The South African Army maintains a wide variety of military equipment.

Infantry equipment

NameImageTypeCalibreOriginNotes
Pistols
Vektor Z88[1] Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  South Africa 15-round magazine. License-built Beretta 92F. Standard issue side arm since 1989 alongside the SP1.
Vektor SP1 Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  South Africa 15-round magazine. Standard issue side arm alongside the Z88 since 1992.
Submachine guns
Milkor BXP[2] Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum  South Africa 22 or 32-round magazines. An indigenously designed 9mm submachine gun similar in appearance to the MAC-10. In service since 1984.
Rifles
Vektor R4 and R5[3] Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO  South Africa 35-round magazine. Standard Service rifle since 1980. Can be fitted with various optical sights. Upgraded to a 21st century rifle in 2010 under Project African Warrior[4]
R1 (FN-FAL)[5] Designated marksman rifle / Battle rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  South Africa 20-round magazine. Former service rifle of the South African Army. Remaining rifles in service are used in and anti-poaching patrols and other made into designated marksman rifles.[6]
Denel NTW-20[7] Anti-materiel rifle 20×82mm 14.5×114mm  South Africa 3-round magazine. In service since 1998 by the South African Special Forces and Army Infantry sniper sections. Comes equipped with the 8 × 56 Lynx Telescopic sight.
Truvelo CMS[8] Sniper rifle .338 Lapua 12.7x99mm 7.62x51mm  South Africa Additional .338 Lapua, .50 cal and 7.62mm Truvelo CMS ordered by the South African Army in 2018.
Shotguns
Stoeger SP312[9] Pump-action shotgun 12 gauge  Turkey Used for crowd control.
Machine guns
Vektor SS-77[10] General-purpose machine gun SS-77: 7.62×51mm NATO  South Africa Belt-fed GPMG in service since 1986 alongside the FN MAG. 100-round pear-shaped pouch in general use, 200-round rigid box. Can use both non-disintegrating DM1 and NATO M13 or R1M1 disintegrating link belts.
FN MAG[11] General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  Belgium Belt-fed GPMG. Main automatic weapon of dismounted infantry sections. 100-round pear-shaped pouches in general use and 200-round disintegrating link metal belts. Can be mounted on a Tripod as well as vehicles.
Browning MG4 MMG[10] Medium machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  United States /  South Africa M1919A4 Browning Medium Machine gun modified by Lyttleton Engineering Works, now Denel Land Systems, to fire the 7.62×51mm round. It is Belt fed and generally fitted to armoured and infantry vehicles as well as certain helicopters as a secondary or tertiary armament.
M2 Browning[10] Heavy machine gun .50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO)  United States /  South Africa Belt fed machine gun mainly mounted on Tripods, armoured and infantry vehicles.
Grenade launchers
Milkor MGL[12][13] Grenade launcher 40×46mm grenade  South Africa The Milkor Y2 entered service in 1983 and the latest Milkor Y4 SuperSix entered service in 2019.
Denel Y3 AGL[12] Automatic grenade launcher High-velocity 40×53mm grenade  South Africa A belt-fed, high velocity, long-recoil, open-breech grenade launcher in service. Ideally used as a tripod-mounted support weapon for infantry or mounted on a vehicle. Electronic indirect sight and Aim point direct sight can be mounted.
Anti-tank weapons
RPG-7[14] Rocket-propelled grenade launcher N/A  Soviet Union Large numbers of RPG-7s were captured during the mid-1970s and are used as the primary infantry anti-armour rocket launcher and is deployed at section level for use against armoured vehicles. Currently the Army is looking for a replacement for this ageing system.
AT4[15] 84mm smoothbore recoilless rifle N/A  Sweden In testing as replacement for RPG-7
Carl Gustaf 8.4 cm M4[16] 84mm recoilless rifle N/A  Sweden In testing as replacement for RPG-7
M40 recoilless rifle[14] 105mm recoilless rifle N/A  United States A direct-fire, crew served weapon issued in units of six to the motorised and airborne infantry anti-tank platoons. 171 systems in service.
MILAN ER[17] Anti-tank guided missile N/A  France 46 Milan ADT (Advanced Digital Technology) launchers as well as 300+[18][19] Milan ER (extended range) SACLOS missiles are in service since 2007[20] with the Army’s airborne and motorised infantry battalions as well as with the Special Forces Brigade. Soldiers train on the four simulators acquired from MBDA. All systems are equipped with Video output devices and 15 launchers are equipped with Thermal imaging systems.
Denel Dynamics ZT3 Ingwe[21] Anti-tank guided missile N/A  South Africa Multipurpose long-range beam-riding precision guided missile. The missile is launched from a triple launcher atop a modified Ratel infantry combat vehicle, known as the ZT3. 13 launchers are upgraded and 80 newer ZT3A2 missiles were delivered to the army in 2005 as part of Project Adrift. The missile is used by the Armoured Corps and the Mechanized infantry battalions.
Grenades
M26[22] Fragmentation hand grenade N/A  South Africa Manufactured by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions, based on a US design. In service with the South African Army Infantry Formation.
RDM Illuminating Hand Grenade[23] Hand grenade N/A  South Africa A grenade which consists of an aluminium case containing the illuminating composition, to which is fitted a conventional fly-off lever striker mechanism. The illuminating grenade provides sufficient light for target identification and attack. The grenade

can also be used as a light source for emergency conditions when other pyrotechnic light sources are not available.

M854 Smoke Grenade[23] Smoke grenade N/A  South Africa A grenade which consists of a cylindrical tinplate body containing the smoke composition, a spring-loaded striker mechanism of the fly-off lever type and a pyrotechnic igniter/delay system. The fly-off lever is retained by a conventional safety pin and pull ring. The grenade has a variety of signalling applications and may also be used for screening and for

training exercises in riot control.

RDM Bullet Trap (BT) Rifle Grenades[24] Rifle grenade 54mm (HE/AP), 60mm (HE/DP)  South Africa Second generation South African rifle grenades manufactured by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions (formerly Swartklip Products, a division of Denel). The grenade incorporates a bullet trap and deflector in the tail tube. This allows them to be fired without the need to unload the rifle of its ammunition. Bullet Trap rifle grenades available includes HE/AP (High Explosive/Anti-Personnel), Practice and HE/DP (High Explosive/Dual Purpose) grenades. The HE/DP type has a shaped charge warhead which can penetrate 150 mm of rolled homogeneous armour or 450 mm of reinforced concrete. Grenades can be fired from both 5.56mm and 7.62mm rifles in the South African arsenal.
75mm HEAT rifle grenade[23] Rifle grenade 75mm HEAT  South Africa A shaped charge grenade, based on the Belgian ENERGA anti-tank rifle grenade and designed to be fired from most 7.62mm rifles. Can penetrate 275 mm of rolled homogeneous armour. Presumably largely phased out of South African service along with the large majority of 7.62mm R1 rifles. No longer in production.

Armoured vehicles

Name Image Type Quantity Origin Notes
Tanks
Olifant MK1A/1B/2[25] Main battle tank ~38 MK1A/1B and ~26 MK2 in regular army service
~131 in reserve squadrons/storage
2 Armoured Bridge-layers (ABL)
16 armoured recovery vehicles (ARV)		  South Africa A heavily modified and modernized Centurion tank.
The MK1A tanks were commissioned in 1985. The MK1Bs were commissioned in 1991 and the MK2 tanks were commissioned in 2007 by using some TTD tank part. Due to the age of the vehicles, a number of tanks were deemed to be unserviceable in the mid-2000s. To rectify this more than R 117 million was spent between 2008 and 2011 to maintain and upgrade the tank fleet to maintain optimal force readiness.[26]
Tank destroyers
Rooikat[27] Armoured fighting vehicle / Tank destroyer Active: 240

Reserve: 150

  South Africa Armoured car used for reconnaissance, aggressive search-and-destroy, anti-armour operations, combat patrols, raids and hot pursuit operations.[28]
Ratel ZT-3[29] Tank destroyer Active: 16
Reserve: 36		  South Africa Ratel IFV equipped with a triple ZT3 Ingwe ATGM launcher. Provides additional Anti-Tank capability to the Armoured Corps and Mechanized Infantry Battalions
Infantry fighting vehicles
Badger IFV[30] Infantry fighting vehicle On order: 244  South Africa According to the Project Hoefyster contract there will be five versions: a standard infantry carrier, a command car, fire support variant, mortar carrier and tank hunter.[31]
Ratel IFV[29] Infantry fighting vehicle Active: 534

Reserve: 666

  South Africa Primary armoured fighting vehicle in service with the South African Mechanized infantry units. Variants in service include the Ratel 20 (armed with a Denel GI-2 20mm cannon), Ratel 60 (armed with a 60mm breech-loading mortar), Ratel 90 (armed with a 90mm Denel GT-2 low-velocity gun), command variant, fire-support vehicle and an 81mm mortar carrier.
Armoured personnel carriers
Mamba Mk3[32] Armoured personnel carrier Active: 440

Reserve: 400

  South Africa Mine-resistant APC with significant protection against anti-tank mines and small arms fire.
Casspir[33] Mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle Active: 840

Reserve: 200

  South Africa IMV with significant protection against anti-tank mines and small arms fire. Comes in several variants: an armoured personnel carrier, ambulance, light cargo vehicle (Blesbok freighter), tanker, a fire support team vehicle(FISTV), a light recovery vehicle (Gemsbok) and a Plofadder mine clearing vehicle.

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Image Type Quantity Origin Notes
Gecko 8×8 ATV Rapid Deployment Logistical Vehicle[34] All-terrain utility vehicle ~100 in service  South Africa Canada Used by the Parachute Regiment and Special Forces.
SAMIL 20[35][36] 4×4 2-ton logistics truck Several thousand in service  South Africa Upgraded Magirus Deutz 130M7FAL 4×4 2-ton (load) truck. The trucks serve as the primary off-road light general purpose truck of the SANDF and comes in several variants, each fulfilling a different role. These include general cargo/fuel/troop transport variants, artillery fire control posts, variants with office and workshop bodies, a battery charger variant, a light recovery variant (designated "Pegasus") and a variant with a Light General Repair(LAD) rear body.
SAMIL 50[37][38] 4×4 5-ton logistics truck Several thousand in service  South Africa Upgraded Magirus Deutz 192D12AL 4×4 5-ton (load) truck. Trucks are utilised in different roles as personnel/cargo transporters, field repair and maintenance vehicles, water/fuel transporters, field recovery vehicles (variant designated as "Springbok"), refuse collection trucks, mobile showers, mobile offices, bridge transporters, radio and technical bins and pantry vehicles(with refrigeration capability).
SAMIL 100[39] 6×6 10-ton logistics truck Several thousand in service  South Africa Upgraded Magirus Deutz 320D22AL 6×6 10-ton (load) truck. Trucks are utilised in different roles as personnel/cargo transporters, water/fuel transporters, field recovery vehicles (variant designated as "Kameel"/Mine protected variant designated as "Withings"), dry canteen vehicles, field repair and maintenance vehicles (designated as "Waterbok"), UAV launchers, UAV recovery vehicles and gun tractors (for towed artillery pieces).
SHE Cavallo (Kynos Aljaba) Trucks[40] 8×8 heavy logistics truck Several thousand in service  South Africa The army employs several variants of this vehicle. The "Skimmel" is a heavy recovery vehicle which is fitted with a tow arm, a winch, a crane and various other equipment. The "Zebra" is a maintenance and repair variant of the truck. The "Kameelperd" version carries the Army Air Defence Artillery's ESR220 Thutlwa mobile battery fire control post and early warning radar. The trucks also have tank transport and bridge layer variants.
MAN Transportation Trucks[41] Logistics truck Unknown  Germany Primarily utilised as prime movers, firefighting vehicles and low-bed transporters.
Iveco 30-tonne transporter[42] Logistics truck Unknown  Italy Designated as "Giraffe". Used as a cargo/vehicle transporter.
Toyota Dyna[42]

Medium-duty truck Unknown

 Japan

 Designated as "Wildebees"
Scania transport buses Personnel transport bus Unknown  Sweden These buses are used to ferry personnel to and from bases.
Various cars and light trucks. Light armoured utility vehicles Unknown  South Africa Japan United States United Kingdom Various civilian utility vehicles are utilized by the army for light transport/patrol purposes (primarily Ford, Toyota and Land Rover vehicles).

Artillery

Name Image Type Quantity Origin Notes
Self-propelled artillery
GV6 Rhino[43] Self-propelled howitzer 43  South Africa Locally developed long range 155mm Self-Propelled Howitzer. South Africa received 153 GV6 howitzers between 2000-2010. Some were sold:
T5-52 Condor[44][45] Self-propelled howitzer 6  South Africa Locally developed long range 155mm Self-Propelled Howitzer.
Towed artillery
GV5 Leopard[46] Towed howitzer 72  South Africa Long-range towed 155mm howitzer. Small amounts of artillery pieces are used by the School of Artillery to train gun crews from multiple regiments.
GV1 25-pounder[47] Towed howitzer 32  United Kingdom GV1 88mm guns are still maintained in several reserve regiments such as the Cape Field Artillery regiment and the Transvaal Horse Artillery which they fire on ceremonial occasions.[47]
Rocket artillery
Bateleur Mk 2 127mm MRL[48] Multiple rocket launcher 25  South Africa The standard multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) of the South African Army Artillery Formation. 40 launch tubes mounted on an armoured Samil 100 6×6 truck.
Valkiri Mk 1 127mm MRL[48] Multiple rocket launcher 76  South Africa 24 launch tubes mounted on a Unimog light 4×4 truck.
Mortars
M4 Commando Mortar[49][50] 60mm light mortar 2300+  South Africa Uses the M-61 series of bombs in High Explosive, Smoke, Illumination and Practice versions. In use with the Special Forces and Airborne Infantry. Upgraded in 2016 with improved range and accuracy.[51]
M3 Mortar[49] 81mm medium mortar 1890  South Africa 1890 mortars in service with the South African Army Infantry Formation.
M5 120mm Mortar 120mm long range mortar 36  Israel 36 mortars are in service with 18 Light Regiment

Air defence

Name Image Type Quantity Origin Notes
Surface-to-air missiles
Umkhonto GBADS[52] Surface-to-air missile system In testing  South Africa Up to 120 systems planned. The Umkhonto GBADS vertical launching system is being developed for the South African Army’s ground-based air defence system (GBADS) requirement. The Umkhonto GBADS can carry up to eight Umkhonto-R and Umkhonto-IR (Infrared) Mk II missiles.
Starstreak[53] Manportable/Vehicle mounted surface-to-air missile 178  United Kingdom Eight Lightweight Multiple Launchers (LML), two 20 km-range Thales Page continuous-wave (CW) low-observable battery air defence local warning radars as well as about 100 VSHORAD (very short range air defence) high-velocity missiles were ordered in December 2002 and are in use with 10 Air Defence Artillery Regiment. These missiles have a range of between 5–7 km. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute lists the number of Portable SAMs delivered as 96 for the GBADS phase 1 project with another order for 82[54]
Anti-aircraft guns
Oerlikon GDF[55] Radar guided anti-aircraft autocannon 169   Switzerland /  Germany 169 acquired (along with 75 Super Fledermaus fire control units) These guns were upgraded by Rheinmetall AG in 2017 to use Oerlikon Skyshield fire control systems and Ahead airburst ammunition capable of shooting down modern aerial threats.[56]
ZU-23-2 Zumlac[57] Twin 23mm anti aircraft autocannon 36  Soviet Union These guns were captured in the 1980s during the South African Border War and are mounted on armoured SAMIL 100 heavy trucks.

Miscellaneous equipment

Name Image Type Quantity Origin Notes
Seeker 400[58] Unmanned aerial vehicle 36  South Africa The Seeker 400 is the latest variant of the Seeker UAVs manufactured by South Africa's Denel Dynamics. SANDF Took delivery of the first Seeker 400 in 2015, in 2021 a SANDF Seeker 400 crashed.[59]
ATE Vulture[60] Unmanned aerial vehicle At least 4  South Africa Acquired under Project Klooster. The Vulture is used for target acquisition, fall-of-shot detection and fire correction in support of Towed and Self Propelled Gun Howitzer Systems of the SA Army Artillery Formation. It operates without a pilot or a runway and is deployable in 30 minutes in unprepared terrain. The UAV is launched from a catapult on the back of a SAMIL 100 truck. The Vulture is monitored on the ground via the Navigator and Observer screens in a Ground Control Station. A laser system is used for automated approach, an arrestor system for its capture and an inflatable airbag for its recovery.
Husky VMMD[61] Vehicle mounted mine detection system  South Africa A system designed to clear routes of mines. Usually they operate in pairs one after the other. The leading vehicle acts as a Mine Detection Vehicle (MDV) and is designated as "Meerkat". The second Husky in the system tows a trailer called a "Duisendpoot" and is known as a towing /mine detection vehicle (T/MDV). The latest version of the Husky, the 2G, has high sensitivity low metal content detectors, ground penetrating radar, powerful air blowers and a robotic arm.
ESR220 Thutlwa[62] Mobile battery fire control post and early warning radar 4  South Africa Designated as "Kameelperd". The system uses an L-band 2D surveillance radar to provide early warning to air defence artillery troops in the field. This fully autonomous armoured system (with self-contained power plant)is transported by a Spanish-designed Kynos Aljaba 8×8 (“Skimmel” in SANDF service) truck. It is capable of tracking aircraft in a 120 km radius and can be fully operational within 10 minutes of arrival at the deployment site. The system also provides for a combined air picture derived from primary radar(through utilisation of Link-ZA, the SANDF's data link system), as well as a command and control system for effective air defence control.
Thales Squire radar system[63] Battlefield surveillance radar 14  France Acquired in 2012 under Project Cytoon. The radars are designed to plot a pedestrian at 10 km, a vehicle at 21 km, a tank at 28 km, a helicopter at 21 km, a boat at 12 km and a ship at 48 km. The radar system uses a frequency modulated continuous wave Doppler radar and is designed to be virtually undetectable by enemy electronic warfare equipment. All systems are in service with the SA Army Tactical Intelligence Corps.
Thales Sophie man-portable system[63] Thermal imager 65  France Acquired in 2012 under Project Cytoon. The Thales Sophie can spot humans at over 4 km, tanks at 10 km, helicopters at 12 km and jet fighters at 16 km. All systems are in service with the SA Army Tactical Intelligence Corps.
LOCATS[61] Low cost aerial target systems Unknown  South Africa The LOCATS is an unmanned aerial target used to train Air Defence Artillery crews in gunnery. It is launched from a ramp fitted on the back of a flatbed truck and is recovered by parachute.

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 1-84065-245-4.
  3. ↑ "home". Army.mil.za. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2014-04-23. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
  4. ↑ "Denel showcases a 21st Century R4 assault rifle at AAD". defenceWeb. 2010-09-24. Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  5. ↑ "Fact file: R1 battle rifle | defenceWeb". Archived from the original on 2014-05-04. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
  6. ↑ "Pursuing poachers, and tourism, to boost Mozambique's conservation". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
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  8. ↑ "Truvelo launches new AMRIS 20x42 mm rifle". defenceWeb. 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
  9. ↑ Helfrich, Kim (2020-06-05). "Shotgun training for crowd control". defenceWeb. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
  10. 1 2 3 "home". Army.mil.za. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2014-04-19. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
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  12. 1 2 "Weapon Systems: infantry - Grenade Launchers". Army.mil.za. RSA Dept of Defence. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  13. ↑ Martin, Guy (2020-10-09). "Milkor Y4 grenade launcher project handed over to SA Army". defenceWeb. Retrieved 2023-01-29.
  14. 1 2 "weapon systems: infantry - Anti Tank weapons". Army.mil.za. RSA Dept of Defence. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2013-07-05. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
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  16. ↑ Martin, Guy (2022-11-25). "Largest SA Army exercise in decades wraps up". defenceWeb. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  17. ↑ "Fact file: MBDA Milan precision guided misile [sic]". defenceWeb. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
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  19. ↑ Leon Engelbrecht (24 May 2011). "SA Army stocks up on Milan 3". Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016. The SANDF has ordered an undisclosed further number of Milan missiles..The R57 990 630.80 purchase order was awarded to Euromissile [sic] last week. It takes the known value of Project Kingfisher – according to the Armscor Bulletin System (ABS) – to R271 076 483.37...The Kingfisher contract was placed on December 20, 2006, and initially escaped media notice. In March 2009 the military ordered a further 13 Milan ADT firing posts and four simulators under a contract worth €10.7 million (about R129.3 million at then exchange rates, but R81.5 million on the ABS.
  20. ↑ Leon Engelbrecht (8 October 2008). "SA Army, SOF "operationalising" MILAN". Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016. The launchers were received in 1974, but were placed in storage in 1996. SA employed the MILAN in combat in southern Angola in the 1980s. Under Project Kingfisher, 30 launchers were upgraded to Milan ADT-ER status and 300 missiles were acquired for R167.4 million.
  21. ↑ "Fact file: Denel ZT3 Ingwe precision guided missile". defenceWeb. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
  22. ↑ "Fact File: M26 fragmentation hand grenade". DefenceWeb. Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
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  29. 1 2 "Weapon Systems: Armour - Ratel". Army.mil.za. RSA Dept of Defence. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2014-04-24. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
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  31. ↑ "South africa 8x8 APC". Archived from the original on 2018-02-26. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
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  33. ↑ "Vehicles - Casspir". Army.mil.za. RSA Dept of Defence. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2013-07-06. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
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  41. ↑ "Imperial keeps SANDF MAN trucks running". defenceweb.co.za. DefenceWeb. 16 August 2011. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
  42. 1 2 "Vehicles - Technical support vehicles". army.mil.za. SA Army: SA Dept of Defence. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-12-01.
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  44. ↑ Martin, Guy (2018-01-05). "South African Army artillery deal confirmed". defenceWeb. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  45. ↑ "home". 2014-04-24. Archived from the original on 2014-04-24. Retrieved 2023-04-25.
  46. ↑ "Fact file: G5 L45 towed gun-howitzer". defenceWeb. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
  47. 1 2 Col (Ret) Lionel Crook. "South African Gunner" (PDF). rfdiv.mil.za. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-13. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
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  49. 1 2 "Weapon Systems: Infantry: Mortars". www.army.mil.za. SA Department of Defence. 2010-12-13. Archived from the original on 2014-12-27. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
  50. ↑ Heitman, Helmoed-Römer (1988). Krygstuig van Suid Afrika. Cape Town: Struik. ISBN 086977638X.
  51. ↑ "Denel Land Systems upgrades mortars". defenceWeb. 2016-11-02. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
  52. ↑ "Umkhonto Ground-Based Launcher System". Army Technology. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  53. ↑ "ADA fires Starstreak". defenceWeb. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-16.
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  58. ↑ "New UAV orders for Denel Dynamics". defenceWeb. 2018-09-14. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  59. ↑ "South African Seeker 400 UAV crash * Military Africa". Military Africa. 2021-03-12. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
  60. ↑ Engelbrecht, Leon. "Cytoon spending up to R134.6m". defenceweb.co.za. defenceweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
  61. 1 2 "SANDF bringing out the big guns for the rand show". defenceWeb. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
  62. ↑ "Thutlwa makes international debut". defenceWeb. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-03.
  63. 1 2 Engelbrecht, Leon. "Cytoon handed to the Army". defenceweb.co.za. defenceweb.co.za. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
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