This is a list of European political parties that have been classified as centre-left or far-left on the political spectrum. The categorisation of some parties may vary in different sources.

CountryPartyIdeology
CroatiaWorkers' Front (RF)
CyprusProgressive Party of Working People (AKEL)
Czech RepublicCommunist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM)
Czech RepublicSocial Democracy (SOCDEM)
DenmarkSocialist People's Party (SF)
DenmarkRed-Green Alliance (Enhl., Ø)
EstoniaEstonian United Left Party (EÜVP)
FinlandLeft Alliance (VAS)
FranceFrench Communist Party (PCF)

Formerly:

FranceLa France insoumise (FI)
FranceNew Anticapitalist Party (NPA)
FranceWorkers' Struggle (LO)
GermanyThe Left

Factions

GreeceCommunist Party of Greece (KKE)
HungaryHungarian Workers' Party
IcelandLeft-Green Movement (VG)
IrelandSinn Féin (SF)
Ireland People Before Profit Alliance (PBP)
Ireland Solidarity
ItalyCommunist Refoundation Party (PRC)
LatviaSocialist Party of Latvia (LSP)
NetherlandsSocialist Party (SP)
NetherlandsGreenLeft (GL)
NorwaySocialist Left Party (SV)
PortugalEcologist Party "The Greens" (PEV)
PortugalLIVRE (L)
PortugalLeft Bloc (BE)
PortugalPortuguese Communist Party (PCP)
PortugalPortuguese Labour Party (PTP)
PortugalPortuguese Workers' Communist Party (PCTP/MRPP)
PortugalSocialist Alternative Movement (MAS)
ScotlandScottish Socialist Party (SSP)
SlovakiaCommunist Party of Slovakia (KSS)
SlovakiaDirection – Slovak Social Democracy
Slovenia The Left
SpainCommunist Party of Spain (PCE)
SwedenLeft Party (V)
TurkeyWorkers' Party of Turkey (TİP)
UkraineCommunist Party of Ukraine (CPU)
United Kingdom Labour Party (LAB)
United Kingdom Green Party of England and Wales (GRN)
United Kingdom Communist Party of Britain (CPB)

See also

Literature

  • Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (2008). Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783525369128.
  • Daiber, Birgit; Hildebrandt, Cornelia; Striethorst, Anna (Eds.) (2012). From Revolution to Coalition – Radical Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Rosa-Luxemburg-Foundation.
  • Dunphy, Richard (2004). Contesting capitalism? Left parties and European integration. Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719068041.
  • Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, VT: Ashgate. ISBN 9780754678403.
  • March, Luke (2008). Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6.
  • March, Luke; Mudde, Cas (2005). "What's Left of the Radical Left? The European Radical Left After 1989: Decline and Mutation". Comparative European Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. 3 (3): 23–49. doi:10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110052. S2CID 55197396.

Notes

  1. ↑ The social-democratic nature of SMER is disputed.[84]

References

  1. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Cyprus". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  2. ↑ Harry Anastasiou, The Broken Olive Branch: Nationalism versus Europeanization, Syracuse University Press, 2008, ISBN 9780815631972, p. 163
  3. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2012-08-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2012-08-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ↑ Helena Smith, Cyprus gets ready for a communist 'takeover', The Guardian, 2008
  6. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Czechia". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  7. ↑ Bozóki, A & Ishiyama, J (2002) The Communist Successor Parties of Central and Eastern Europe, pp150-153
  8. ↑ "Naděje pro Českou republiku (2006)" (PDF). kscm.cz (in Czech). 29 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  9. ↑ "How Europe will break on Brexit". Politico.eu. 22 June 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  10. ↑ "O Brexitu neboli proč by EU měla jít". kscm.cz. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  11. ↑ "Krachující Evropská unie a Česká republika". kscm.cz. 9 September 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  12. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  13. 1 2 3 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Denmark". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  14. ↑ Åsa Bengtsson; Kasper Hansen; Ólafur Þ Harõarson; Hanne Marthe Narud; Henrik Oscarsson (15 November 2013). The Nordic Voter: Myths of Exceptionalism. ECPR Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-907301-50-6.
  15. ↑ https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/anita-nissen/uk-and-denmark-growing-public-euroscepticism
  16. ↑ "EU-politik". enhedslisten.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Vasakpartei: Meist" (in Estonian). EÜVP.
  18. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Finland". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  19. ↑ http://www.vasemmisto.fi/images/ohjelmat/Left_Alliance_Party_Program_2007.pdf
  20. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "France". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  21. ↑ Benedetto, Giacomo; Quaglia, Lucia (2007). "The Comparative Politics of Communist Euroscepticism in France, Italy and Spain". Party Politics. 13 (4): 478–499. doi:10.1177/1354068807077957. S2CID 145261847.
  22. ↑ http://www.slate.fr/story/100593/fn-tract-pcf-1970
  23. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "France". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  24. ↑ Arthur Nazaret (10 April 2014). "Quand Dray plante sa plume dans Mélenchon". Le Journal du Dimanche (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  25. ↑ Hervé Kempf (12 March 2018). "Jean-Luc Mélenchon : " L'écologie doit être un stimulant d'enthousiasme "". Reporterre (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  26. ↑ Denis Tugdual (5 April 2013). "Le Pen-Mélenchon: la mode est au langage populiste". L'Express (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  27. ↑ Jean-Laurent Cassely (15 April 2013). "Le populisme "vintage" de Jean-Luc Mélenchon, trop élaboré pour être efficace". Slate (in French). Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  28. 1 2 Abel Mestre (21 October 2017). "La tentation souverainiste de Jean-Luc Mélenchon". Le Monde. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  29. ↑ https://www.thenation.com/article/meet-europes-left-nationalists/
  30. ↑ "Leur Europe n'est pas la nôtre !" (in French). NPA. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  31. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Germany". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  32. ↑ Michelle Cini; Nieves Perez-Solorzano Borragan, eds. (2013). "Glossary". European Union Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-19-969475-4.
  33. ↑ Michael Keating; David McCrone, eds. (2013). The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe. Edinburgh University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0748665822.
  34. ↑ Die Programmatik der LINKEN
  35. ↑ Die Linke party wins German votes by standing out from crowd. The Guardian. Author - Kate Connolly. Published 17 September 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2017.
  36. ↑ Antimilitarism: Political and Gender Dynamics of Peace Movements. p.130. Author - Cynthia Cockburn. Published by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN in 2012. Retrieved via Google books on 14 February 2017.
  37. ↑ https://www.thenation.com/article/meet-europes-left-nationalists/
  38. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Greece". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  39. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram. "Hungary". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 5 April 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  40. 1 2 3 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Iceland". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  41. 1 2 The Reykjavík Grapevine Election Guide 2013 Archived 14 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, The Reykjavík Grapevine, April 5, 2013
  42. ↑ "Iceland could be EU member by 2011". EUobserver. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  43. ↑ "IRELAND: Legislative elections: Dáil Éireann, 5-year term, proportional representation system (STV)". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  44. ↑ Harry McGee (9 October 2015). "People Before Profit and the Anti Austerity Alliance - spot the difference". The Irish Times. Retrieved 16 April 2018. For anybody who has not been intimately involved with the Socialist Workers Party or the Socialist Party, you would need to have a PhD in semantics and rhetoric to winkle out the actual ideological difference between them. They are both Trotskyist and advocate permanent revolution and political agitation through working class mass action in capitalist societies such as Ireland.
  45. ↑ "LEXIT: Why we need a left exit from EU". Archived from the original on 21 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  46. ↑ Since 2018 Lega Nord has filed electoral lists as Lega, including its sister party Lega per Salvini Premier and former members of Us with Salvini.
  47. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2011). "Latvia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  48. ↑ José Magone (3 July 2013). Contemporary European Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Routledge. p. 533. ISBN 978-1-136-93397-4.
  49. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Netherlands". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  50. ↑ "European Social Survey 2012 - Appendix 3 (in English)" (PDF). European Science Foundation. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  51. ↑ Oudenampsen, Merijn (23 May 2013). Ruth Wodak; Majid KhosraviNik; Brigitte Mral (eds.). Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism. A&C Black. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-78093-245-3. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  52. ↑ Voerman, Paul; Lucardie (2007). "Sociaal-democratie nu definitief verdeeld: Met volwassen SP is het abonnement van de PvdA op de linkse stem verlopen" (PDF). NRC Handelsblad.
  53. ↑ Watkins, Susan (May–June 2005). "Continental tremors". New Left Review. New Left Review. II (33).
  54. ↑ Andeweg, R. B.; Galen A. Irwin (2002). Governance and politics of the Netherlands. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 51. ISBN 0333961579.
  55. ↑ Pater Teffer (28 April 2014). "Dutch euroscepticism moves mainstream". EUobserver. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  56. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2017). "Netherlands". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
  57. ↑ "Van poppodia naar de bedrijfskantine - Klaver wil van GroenLinks brede volkspartij maken". 22 November 2017.
  58. ↑ "De ideologische herprofilering van GroenLinks: na 28 jaar de gehoopte doorbraak?". 8 December 2017.
  59. ↑ "Stimulering duurzame energieproductie".
  60. 1 2 Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
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  62. 1 2 3 4 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  63. ↑ Henley, Jon (7 October 2019). "Portugal election result cements modest gains for Europe's centre-left". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  64. ↑ Tilo Wagner (24 April 2014). "Upstart Portuguese party wants more Europe". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  65. 1 2 "Where is Portugal's Radical Left? — Global Politics". 11 February 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  66. ↑ Dinis, Rita (29 August 2014). "O que está a dividir o Bloco de Esquerda | Ainda não percebi bem. Então quais são hoje as correntes dentro do BE?" [What is dividing the Left Bloc | Still don't get it. So what are the current tendencies inside the BE?]. Observador (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  67. ↑ Wall, Derek (2010), The Rise of the Green Left: Inside the Worldwide Ecosocialist Movement, Pluto Press, p. 97
  68. ↑ "Country profile – Portugal - Euroviews 2014". www.euroviews.eu. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  69. ↑ "Populism Report Q3 2018" (PDF). Foundation for European Progressive Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  70. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
  71. ↑ Freire, André (2006). "The Party System of Portugal". Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas. VS Verlag: 376.
  72. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). "Madeira/Portugal". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 May 2018.
  73. ↑ "Scotland Needs Socialism". Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  74. 1 2 "About Us".
  75. ↑ "For A Modern Democratic Republic".
  76. ↑ March, Luke (2008). Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe (PDF). Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-86872-000-6.
  77. ↑ http://www.parties-and-elections.de/slovakia.html
  78. ↑ "Program KSS".
  79. ↑ http://www.ceeidentity.eu/sites/default/files/downloads/zelinsky_final.pdf
  80. ↑ Učeň, Peter (14 February 2016). "Populizmus Smeru... má to ešte vôbec význam?".
  81. ↑ http://www.bisla.sk/sk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Chamulova_Barbora-Bakalarska_praca.pdf
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  84. ↑ Almeida, Dimitri (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0.
  85. ↑ Sekerák, Marián (October 2019). "Towards conservatism? Party politics in Slovakia at the end of the 2010s". European View. 18 (2): 233–241. doi:10.1177/1781685819883965.
  86. ↑ "Slovak PM Fico wins election but faces tough task to form majority". Reuters. 5 March 2016.
  87. ↑ Marek Payerhin, ed. (2017). Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2017-2018. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 391.
  88. ↑ "Smer–sociálna demokracia(SMER-SD) - Visegrad Plus". Visegrad Plus - Forum for Visegrad+ studies. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  89. ↑ Swedish Left Party Surges in Polls with Focus on Climate Action & Fighting Privatization. Democracy Now. Published 3 July 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  90. 1 2 Claire Annesley, ed. (2013). Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe. Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-135-35547-0.
  91. 1 2 3 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Sweden". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
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  93. 1 2 Nordsieck, Wolfram (2014). "Ukraine". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
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  95. ↑ Citation error. See inline comment how to fix.
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  104. ↑ Denny, Brian (14 August 2015). "Unions should take a lead in the EU referendum". www.communist-party.org.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2015. Vote against anti-social Europe, vote to get out
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