17th century

1650

  • England – Whickham, County Durham. Two boys die when they are run over by a wagon on a wooden coal train way. While such tramway accidents are not generally listed as rail accidents (note the lack of accidents listed for the next 163 years) this is sometimes cited as the earliest-known railway accident.[1]

1810s

1813

  • February – United Kingdom – A 13-year-old boy named Jeff Bruce is killed whilst running alongside the Middleton Railway tracks. The Leeds Mercury reports that this would "operate as a warning to others".[2]

1815

1818

  • 28 February – United Kingdom – The driver is killed on the Middleton Railway in Hunslet, Leeds, West Yorkshire when Salamanca's boiler explodes, as a result of the force of the explosion, he was "carried, with great violence, into an adjoining field the distance of one hundred yards."[3] "This was the result of the driver tampering with the safety valves."

1820s

1821

  • 5 December – United Kingdom – David Brook, a carpenter, is walking home from Leeds, Yorkshire along the Middleton Railway in a sleet storm when he is run over, with fatal results, by the steam engine of a coal train.[4]

1827

  • United Kingdom – An unnamed woman from Eaglescliffe, County Durham, England (believed to have been a blind beggar woman) is "killed by the steam machine on the railway". This is said to be the first case of a woman being killed in a railway collision.[5]

1828

1829

  • 4 September – United Kingdom – "A poor fellow incautiously placed himself in the way of a locomotive engine, which was driving waggons on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in Salford, when the wheel went over one of his legs, which was literally cut off. He was carried to a surgeon's in the neighbourhood, but no effectual aid could be given to him, nor the bleeding staunched, and he died."[7]

1830s

1830

1831

  • 8 February – United Kingdom – William Tewburn was a guard on an overnight goods train of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, pulled by the Twin Sisters locomotive which arrived at Liverpool Road, in Manchester at 2 am, where the unfortunate victim got aboard the tender unbeknownst to the engineer, who started moving the locomotive to take on coke and water, one of these short lurching trips caused the benumbed guard to lose his grip, and he fell under first the tender and then the locomotive, virtually cutting him in half.[8]
  • 21 October – United Kingdom – On the Warrington & Newton Railway. Mr. Kitchingman had a garden that backed onto the railway at Dallam-brook. He was on the train with a friend and decided to jump out at his house, but was dragged under the wheels of the following coach, which mangled his leg, which had to be amputated. He later succumbed to his injuries and expired.[10]

1833

  • 1 February – United Kingdom – At Parr Moss, west of Newton-le-Willows on the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, an eastbound train is stopped by the bursting of a fire tube in the locomotive. Passengers get off to see what has happened, and some of them stand on the westbound track where the escaping steam blocks them from seeing (or being seen from) a train approaching from Bolton. Four are run over by the westbound train, three of them killed instantly and the fourth reported as unlikely to survive.[11]

1834

1836

  • 2 October – United States – A broken axle of a Cincinnati-bound train throws a woman and a child onto the track where they are both dragged and run over. The woman perishes, but the child manages to survive, though seriously injured.[13]
  • 11 October – France – An employee of the line from Saint-Étienne to Lyon falls on a track and is decapitated by a train. The first train accident in France.[14]

1837

Suffolk, Virginia collision
  • 11 August – United States – The first head-on collision to result in passenger fatalities occurred on the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad near Suffolk, Virginia, when an eastbound lumber train coming down a grade at speed rounded a sharp curve and smashed into the morning passenger train from Portsmouth, Virginia. The first three of the thirteen stagecoach-style cars were smashed, killing three daughters of the prominent Ely family and injuring dozens of the 200 onboard returning from a steamboat cruise. An engraving depicting the moment of impact was published in Howland's Steamboat Disasters and Railroad Accidents in 1840.

1838

1839

  • 2 February – United Kingdom – Charlotte Carrad was killed by a train heading for Slough on the Great Western Railway, eight months after this section, the first of the GWR, had opened. She was trying to cross the track at Langley to pick turnip tops in a field. She had seen the train, Hurricane, with three carriages, coming at about 18 miles per hour (29 km/h) but hurried down the public footpath to get across the track. She reached the further rail when the engine struck her on the shoulder. Her friend, who was with her, found her in the ditch on the other side of the track. There was a little sign of life, but she died a minute or two later, her neck vertebrae having been dislocated.[16]

1840s

1840

1841

1842

Versailles train disaster

1843

  • 6 January – United Kingdom – A collision between two North Midland Railway trains at Barnsley, Yorkshire killed one person. The only passenger to be killed travelling by train in the United Kingdom that year.[22][23]
  • 10 March – Netherlands – During a test drive a locomotive derailed on a incompletely closed railway bridge near Warmond. One person was killed. This was the first railway accident in the Netherlands.[24]
  • United Kingdom – A locomotive boiler explosion on the Hartlepool Railway kills one person, a member of the public travelling illegally on the footplate.[25]

1844

1845

1846

  • 20 January – United Kingdom – A bridge over the River Medway between Tonbridge and Penshurst, Kent, England, collapses while a South Eastern Railway freight train is passing over it. The driver is killed.[29]
  • 9 July – United Kingdom – A Clarence Railway engine standing in a branch line of the Stockton and Darlington Railway suddenly began to move down the incline and collided with some waggons of another Clarence engine. Four men were crushed between the carriages and were severely injured. One died at the scene.
  • 20 November – United Kingdom – During the construction of the Blackburn, Darwen and Bolton Railway, the boiler of ex-Stockton and Darlington Railway locomotive No. 18 Shildon explodes at Sough, Lancashire.[30]
  • 23 November – United Kingdom – Elizabeth Coleman, aged eleven years, was killed on the Eastern Counties Railway. The deceased was, it appeared, endeavouring to cross the line at a point near the Roydon station where the Lockroad crosses the line on a level when she was struck by the buffer of a Cambridge train and killed upon the spot. The jury returned a verdict of "Accidental death."[31]

1847

The Dee bridge after its collapse
  • 24 May – United Kingdom – Dee bridge disaster – Five people are killed and nine are injured when the carriages of a Chester-to-Ruabon train falls 50 feet (15 m) into the River Dee following the collapse of a bridge. One of the supporting cast-iron girders had cracked in the centre and given way. The locomotive and tender manage to reach the other side of the bridge, which was engineered by Robert Stephenson. The accident causes his reputation to be questioned. The collapse led to a re-evaluation of the use of cast iron in railway bridges; many bridges have to be demolished or reinforced.
  • 28 June – United Kingdom – A North Union Railway locomotive suffers a boiler explosion, injuring one person.[32]

1848

  • 25 April – United Kingdom – The boiler of a North Midland Railway locomotive explodes at Normanton, Derbyshire, scalding three people.[32]
  • 20 May – United Kingdom – Six passengers are killed, and thirteen are injured at Shrivenham, Berkshire when a Great Western Railway express train runs into two wagons on the line. The horse-box and cattle van had been pushed onto the main line by two porters to free a wagon turntable. Although the locomotive was undamaged, the side of the leading carriage was torn out.[33]

1849

1850s

1850

Boiler explosion, 2 February 1850

1851

1851 Avenwedde rail accident, 21 January 1851

1852

  • 12 July – United Kingdom – Burnley railway accident – A 35-coach school excursion train from Goole arrives at Burnley on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, where it is far too long for the platform track. The engines are detached and the train left coasting slowly downhill into a long siding. As the station is understaffed, two friends of the staff have been asked to help out. One of them briefly lets go of a set of weighted points, misrouting the train into the dead-end platform track, where it crashes into the buffers before it can be braked. Of 800 people on board, four are killed.[45][46]
  • 29 July – United Kingdom – On the London and North Western Railway, a locomotive is brought into Shrewsbury shed for a minor repair, but the steam is still engaged when the fire is dropped. After the engine is repaired and fired up, it is left unattended for 20 minutes at a shift change. It runs away onto the main line and 14 miles (23 km) later collides with a standing train at Donnington, Shropshire, killing one passenger.[47]
  • 3 August – United Kingdom – The ashpan of the locomotive falls off a Rugby-to-Birmingham train at Hampton on the London and North Western Railway, derailing a van and one coach, which collide with a train on the other track. Two passengers are killed and several injured.[48]
  • September 25 – United Kingdom – the boiler of an Eastern Counties Railway locomotive explodes.[49]
  • 4 October – United Kingdom – A South Eastern Railway passenger train is derailed between Ticehurst Road and Etchingham, East Sussex, England, when the formation is flooded and washed away. Both engine crew are injured.[50]
  • 25 November – United Kingdom – A Great Western Railway train hauled by locomotive Lynx is derailed at Gatcombe, Gloucestershire.[51]

1853

  • 6 January – United States – A train carrying President-elect Franklin Pierce, his wife Jane and their son Benjamin derailed and toppled off an embankment near Andover, MA. Franklin and Jane suffered minor injuries, but their son Benjamin was killed.[52]
  • 4 March – United States – A train carrying emigrants near Mount Union, Pennsylvania, is rear-ended by a mail train; boilers rupture, scalding seven people to death and having the highest death toll in the United States in that time. The engineer of the mail train was reportedly asleep when the collision occurred.[53]
  • 4 March – United Kingdom – A Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway train derails on a deteriorated section of track near Dixon Fold, killing the driver and five passengers.[54][55]
  • 6 March – United Kingdom – The boiler of a London and North Western Railway locomotive explodes at Longsight, Lancashire. Six people are killed, and the engine shed is severely damaged.[56]
  • 17 March – United Kingdom – The boiler of a London, Brighton and South Coast Railway locomotive explodes at Brighton, East Sussex.[57]
  • 25 April – United States – A collision near Chicago results in the deaths of 15.[58]
  • Norwalk River, Connecticut
    6 May – United States – Norwalk rail accident – The first major American railroad bridge disaster occurs when a New Haven Railroad engineer neglects to check for an open swing bridge signal. The locomotive, four cars, and part of a fifth car run through the open bridge and plunge into the Norwalk River, Connecticut. Forty-six passengers are crushed to death or drowned, and about 30 others are severely injured.
  • 9 May – United States – A cornfield meet in the New Jersey Meadowlands results in the deaths of two people. One of the engineers was not forewarned about the change in time schedule which resulted in this.[59]
  • 1853 Providence and Worcester head-on collision
    12 August – 1853 Providence and Worcester head-on collision – United States – Two Providence and Worcester Railroad passenger trains are in a head-on collision at Valley Falls, Rhode Island. Thirteen people are killed and 50 are injured. This is believed to be the earliest wreck photographed, with the daguerreotype taken by a Mr. L. Wright of Pawtucket forming the basis for an engraving a fortnight later in The Illustrated News of New York.[60]
  • September – United Kingdom – An Eastern Counties Railway freight train comes to a halt near Brandon, Suffolk due to a locomotive failure. The driver of another freight train deliberately ignores a red signal and consequently his train is in a rear-end collision with the first train.[61]
  • 5 October – Ireland – 1853 Straffan rail accident – A Great Southern and Western Railway express passenger train fails south of Straffan, County Kildare due to a broken piston rod on the locomotive. The train is run into by a following freight train due to the failure of the guard to act to protect the line to the rear of the broken-down train. Eighteen people are killed.
  • United Kingdom – The boiler of a Midland Railway locomotive explodes near Bristol, Gloucestershire whilst the locomotive is hauling a freight train.[62]

1854

1855

South Devon Railway sea wall, 3 March 1855
  • February-March – United Kingdom – On Monday 12 February 1855 large portions of the South Devon Railway sea wall were washed away. Despite repair work starting promptly four days later more of the sea wall and a long 70-yard (64 m) section of line were also washed away.[65] Passengers were obliged to leave their trains and carry their luggage some distance to join another.[66] A temporary viaduct was constructed by the resident engineer, Mr. Margery, and was in operation within a couple of weeks which allowed the through operation of coaches, pulled by hand and rope, although some nervous passengers still alighted and walked.[67]
  • 29 August – United States – A southbound Camden and Amboy Rail Road passenger train, backing up on a single track near Burlington, New Jersey, to make room for a northbound express, hit a horse-drawn carriage. The rearmost passenger car derailed, and the succeeding cars crashed into it, derailed, and plunged into a ditch. All four passenger cars were demolished. Twenty-four people died, and between 65 and 100 were injured.[68]
  • 1 November – United States – Gasconade Bridge train disaster – A bridge over the Gasconade River at Gasconade, Missouri collapses under a Pacific Railroad excursion train during the celebrations of the line's opening. Thirty-one people are killed, and hundreds are seriously injured.
  • 12 September – United Kingdom – A light engine is dispatched from Reading on the wrong line and is in a head-on collision with a South Eastern Railway passenger train. Four people are killed, and many are injured. [63]
  • 15 December – United States – The boiler of the New York Central Railroad locomotive Dewitt Clinton explodes, killing the engineer and fireman.[69]
  • United Kingdom – A South Eastern Railway train is derailed at Bricklayers' Arms Junction, Surrey, when a pointsman moves a set of points under it.[63]

1856

Crash of the Jupiter, 29 May 1856

1857

Desjardins Canal disaster

1858

  • 6 May – United Kingdom – A passenger train from Plymouth on the just-opened Cornwall Railway derails just before the Grove Viaduct near St Germans and the engine and two cars plunged toward the water. Three railwaymen are killed.[78]
  • 11 May – United States – A bridge some three miles (5 km) from Utica, New York gave way when two trains, including a New York Central, express bound for Cincinnati, passed over it. Nine passengers died, including some who drowned, and fifty were injured.[79]
  • 15 May – United States – A Lafayette & Indianapolis Railroad train accident on a 120-foot (37-metre) bridge over Potato Creek, about 17 miles (27 km) south-east of Lafayette near Colfax, Indiana. The engineer, Jacob Beitinger (Beidinger), the fireman, Patrick Maloney (Moloney), and conductor James W. Irwin were killed.[80][81]
  • 30 June – United Kingdom – A South Eastern Railway passenger train is derailed at Chilham, Kent. Three people are killed.[63]
  • 11 August – United Kingdom – A passenger train runs into the buffers ar Ramsgate Town station, Kent. Twenty people are injured.[63]
  • Round Oak
    23 August – United Kingdom – Round Oak rail accident – An Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway passenger train becomes divided following a coupling failure. The rear portion runs away and collides with a following passenger train at Round Oak station, Stourbridge, Worcestershire. Fourteen people are killed. There are 50 serious injuries and 170 minor injuries.
  • 6 September – France – On the Chemin de fer de Paris à Saint-Germain, a 10-car atmospheric railway train is returning by gravity with about 300 festival-goers from Saint-Germain-en-Laye to Le Vésinet, where it will couple to a steam locomotive to continue to Paris. Due to a combination of errors, it runs away and crashes into the locomotive's tender. A crew member and two passengers are killed, and at least 40 people are injured.[82]

1859

South Bend, Indiana

1860s

1860

1861

1862

1863

  • 19 February – United States – Chunky Creek train wreck: The Hercules on the Southern Rail Road crashes into the Chunky River in Newton County, Mississippi. The train was headed for Vicksburg where Confederate forces were in need of reinforcements. The Hercules derailed on a damaged bridge and fell into the cold, murky depths. At least 40 passengers were killed. Some victims were rescued by soldiers from the 1st Choctaw Battalion who were camped nearby.

1864

  • 5 May – United Kingdom – At Colne on the Midland Railway, a 0-6-0 engine being prepared to work a goods train to Leeds suffers a boiler explosion, killing the driver and badly injuring the fireman. A woman is struck by a fragment in her home 1⁄4 mile (400 m) away.[89]
  • 9 May – United Kingdom – At Bishop's Road station on the Metropolitan Railway — a 0-6-0 locomotive borrowed from the Great Northern Railway suffers a boiler explosion. Nobody is killed but the station suffers major damage and injuries extend to a passenger in another train two tracks away.[90][91]
  • Immigrant train runs through an open swing bridge near Beloeil, Quebec.
    29 June – Canada – St-Hilaire train disaster – An immigrant train fails to stop at a danger signal and attempts to cross an open swing bridge and falls into the Richelieu River at Beloeil, Quebec. Ninety-nine people are killed and 100 are injured. As of 2019, this still stands as the rail accident with the largest death toll in Canada.
  • 15 July – United States – Shohola train wreck – An Erie Railroad passenger train carrying Confederate prisoners-of-war is in a head-on collision with a coal train near Shohola Township, Pennsylvania due to a dispatcher's error. Between 60 and 72 people are killed (official toll is 65 killed).
  • 16 August – United States – An Erie Railroad freight train runs into the rear of a passenger train between Turner's Station and Sloatsburg, New York. A third train runs into the wreckage. Seven people are killed.[92]
  • 21 September – United States – A Pennsylvania Railroad passenger train runs into the rear of a stopped freight train at Thompsontown, Pennsylvania. The wreckage then catches fire. At least six people are killed and thirteen are injured.[93][94]
  • 16 December – United Kingdom – A South Eastern Railway ballast train becomes divided inside Blackheath Tunnel, Kent. An express passenger train runs into the rear portion, killing five people, with two others dying later and many injured.[63][95][96][97]

1865

  • 12 May – United Kingdom – An accident occurred on the Irish North Western railway near Enniskillen. A goods train left Derry and ran off the rails. The engine driver, J. McCabe, and the stoker, C. Craven, were killed. Some bullocks in a waggon were also killed.'[98]
  • 7 June – United Kingdom – Rednal rail crash – A Great Western Railway excursion train is derailed at Rednal, Shropshire due to excessive speed on track under maintenance. Thirteen people are killed and 30 are injured.
  • Crash scene after the Staplehurst accident
    9 June – United Kingdom – Staplehurst rail crash – A South Eastern Railway boat train is derailed on a bridge over the River Beult at Staplehurst, Kent after track workers misread a timetable and remove a rail. Ten people are killed, and 49 are injured. Author Charles Dickens is amongst the survivors.

1866

  • 30 April – United Kingdom – A South Eastern Railway passenger train collides with some goods wagons at Caterham Junction, Surrey due to a signalman's error. Four people are killed.[99]
  • 10 June – United Kingdom – Welwyn Tunnel rail crash: A Great Northern Railway freight train is stopped in Welwyn North Tunnel due to a burst fire tube. A Midland Railway freight train following it in the same direction crashes into it, and a third freight train going the other way crashes into the wreckage. All three trains are totally destroyed by fire, but the only deaths are two of the crew members.[100]
  • 27 August – United States – A boiler explosion on the Petaluma and Haystack Railroad at Petaluma Station kills the engineer and three others and wrecks the railroad's only locomotive.[101]
  • 19 December – United Kingdom – During the construction of the new Smithfield Market building adjacent to an open-air section of the Metropolitan Railway in London, a girder falls onto a passing train and three passengers are killed. This is the first fatal accident on an underground train.[102]

1867

  • 29 June – United Kingdom – Warrington rail crash – A London and North Western Railway passenger train is in collision with a freight train at Walton Junction, Warrington, Cheshire due to a signalman's error. Eight people are killed and 70 are injured. Lack of interlocking between signals and points is a major contributory factor in the accident.[103]
  • Bray, County Wicklow
    9 August – Ireland – A bridge collapses under a passenger train at Bray, County Wicklow. Four people are killed and twelve are injured.[104]
  • Angola, New York
    18 December – United States – Angola Horror – The Buffalo-bound New York Express of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern derails its last coach, and it plunges off a truss bridge into Big Sister Creek just after passing Angola, New York. The next car is also pulled from the track and rolls down the far embankment. Stoves set both coaches on fire and 49 are killed. The cars were relatively easy to derail because they were "compromise cars" designed to run on slightly different track gauges, a practice soon afterwards prohibited.[105]

1868

1869

  • 23 April – United States – Hollis, New York: A Long Island Rail Road passenger train is derailed by a broken rail. The rail curls into a "snakehead" and rips out the bottom of one of the cars. Six people are killed, and fourteen injured.[109]
  • 14 November – United States – San Leandro, California: An errant switchman and poor visibility due to fog led to a head-on collision between an eastbound passenger train from Oakland, with a sleeper car, on the Western Pacific Railroad and an Alameda-bound Alameda Railroad passenger train. Among the fourteen killed was Judge Alexander W. Baldwin of the U.S. District Court of Nevada.[110]

1870s

1870

1871

  • 6 February – United States – A freight train on the Hudson River Railroad, carrying both crude and refined oil, suffers a broken axle. Because the crew have not threaded the required rope for communication from caboose to locomotive, the engineer is unaware, and the train keeps moving until it derails at the Wappinger Creek drawbridge, New Hamburg, New York. They and the drawbridge tender try to warn the following Pacific Express passenger train, but they are not in time, and the collision and resulting fire kill 22 people.[117][118]
  • Bangor, Maine, August 8, 1871
    9 August – United States – A bridge collapses under a Maine Central Railroad Company passenger train at Bangor, Maine. One person is killed and 30 are injured.[119]
  • Site of the Revere, Massachusetts, train wreck, 26 August 1871
    26 August – United States – Great Revere train wreck of 1871: A series of dispatching errors allow the Eastern Railroad's Portland Express to run into the rear of a stalled local train at Revere, Massachusetts. The wreckage catches fire; 29 people are killed and 57 are injured. Several prominent Boston citizens are killed, bringing much national publicity to the accident.

1872

1873

  • 30 March – United Kingdom – A Great Northern Railway excursion train collides with two carriages at Bourne, Lincolnshire. No one was seriously injured, but the carriages and crossing gates were destroyed.[122]
  • Scene of the Railroad Disaster at Meadow Brook, Rhode Island, a wood engraving from a sketch by Theodore R. Davis, published in Harper's Weekly, 10 May 1873. The accident occurred on 19 April 1873, at Wood River Junction.
    19 April – United States – A passenger train is derailed at Meadow Brook, Rhode Island, near Wood River Junction, due to a bridge being washed away in a dam collapse.[123][124] Nine passengers are killed.[125]
  • 6 May – Austria-Hungary – A passenger train is derailed at Budapest-Nyugati Railway Terminal. Twenty-six people are killed.[126][127]
  • 2 August – United Kingdom – Wigan rail crash – A London and North Western Railway passenger train derails at Wigan North Western station, possibly due to excessive speed over facing points. Thirteen people are killed and 30 are injured.
  • 12 August – Italy – A Società per le strade ferrate romane passenger train in service between Rome and Florence derails near the town of Orte (Lazio) after hitting two cattle standing on the tracks. Two people are killed and more than 40 injured.
  • 2 December – United Kingdom – At Menheniot on the Cornwall Railway, a porter-signalman named Pratt instructs a down goods train to proceed by calling out "Right away, Dick" to its guard, Richard Wills. Unfortunately, an up goods train is also at the station and its guard, Richard Scantlebury, thinks the instruction is for him; by the time Pratt realizes this, Scantlebury has already told his driver to start. Their train collides with another down goods before reaching St Germans, injuring several crewmen and killing one.[128][129]

1874

1875

1876

1877

1878

  • 11 January – United Kingdom – Great Northern Railway – The Flying Scotsman is in a collision with a freight train at Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, after which a local passenger train collides with the wreckage.
  • 21 May – United States – A Kansas Pacific R.R. Freight train is caught in a bridge washout at Kiowa Creek, Colorado; 3 killed.[139]
  • 31 August – United Kingdom – A London, Chatham and Dover Railway passenger train collides with goods wagons at Sittingbourne, Kent due to errors by a shunter and the two guards of a freight train. Five people are killed.[140]
  • 8 October – United States – Wollaston disaster – A train in Quincy, Massachusetts carrying over 1,000 passengers runs over an open switch resulting a serious derailment.[141]

1879

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wragg 2004, p. 46.
  2. ↑ Foley, Michael (15 January 2014). Britain's railway disasters: fatal accidents from the 1830s to the present day. Barnsley. ISBN 978-1-78159-379-0. OCLC 886539827.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ↑ Leeds Mercury 7 March 1818
  4. ↑ Balkwill & Marshall 1993, p. 219.
  5. ↑ "Corrections and clarifications". The Guardian. London. 21 June 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2009.
  6. 1 2 Hewison 1983, p. 26.
  7. ↑ Mercury, Manchester (8 September 1829). "Accident on the Railway". Manchester Mercury. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  8. ↑ Tewburn, William (11 February 1831). "The Liverpool Mercury". British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  9. ↑ Derrick 1930, pp. 83–84.
  10. ↑ Mercury, Liverpool (28 October 1831). "Fatal Accident on the Warrington & Newton Railway". The Liverpool Mercury. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  11. ↑ "Liverpool – shocking accident on the railroad". The Times. 1833-02-04. Quoted in Hylton, Stuart (2007). The Grand Experiment: The Birth of the Railway Age, 1820–45. Ian Allan. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-7110-3172-2.
  12. ↑ "FATAL ACCIDENT". Caledonian Mercury. No. 17570. 22 February 1834.
  13. ↑ Reed, Robert (1968). Train Wrecks: A Pictorial History of Accidents on the Main Line. Seattle: Superior Pub. Co. p. 127. ISBN 0-517-328976.
  14. ↑ "Rhône - Givors - Accident de Train". La Presse, p.3. October 17, 1836. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
  15. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, p. 24.
  16. ↑ "Local Intelligence". Bucks Herald. 9 March 1839. p. 3. Retrieved 18 July 2021 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. 1 2 Hall 1990, p. 20.
  18. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, p. 69.
  19. ↑ Hall 1990, pp. 20–21.
  20. ↑ Chandler 1977, p. 96.
  21. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, pp. 36–38.
  22. ↑ Hall 1990, p. 23.
  23. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, p. 32.
  24. ↑ Handleiding tot de kennis van de verschillende soorten van locomotieven, C.C. van Hall, 1844 (in Dutch)
  25. 1 2 Hewison 1983, p. 27.
  26. ↑ Hewison 1983, pp. 28–29.
  27. 1 2 Hewison 1983, p. 29.
  28. ↑ "Accident on the Dover Railway". The Times. No. 18988. London. 29 July 1845. col A, p. 5.
  29. ↑ "FEARFUL AND FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY". The Times. No. 19139. London. 21 January 1846. col D, p. 5.
  30. ↑ Hewison 1983, pp. 29–30.
  31. ↑ Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, 1847, vol. 30, pg. 185
  32. 1 2 Hewison 1983, p. 30.
  33. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, p. 176.
  34. 1 2 Hall 1990, p. 25.
  35. ↑ Hewison 1983, pp. 30–31.
  36. ↑ Hewison 1983, pp. 31–32.
  37. ↑ Hewison 1983, p. 32.
  38. ↑ Hewison 1983, p. 33.
  39. 1 2 Hall 1990, p. 26.
  40. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, pp. 43–44.
  41. ↑ Hewison 1983, pp. 33–34.
  42. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, p. 47–48.
  43. ↑ Laffan, R.M. (1851-05-22). "Report of Captain Laffan Relative to the Fatal Collision in the Sutton Tunnel" (PDF).
  44. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, p. 133.
  45. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, pp. 44–46.
  46. ↑ Wynne, George (1852-08-03). "Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Burnley on 12th July 1852" (PDF).
  47. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, pp. 137–139.
  48. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, p. 82.
  49. ↑ Hewison 1983, p. 35.
  50. ↑ "Accident on the South-Eastern Railway". The Times. No. 21240. London. 7 October 1852. col C, p. 7.
  51. ↑ Earnshaw 1990, p. 2.
  52. ↑ Reed, Robert (1968). Train Wrecks: A Pictorial History of Accidents on the Main Line. Seattle: Superior Pub. Co. p. 18. ISBN 0-517-328976.
  53. ↑ Reed, Robert (1968). Train Wrecks: A Pictorial History of Accidents on the Main Line. Seattle: Superior Pub. Co. p. 18. ISBN 0-517-328976.
  54. ↑ Rolt & Kichenside 1982, pp. 75–76.
  55. ↑ Wynne, George (1853-03-29). "Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Dixonfold on 4th March 1853" (PDF).
  56. ↑ Hewison 1983, pp. 36–37.
  57. ↑ Hewison 1983, pp. 37–38.
  58. ↑ "Notable Chicago-area train wrecks". The Chicago Tribune. Chicago, IL. Jul 15, 2012. Retrieved June 14, 2017.
  59. ↑ Reed, Robert (1968). Train Wrecks: A Pictorial History of Accidents on the Main Line. Seattle: Superior Pub. Co. p. 19. ISBN 0-517-328976.
  60. ↑ L. Wright (Photographer): Train wreck on the Providence Worcester Railroad near to Pawtucket, August 12, 1853, Rochester: George Eastman House; Photo: Trains! at The George Eastman House, kodak.com
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  71. ↑ FULL PARTICULARS OF THE ACCIDENT.STATEMENT BY ALFRED L. ARMSTRONG, ONE OF THE INJURED PASSENGERS.
  72. ↑ Short History of Panama Railroad
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