŋ/ 'sharp' became Mokilese /iŋkɔŋ/, whereas in Chuukese it is /kken/.[4]

Phonology

Proto-Pohnpeic reflexes of Proto-Oceanic consonants[5]
Proto-Oceanic *p*t*k*s, *nj*ns, *j*j*mp*mp, *ŋp*nt, *nd*ŋk*m*m, *ŋm*n*w*y*d,R*l
Proto-Micronesian *f*t*k*T*s*S*Z*p*pʷ*c*x*m*mʷ*n*w*y*r*l
Proto-Chuukic-Pohnpeic *f*t*k*j*t*t*∅*p*pʷ*c*∅,r3*m*mʷ*n*w*y*r*l
Proto-Pohnpeic *p, ∅2*j,∅1{_i,u,e4}*k*j*t̻*t̻*∅*p1*pʷ*c*∅,r3*m*mʷ*n*∅,n{high V_}*w*y*r*l

1 In the Pohnpeic languages, geminate obstruents are realized as homorganic nasal-obstruent clusters.
2 Often before /i/.
3 Before /a/.
4 The reflex is *∅ sporadically before PMc *e.

Reconstructed vocabulary

Reconstructed Proto-Pohnpeic Vocabulary [6]
Proto-Pohnpeic English Gloss Modern Language Reflexes
*cana-k,cana-kobe hung up, to hang upPON tɛnɛ-k, MOK sɔnɔ
*paliaday after tomorrowPON pali, MOK pali
*payipayisea urchinPON pɛypɛy, MOK pɔypɔy
*waraneckPON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck', MOK wɔr

References

  1. Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366.
  2. "Ngatikese". Retrieved 2015-02-11.
  3. Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (2): 199–236. doi:10.2307/3623193. JSTOR 3623193.
  4. Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (2): 206. doi:10.2307/3623193. JSTOR 3623193.
  5. Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (1): 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449. JSTOR 3623449.
  6. Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (2): 282. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.


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