Mining in the Northern Territory
Position of Northern Territory within Australia
Location
StateNorthern Territory Northern Territory
Country Australia
Regulatory authority
AuthorityDepartment of Mines and Energy
WebsiteOfficial website
Production
ValueDecrease A$3,436 million
EmployeesDecrease 5,732
Year2015[1]

Mining in the Northern Territory accounts for 16.4% of the gross domestic product, inclusive of both the minerals and petroleum industries. In 2015, it was valued at A$3,436 million. It accounts for 4.3% of the Northern Territory workforce. 63 businesses are currently engaged in the sector.[1]

History

Prior to European Settlement Indigenous groups mined ochre and other materials for ceremonial activities.[2] With the arrival of the overland telegraph in the 1860s - 70's gold was discovered

Major commodities

Manganese

Manganese mining in the Northern Territory in the financial year 2013-14, was worth A$1,024 million.[1]

Petroleum

Petroleum, like mining, falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Mines and Energy. It was worth $214 million in 2014.[1] The NT onshore area is over 1.35 million km2. There were 54 active exploration permits, three retention and five productions licences. Hydrocarbons have been produced since the 1980s.[3]

Onshore gas was produced at the Mereenie and Palm Valley gas fields in the Amadeus Basin, west of Alice Springs. The Dingo Field began producing gas in November 2015.[3]

Gold

Gold mining in the Northern Territory was worth A$770 million in 2014.[1]

Uranium

Uranium mining in the Northern Territory in the financial year 2013-14, was worth A$136 million.[1]

Geothermal

There are no granted geothermal permits in the NT at the time of producing this report. The last permit was surrendered in 2014.[3]

Table of Mines in the Northern Territory

Mines in Northern Territory[4]
NameAlternate NamesCoordinatesStatusCommoditiesGeological ProvinceGeological AgeDeposit Model[5]
Millars/Big Tree/PingQueUnion Reefs Project13°43′28″S 131°47′46″E / 13.7244°S 131.796°E / -13.7244; 131.796Historic MineGoldPine Creek OrogenPaleoproterozoic
MLS167Carbine, Central Tanami Project, Dogbolter, Harleys, Phoenix, Redback SE20°24′21″S 129°40′01″E / 20.4058°S 129.667°E / -20.4058; 129.667Historic MineGoldTanami OrogenProterozoic
MLS168Camel Bore, Central Tanami Project, Jims Main20°09′29″S 129°37′15″E / 20.1581°S 129.6207°E / -20.1581; 129.6207Historic MineGoldTanami OrogenProterozoic
MLS180Banjo, Beaver, Bonsai, Central Tanami Project19°58′13″S 129°24′28″E / 19.9703°S 129.4079°E / -19.9703; 129.4079Historic MineGoldTanami OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: unknown, Group: unknown, Type: unknown
ML 22934 - GroundrushCentral Tanami Project19°42′37″S 129°59′34″E / 19.7103°S 129.9928°E / -19.7103; 129.9928Historic MineGoldTanami OrogenProterozoic
Tanami - NewmontCallie, Dead Bullock Soak, Tanami Project, The Granites20°31′32″S 129°56′01″E / 20.5256°S 129.9336°E / -20.5256; 129.9336Operating MineGoldTanami OrogenPaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Mesozonal orogenic Au
Ammaroo PhosphateBarrow Creek 121°47′32″S 135°50′05″E / 21.7921°S 135.8348°E / -21.7921; 135.8348Under DevelopmentPhosphate, (Uranium, Phosphorous oxide, Uranium oxide)Georgina Basin
Davies13°33′46″S 131°33′55″E / 13.5629°S 131.5653°E / -13.5629; 131.5653Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen
Coronation Hill13°35′10″S 132°36′27″E / 13.5862°S 132.6074°E / -13.5862; 132.6074Historic MineGold, (Uranium, Platinum, Palladium, Platinum group elements, Uranium oxide)Pine Creek OrogenPaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Basin hydrothermal, Group: Unconformity-related, Type: Unconformity-related U
Nabarlek Uranium MineNabarlek12°18′30″S 133°19′12″E / 12.3082°S 133.32°E / -12.3082; 133.32Historic MineUranium oxide, UraniumPine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: Basin hydrothermal, Group: Unconformity-related, Type: Unconformity-related U
EldoradoTennant Creek19°41′50″S 134°13′59″E / 19.6971°S 134.233°E / -19.6971; 134.233Historic MineGoldTennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
Woodcutters12°58′05″S 131°06′45″E / 12.9681°S 131.1124°E / -12.9681; 131.1124Historic MineLead, Copper, Antimony, Silver, Cadmium, ZincPine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Orogenic Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Sb
Woolwonga13°24′16″S 131°33′02″E / 13.4045°S 131.5505°E / -13.4045; 131.5505Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Mesozonal orogenic Au
Nobles Nob19°42′41″S 134°17′24″E / 19.7115°S 134.2901°E / -19.7115; 134.2901Historic MineGold, (Silver, Copper, Bismuth)Tennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
Hatches Creek20°53′10″S 135°11′17″E / 20.8861°S 135.188°E / -20.8861; 135.188Historic MineTungsten trioxide (wolframite), Copper, Bismuth, TungstenDavenport ProvinceProterozoic
Roper River Iron14°25′31″S 134°11′02″E / 14.4253°S 134.1839°E / -14.4253; 134.1839Care And MaintenanceIron ore, (Iron)McArthur Basin
MolineNorthern Hercules13°40′02″S 132°09′00″E / 13.6672°S 132.15°E / -13.6672; 132.15Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Mesozonal orogenic Au
Mount Wells13°29′59″S 131°42′47″E / 13.4996°S 131.713°E / -13.4996; 131.713Historic MineTin, CopperPine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: unknown, Group: unknown, Type: unknown
CallieTanami Project20°31′36″S 129°55′30″E / 20.5266°S 129.9249°E / -20.5266; 129.9249Operating MineGoldTanami OrogenPaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Mesozonal orogenic Au
Tiwi11°22′S 130°50′E / 11.36°S 130.83°E / -11.36; 130.83Historic MineZircon, Rutile, Ilmenite, Leucoxene
Quest 29Mount Bundy Project12°57′25″S 131°35′15″E / 12.9569°S 131.5876°E / -12.9569; 131.5876Historic MineGoldPine Creek OrogenProterozoic
Toms GullyMount Bundy Project12°49′52″S 131°33′39″E / 12.831°S 131.5608°E / -12.831; 131.5608Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
Bootu CreekChugga, Gogo, Shekuma, Tourag, Xhosa18°41′59″S 134°07′33″E / 18.6998°S 134.1258°E / -18.6998; 134.1258Care And MaintenanceManganese ore, (Manganese)Tomkinson Province
Mls119-133Central Tanami Project, Tanami Mine JV19°58′21″S 129°42′32″E / 19.9725°S 129.7088°E / -19.9725; 129.7088Historic MineGoldPaleoproterozoic
Zapopan13°28′32″S 131°26′15″E / 13.4756°S 131.4376°E / -13.4756; 131.4376Historic MineSilver, Gold, LeadPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
Dead Bullock SoakColliwobble Ridge, Dead Bullock Ridge, Fumarole, Tanami Project, Villa20°31′32″S 129°56′01″E / 20.5256°S 129.9336°E / -20.5256; 129.9336Historic MineGoldCallie, The Granites-Tanami BlockPaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Mesozonal orogenic Au
Rustlers RoostMt Bundy Project12°55′01″S 131°29′54″E / 12.917°S 131.4984°E / -12.917; 131.4984Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
Gove12°15′40″S 136°50′13″E / 12.2611°S 136.837°E / -12.2611; 136.837Operating MineBauxite, (Alumina)Carpentaria BasinCenozoic
OrlandoTennant Creek19°26′19″S 134°01′41″E / 19.4387°S 134.0281°E / -19.4387; 134.0281Historic MineCopper, Gold, Silver, (Bismuth)Tennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
GlencoeBurnside project13°26′23″S 131°30′14″E / 13.4397°S 131.504°E / -13.4397; 131.504Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
Mount Bonnie13°32′30″S 131°32′56″E / 13.5417°S 131.549°E / -13.5417; 131.549Historic MineZinc, Silver, Gold, Lead, (Copper)Pine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
Molyhil22°45′26″S 135°44′57″E / 22.7571°S 135.7493°E / -22.7571; 135.7493Under DevelopmentMolybdenum, (Copper, Molybdenite, Tungsten, Tungsten trioxide (wolframite), Iron)Arunta Orogen, Aileron ProvinceProterozoic
Juno19°42′12″S 134°14′27″E / 19.7033°S 134.2407°E / -19.7033; 134.2407Historic MineGold, Silver, (Copper, Bismuth)Tennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
Frances Creek2, 3, 4, 5, 6/7, 9, Elizabeth Marion, Extended, Helene 1, Rosemary, Thelma13°33′51″S 131°51′00″E / 13.5642°S 131.85°E / -13.5642; 131.85Operating MineIron ore, (Iron)Pine Creek OrogenProterozoic
Bridge CreekBurnside Project13°26′25″S 131°19′10″E / 13.4403°S 131.3195°E / -13.4403; 131.3195Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoic
Brocks CreekBurnside Project13°28′35″S 131°26′16″E / 13.4765°S 131.4379°E / -13.4765; 131.4379Historic MineGold, SilverPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
GeckoK4419°26′07″S 134°03′58″E / 19.4354°S 134.0661°E / -19.4354; 134.0661Historic MineCopper, (Gold, Bismuth)Tennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: IOCG, Type: Magnetite-dominant IOCG
Tanami (Central)Central Tanami Project19°58′04″S 129°42′44″E / 19.9679°S 129.7122°E / -19.9679; 129.7122Historic MineGold, SilverCallie, The Granites-Tanami BlockProterozoic
HowleyBurnside Project13°29′53″S 131°20′44″E / 13.498°S 131.3455°E / -13.498; 131.3455Care And MaintenanceGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoic
Fountain HeadBurnside Project13°28′00″S 131°30′22″E / 13.4667°S 131.5061°E / -13.4667; 131.5061Historic MineGoldPine Creek OrogenProterozoic
Groote Eylandt13°59′32″S 136°26′44″E / 13.9922°S 136.4455°E / -13.9922; 136.4455Operating MineManganese ore, (Manganese)Carpentaria Basin
Chinese HowleyBurnside Project13°30′36″S 131°21′27″E / 13.5099°S 131.3575°E / -13.5099; 131.3575Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoic
EvaPandanus Creek17°40′52″S 137°49′11″E / 17.681°S 137.8196°E / -17.681; 137.8196Historic MineUranium, Gold, (Uranium oxide)Mount Isa Orogen, Murphy Inlier
Union ReefsUnion Reefs Project13°42′50″S 131°47′26″E / 13.714°S 131.7905°E / -13.714; 131.7905Care And MaintenanceGold, (Silver)Pine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Mesozonal orogenic Au
Mount Porter13°38′02″S 131°49′16″E / 13.634°S 131.821°E / -13.634; 131.821Under DevelopmentGoldPine Creek OrogenProterozoic
ChariotTennant Creek Mineral Field19°39′14″S 134°05′49″E / 19.654°S 134.0969°E / -19.654; 134.0969Historic MineGoldWarramunga ProvinceProterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
McArthur River zinc mineMcArthur River, HYC16°26′10″S 136°05′55″E / 16.436°S 136.0985°E / -16.436; 136.0985Operating MineZinc, Lead, (Silver, Copper, Cadmium, Antimony)McArthur BasinPaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Basin hydrothermal, Group: Sediment-hosted, Type: Siliciclastic-carbonate Zn-Pb
Spring HillSpring Hill Gold Project13°36′29″S 131°43′03″E / 13.608°S 131.7176°E / -13.608; 131.7176Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
Mud Tank23°00′29″S 134°15′56″E / 23.0081°S 134.2655°E / -23.0081; 134.2655ClosedVermiculiteArunta Orogen, Aileron ProvinceNeoproterozoicEnvironment: Supergene, Group: Laterite, Type: Carbonatite laterite REE
Goodall13°12′41″S 131°22′23″E / 13.2113°S 131.3731°E / -13.2113; 131.3731Historic MineGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoic
Pine CreekCzarina, Enterprise, Gandy's Hill, International, South Gandy13°49′33″S 131°49′43″E / 13.8257°S 131.8287°E / -13.8257; 131.8287Historic MineGold, (Silver)Pine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoicEnvironment: unknown, Group: unknown, Type: unknown
Ranger Uranium MineRanger12°40′25″S 132°55′07″E / 12.6735°S 132.9185°E / -12.6735; 132.9185ClosedUranium, (Uranium oxide)Pine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: Basin hydrothermal, Group: Unconformity-related, Type: Unconformity-related U
Warrego19°26′41″S 133°49′25″E / 19.4448°S 133.8237°E / -19.4448; 133.8237Historic MineGold, Copper, Bismuth, Iron ore, Silver, (Iron)Tennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: IOCG, Type: Magnetite-dominant IOCG
Maud CreekGold Creek, Maud Creek Project14°26′35″S 132°27′14″E / 14.4431°S 132.454°E / -14.4431; 132.454Historic MineGoldPine Creek OrogenProterozoic
Central Tanami19°57′58″S 129°10′26″E / 19.966°S 129.1739°E / -19.966; 129.1739Historic MineGoldTanami OrogenProterozoic
Roper BarArea D, Area E, Area F, Gum Creek15°13′23″S 135°04′26″E / 15.223°S 135.074°E / -15.223; 135.074Operating MineIron ore, (Iron)McArthur Basin
Browns polymetallic ore depositBrowns12°59′38″S 130°59′51″E / 12.9939°S 130.9975°E / -12.9939; 130.9975Historic MineLead, Cobalt, Silver, Nickel, Zinc, CopperPine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Orogenic Cu ± Au
Iron BlowBurnside Project13°30′49″S 131°33′07″E / 13.5137°S 131.552°E / -13.5137; 131.552Historic MineZinc, Gold, Silver, (Copper, Lead)Pine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoic
Cosmo HowleyBurnside Project, Cosmopolitan Howley13°32′13″S 131°22′34″E / 13.5369°S 131.3761°E / -13.5369; 131.3761Care And MaintenanceGoldPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoic
RedbankAzurite, Bluff, Punchbowl, Roman Nose, Sandy Flat17°11′36″S 137°44′37″E / 17.1932°S 137.7435°E / -17.1932; 137.7435Care And MaintenanceCopperMcArthur BasinProterozoic
Merlin diamond mineMerlin, Excalibur, Launfal, Palomides, Sacramore, Tristram, etc16°50′52″S 136°20′42″E / 16.8479°S 136.3451°E / -16.8479; 136.3451Operating MineDiamond - undifferentiated, (Diamond - gem and cheap gem)McArthur Basin
CzarinaPine Creek Project13°49′19″S 131°49′40″E / 13.822°S 131.8278°E / -13.822; 131.8278Historic MineGoldPine Creek OrogenProterozoic
EsmeraldaUnion Reefs Project13°45′22″S 131°49′48″E / 13.756°S 131.8299°E / -13.756; 131.8299Historic MineGoldPine Creek OrogenPaleoproterozoic
EnterprisePine Creek Project13°49′29″S 131°49′37″E / 13.8247°S 131.827°E / -13.8247; 131.827Historic MineGoldPine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: Metamorphic hydrothermal, Group: Orogenic, Type: Mesozonal orogenic Au
Wauchope20°35′55″S 134°19′47″E / 20.5986°S 134.3297°E / -20.5986; 134.3297Historic MineTungsten, Tungsten trioxide (wolframite)Davenport ProvinceProterozoic
Rum Jungle, Northern TerritoryRum Jungle Creek South13°02′23″S 130°59′54″E / 13.0397°S 130.9984°E / -13.0397; 130.9984Historic MineUranium, Uranium oxidePine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: unknown, Group: unknown, Type: unknown
Mucketty18°39′50″S 134°03′18″E / 18.6639°S 134.0549°E / -18.6639; 134.0549Historic MineManganese, Manganese oreTomkinson ProvinceEnvironment: Basin chemical, Group: Manganese, Type: Sedimentary Mn
El Sherana13°30′21″S 132°31′13″E / 13.5057°S 132.5203°E / -13.5057; 132.5203Historic MineGold, Uranium oxide, UraniumPine Creek OrogenProterozoicEnvironment: Basin hydrothermal, Group: Unconformity-related, Type: Unconformity-related U
Mount Burton12°58′37″S 130°57′49″E / 12.977°S 130.9636°E / -12.977; 130.9636Historic MineCopper, Uranium, Uranium oxidePine Creek OrogenProterozoic
IvanhoeTennant Creek19°33′13″S 134°03′32″E / 19.5535°S 134.0588°E / -19.5535; 134.0588Historic MineGold, Bismuth, CopperTennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
ArgoExplorer 46, Tennant Creek19°40′02″S 134°13′12″E / 19.6671°S 134.22°E / -19.6671; 134.22Historic MineGold, Bismuth, CopperTennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
TC819°37′38″S 134°09′00″E / 19.6271°S 134.15°E / -19.6271; 134.15Historic MineCopper, Silver, GoldTennant Creek Block, Warramunga ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: IOCG, Type: Magnetite-dominant IOCG
White RangeArltunga23°27′47″S 134°45′58″E / 23.4631°S 134.766°E / -23.4631; 134.766Historic MineGoldArunta Orogen, Arltunga Gold Metallogenic Province, Georgina BasinPaleozoic
Norris17°40′25″S 137°51′12″E / 17.6736°S 137.8532°E / -17.6736; 137.8532Historic MineCopperMount Isa Orogen, Murphy InlierProterozoic
White's12°59′06″S 131°00′29″E / 12.9849°S 131.008°E / -12.9849; 131.008Historic MineUranium, Copper, Uranium oxide, Lead, CobaltPine Creek Orogen, Mount Todd Gold Metallogenic ProvinceProterozoic
White DevilEldorado19°29′10″S 133°54′08″E / 19.486°S 133.9023°E / -19.486; 133.9023Historic MineGold, Selenium, Bismuth, CopperTennant Creek Block, Warramunga ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: IOCG, Type: Magnetite-dominant IOCG
Mount Fitch (Northern Territory)Mount Fitch12°56′48″S 130°56′54″E / 12.9468°S 130.9483°E / -12.9468; 130.9483Historic MineNickel, Copper, Cobalt, Uranium, Uranium oxidePine Creek OrogenProterozoic
Northern StarTennant Creek19°18′56″S 134°08′48″E / 19.3156°S 134.1466°E / -19.3156; 134.1466Historic MineGoldTennant Creek Block, Warramunga Province, Warrego Metallogenic ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Regional metasomatic, Group: Metasomatic iron, Type: Iron oxide Au
Roper Heavy Minerals14°25′00″S 134°00′00″E / 14.4167°S 134°E / -14.4167; 134Operating MineMineral sands, Heavy minerals, (Ilmenite, Magnetite)
Mount Bundey12°50′46″S 131°35′35″E / 12.8462°S 131.593°E / -12.8462; 131.593Historic MineIron ore, (Iron)Pine Creek OrogenProterozoic
Home of Bullion21°30′46″S 134°09′23″E / 21.5127°S 134.1564°E / -21.5127; 134.1564Historic MineCopper, Zinc, (Lead, Silver, Cobalt, Gold)Aileron ProvincePaleoproterozoicEnvironment: Volcanic basin hydrothermal, Group: Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), Type: Bimodal-felsic VMS
Finniss Lithium Project12°40′00″S 130°46′39″E / 12.6667°S 130.7775°E / -12.6667; 130.7775Operating MineLithium, Lithium oxide

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Annual Report 2014-2015" (PDF). Darwin. December 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  2. "Aboriginal Art Online, Traditional painting methods". Aboriginalartonline.com. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
  3. 1 2 3 Department of Mines and Energy, Energy Directorate (January 2016). "energyNT 2015" (PDF). Department of Mines and Energy. Darwin: Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  4. Geoscience, Australia. "Australian Mines Atlas". Australian Mines Atlas. Canberra, Australia: Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  5. Hofstra, A.; Lisitsin, V.; Corriveau, L.; Paradis, S.; Peter, J.; Lauzière, K.; Lawley, C.; Gadd, M.; Pilote, J.; Honsberger, I.; Bastrakov, E.; Champion, D.; Czarnota, K.; Doublier, M.; Huston, D.; Raymond, O; van der Wielen, S.E.; Emsbo, P.; Granitto, M.; Kreiner, D. (2021). "Deposit classification scheme for the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Global Geochemical Database". U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report. Open-File Report. 2021–1049: 1-60. doi:10.3133/ofr20211049. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
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