This list shows the estimates of the number of casualties in the mutual massacres between Poles and Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA).
= Historian | = Political science | = Research group |
Author | Volhynia | Galicia | VOL+GAL | V+G+P | E. POL | Source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Timothy Snyder | 50k | – | – | – | In Past and Present (p. 202) | "Ukrainian partisans killed about fifty thousand Volhynian Poles and forced tens of thousands more to flee in 1943." | |
Timothy Snyder | >40k | 10k | - | – | – | [1] | 10k is in March '44, >40k in July '43 |
Timothy Snyder | 40-60k in '43 | 25k | - | – | 5k | The Reconstruction of Nations, 2004 | 5k is Lublin and Rzeszów; "killed by the UPA"; "limited the death toll of Polish civilians to about twenty-five thousand in Galicia" |
Timothy Snyder | - | 5–10k | – | – | – | [2] | "Throughout spring 1944"; "Polish preparations and Ukrainian warnings limited the deaths to perhaps 5,000–10,000" |
Grzegorz Motyka | 40-60k | – | - | 80-100k | 6-8k | W kręgu Łun w Bieszczadach, 2009, page 13 | net is from '43 to '47 |
Grzegorz Motyka | 40-60k | 30-40k | - | 100k | 6-8k | Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, pages 447–448 | |
Ivan Katchanovski | 35-60k | – | – | – | Terrorists or National Heroes? Politics of the OUN and the UPA in Ukraine | Katchanovski considers the lower bound 35k to be more likely; cited Snyder, Hrytsiuk | |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | 35-60k | – | – | – | "Vtraty naselennia na Volyni u 1941-1944rr." Ukraina-Polshcha: Vazhki Pytannia, Vol. 5. Warsaw: Tyrsa, 2001 | Cited by Katchanovski | |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | 35.7-60k | - | – | – | – | Hryciuk G. Przemiany narodowosciowe i ludnosciowe w Galicji Wschodniej i na Wolyniu w latach 1931–1948 / G. Hryciuk. – Torun, 2005. – S. 279.[lower-alpha 1] | Cited by Kalischuk |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | - | 20–24k | - | – | – | Straty ludnosci w Galicji Wschodniej w latach 1941–1945 / G. Hryciuk // Polska–Ukraina: trudne pytania. – Warszawa, 2000. – V. 6. – P. 294.[lower-alpha 2] | Cited by Kalischuk; from 43 to 46; 8820 in '43-mid'44; "according to relevant contemporary Polish sources" |
Grzegorz Hryciuk | 35.7-60k | 20-24k | - | – | - | G.Hryciuk, Przemiany narodowosciowe i ludnosciowe w Galicji Wschodniej i na Wolyniu w latach 1931–1948, Toruń 2005, pp. 279, 315 [lower-alpha 3] | for Eastern Galicia "primary balance" relied on "fragmentary and often incomplete documentation" and witnesses' testimonies; 20-25k in 1941-1946 and 20-24k in 1943-1946 |
P.R. Magocsi | – | – | – | 50k | – | Magocsi; A History of Ukraine, 2010, pp. 681-682 | "among the more reasonable estimates" |
Niall Ferguson | – | – | 60-80k | - | The war of the world, 2007 | Fergusson is citing other authors (which ones?) | |
John Paul Himka | – | – | "tens of thousands" | – | [3] | "One of the things that emerged clearly from this discussion was that UPA and OUN were responsible for the murder of tens of thousands of Poles in Western Ukraine." | |
Per Anders Rudling | 40-70k | – | - | 7k | Theory and Practice, 2006 | below note | |
Rossolinski-Liebe | – | – | 70-100k | – | - | The Ukrainian national revolution (2011), p. 84; Celebrating fascism... (2010), p. 3 | |
Ewa Siemaszko | 60k | 70k | 130k | 133k | Bilans zbrodni, 2010 [4] | According to Rudling it is the most extensive study of the Polish casualties (Rudling, "The OUN, the UPA and the Holocaust...", p. 50) | |
Marek Jasiak | – | – | – | 60-70k | Redrawing Nations, p174 | "In Podole, Volhynia, and Lublin" | |
Terles | 50k | 60-70k | – | 100-200k | In Ethnic Cleansing p. 61 | ||
Karta | 35k | 29.8k | – | – | 6.5k | "Polska-Ukraina", t.7, 2000, p. 159, cited by Kalishchuk: here [5] | Karta based mostly on: Siemaszko for Volhynia (documented number) and Cz.Blicharski for Tarnopol voivodsh. |
Katarina Wolczuk | – | - | – | 60-100k | "The Difficulties of Polish–Ukrainian Historical Reconciliation," paper published by the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 2002, cited by Marples | ||
Common communicate of PL and UKR historians | 50-60k | 20-25k | – | 5-6k | "Polska-Ukraina: trudne pytania", 2000, t. 9, p. 403. | "Polish casualties acc. to Polish sources" | |
Ryszard Torzecki | 30-40k | 30-40k | 80-100k | 10-20k (Polesie and Lublin) | R. Torzecki, Polacy i Ukraińcy. Sprawa ukraińska podczas II wojny światowej na terenie II Rzeczypospolitej, 1993, p. 267 | ||
IPN | 60-80k | – | – | – | Oddziałowa Komisja w Lublinie, January 2012 | "It is estimated that about 60, or even 80 thousand people of Polish nationality were murdered in Volhynia." | |
Norman Davies | – | – | - | "hundreds of thousands" | 'God's playground. A history of Poland', Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 350 [6] | Estimate includes both Poles and Ukrainians killed by UPA | |
Czesław Partacz | – | – | – | 134-200k | Przemilczane w ukraińskiej historiografii przyczyny ludobójstwa popełnionego przez OUN-UPA na ludności polskiej [in:] Prawda historyczna na prawda polityczna w badaniach naukowych. Przykład ludobójstwa na Kresach Południowo-Wschodniej Polski w latach 1939–1946, Bogusław Paź (edition), Wrocław 2011 | ||
Lucyna Kulińska | – | – | – | 150-200k | "Dzieci Kresów III", Kraków 2009, p. 467 | ||
Anna M. Cienciala | - | - | 40-60k | The Rebirth of Poland. University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor Anna M. Cienciala, 2004 | "During WWII, the Bandera faction of the Ukrainian Insurrectionary Army (UPA) murdered 40,000–60,000 Poles living in the villages of former Volhynia and former East Galicia." | ||
Pertti Ahonen et al. | – | - | 100,000 | - | Pertti Ahonen, Gustavo Corni, Jerzy Kochanowski, Rainer Schulze, Tamás Stark, Barbara Stelzl-Marx, People on the Move: Population Transfers and Ethnic Cleansing Policies During World War II and Its Aftermath. Berg Publishers. 2008. p. 99. | "The ethnic cleansing conducted by Ukrainian nationalists, discussed in chapter 2, killed about 100,000 Poles and made refugees out of another 300,000." | |
George Liber | 25–70k | 20–70k | 50–100k | – | Total Wars and the Making of Modern Ukraine, 1914–1954 | "Scholars in Poland, Ukraine, the United States, and Europe estimate that in 1943 and 1944 the members of the OUN-B and UPA killed between 25,000 to 70,000 Poles in Western Volhynia, and then another 20,000 to 70,000 in Eastern Galicia... between 50,000 to 100,000 Poles... died by violent means." |
Author | Volhynia | Galicia | VOL+GAL | V+G+P | E. POL | Source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grzegorz Motyka | 2-3k | – | - | 10-20k | 8-12k | W kregu łun w Bieszczadach, Rytm 2009, page 13 | 1943–1947, The number for total includes those killed in Volhynia, Galicia, territories of present-day (eastern) Poland |
Grzegorz Motyka | 2-3k | 1-2k | - | 10/11-15k | 8-10k | Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji "Wisła", 2011, page 448 | 1943–1947; According to Motyka, numbers of Ukrainian casualties from hands of Poles >= 30k are "simply pulled out of thin air". |
P.A. Rudling | 20k | – | 11k | in "Historical Representation of the Wartime Accounts of the Activities of the OUN..." | citation: "Most mainstream estimates" "growing consensus, is [...] up to 20,000 Ukrainians killed by AK in Volhynia." | ||
P. R. Magocsi | – | – | – | 20k | Magocsi; A History of Ukraine, 2010, pp. 681-682 | "among the more reasonable estimates" | |
T. Snyder | 10k | – | – | Past and Present | "Over the course of 1943, perhaps ten thousand Ukrainian civilians were killed by Polish self-defence units, Soviet partisans, and German police." | ||
T. Snyder | – | – | - | about 5k | The reconstruction of nations p. 176 | in Lublin and Rzeszów only, 1943–1944 | |
Rossolinski-Liebe | – | – | – | 10-20k | – | "Celebrating Fascism" (p. 3) | "Poles were fully responsible for killing between 10,000 and 20,000 Ukrainians (both OUN-UPA members and civilians) during and after World War II." |
Katarina Wolczuk | – | - | 15-30k | UK scholar. Cited by Marples. | |||
Katrina Witt | – | – | 15-30k | Ukrainian Memory and Victimhood, p101 | Cited Marples, who cites Wolczuk. | ||
Karta | unknown | unknown | – | 7.5k | "Polska-Ukraina", t.7, 2000, p. 159, cited by Kalishchuk: here [5] | ||
Zashkilniak L. and M. Krykun | – | – | 35k | Zashkilniak L., M. Krykun History of Poland: from ancient times to the present day / L. Over- Shkilnyak – Lviv, 2002. – p. 527 | Cited by Kalishchuk. | ||
Anna M. Cienciala | - | - | - | 20k | - | The Rebirth of Poland. University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor Anna M. Cienciala, 2004 | ...the Poles killed some 20,000 Ukrainians, mostly in former East Galicia in reprisal. |
George Liber | 2–20k | 1–4k | 8–20k | – | Total Wars and the Making of Modern Ukraine, 1914–1954 p. 237 | "In [1943–44], the Home Army and other Polish underground units killed 2,000 to 20,000 Ukrainians in Western Volhynia and another 1,000 to 4,000 in Galicia." |
Notes
- ↑ Hryciuk writes (quote): "Dotychczasowe ustalenia zdają się świadczyć, że straty bezpowrotne ludności polskiej na Wołyniu w latach 1941-1944 wynieść mogły 70 tys. osób, z czego około 35,7 do 60 tys. przypadałoby na polskie ofiary ukraińskiej "czystki etnicznej""
- ↑ Hryciuk writes (quote): "Po uwzględnieniu tej dokumentacji, a także informacji zaczerpniętych z powojennych relacji i wspomnień polskich mieszkańców Galicji Wschodniej, wstępny bilans strat polskich poniesionych w wyniku akcji nacjonalistycznych oddziałów ukraińskich w latach 1941-45 mógłby wynosić 20-25 tys. ofiar. Jak się wydaje, ogólna liczba strat ludności polskiej w 1941 roku nie przekroczyła zapewne 500-1000 osób. W latach 1943-1946 można ją szacować na około 20-24 tys. osób"
- ↑ Hryciuk writes (quote from p. 315): "Odwołując się do wyrywkowej i często niekompletnej dokumentacji polskiej, ukraińskiej i radzieckiej, uwzględniając także informacje zaczerpnięte z powojennych relacji i wspomnień polskich mieszkańców Galicji Wschodniej wstępny bilans strat polskich poniesionych w wyniku akcji nacjonalistycznych oddziałów ukraińskich na tym obszarze określić można w latach 1941-1946 na 20-25 tys. ofiar, z tego w 1943 r. - do około 2 tys., w 1944 r. 13-16 tys., 1945-1946 – 5-6 tys.; 3-3,5 tys. w woj. stanisławowskim, 5-6 tys. w woj. lwowskim i najwięcej - 12 do 15 tys. w woj. tarnopolskim."
References
- ↑ Timothy Snyder (2002). Jan-Werner Müller (ed.). Memory and Power. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 052100070X.
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ignored (help) - ↑ Snyder 2001.
- ↑ Himka, John-Paul (2010). "The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army: Unwelcome Elements of an Identity Project". Ab Imperio. 2010 (4): 83–101 [94]. doi:10.1353/imp.2010.0101. S2CID 130590374.
- ↑ Siemaszko, Ewa (2010). "Bilans zbrodni". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej. No. 7–8. Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
- 1 2 "Наукова періодика України - НБУВ Національна бібліотека України імені В. І. Вернадського" (PDF). www.nbuv.gov.ua. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ↑ Davies, Norman (24 February 2005). God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume II: 1795 to the Present. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199253401. Retrieved 2022-02-28 – via Google Books.
Bibliography
- Snyder, Timothy (2001). "To Resolve the Ukrainian Question Once and For All: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ukrainians in Poland, 1943–1947" (PDF). Working Paper #9. Yale University.
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