Earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990 is located in Earth
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
List of earthquakes in 1990
Approximate epicenters of the earthquakes in 1990
Strongest magnitude7.8 Mw  Indonesia
7.8 Mw  Philippines
Deadliest7.4 Mw  Iran
50,000 Deaths
Total fatalities51,821
Number by magnitude
9.0+0
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.917
6.0–6.9130
← 1989
1991 →

This is a list of earthquakes in 1990. Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage and/or casualties, or are notable for some other reason. All dates are listed according to UTC time.

By death toll

Rank Death toll Magnitude Location MMI Depth (km) Date
1 50,000 7.4 Iran Iran, Gilan X (Extreme) 18.5 June 21
2 1,621 7.8 Philippines Philippines, Luzon IX (Violent) 25.1 July 16
3 126 6.5 China China, Qinghai IX (Violent) 8.1 April 26
4 21 6.6 Iran Iran IX (Violent) 10.6 November 6
5 19 5.6 Italy, Sicily VII (Very strong) 11.1 December 13
6 14 7.0 Romania Romania, Vrancea VIII (Severe) 89.3 May 30

By magnitude

Rank Magnitude Death toll Location MMI Depth (km) Date
1 7.8 5 Indonesia Indonesia VII (Very strong) 25.7 April 18
1 7.8 1,621 Philippines Philippines IX (Violent) 25.1 July 16
3 7.6 0 Fiji Fiji unreported 33.2 March 3
3 7.6 0 Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands V (Moderate) 11.4 April 5
5 7.4 50,000 Iran Iran X (Extreme) 18.5 June 21
6 7.3 0 Costa Rica Costa Rica VIII (Severe) 22.2 March 25
7 7.2 0 Russia Russia III (Weak) 605.7 May 12
7 7.2 0 Sudan South Sudan VIII (Severe) 14.9 May 20
7 7.2 0 Vanuatu Vanuatu VII (Very strong) 125.7 July 27
10 7.1 0 Vanuatu Vanuatu VI (Strong) 20.7 March 5
10 7.1 0 Sudan South Sudan VIII (Severe) 16.0 May 24
10 7.1 0 Indonesia Indonesia III (Weak) 588.9 May 24
10 7.1 8 Philippines Philippines VIII (Severe) 18.1 June 14
10 7.1 0 Vanuatu Vanuatu VII (Very strong) 140.4 August 12
10 7.1 0 United States United States, Alaska unreported 24.8 November 6
16 7.0 14 Romania Romania VIII (Severe) 89.3 May 30
16 7.0 0 Peru Peru III (Weak) 598.8 October 17

Listed are earthquakes with at least 7.0 magnitude.

By month

January

January
Strongest magnitude6.5 Mw  Tonga
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.90
6.0–6.910
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
4[1]  Tonga, Niuatoputapu, 118 km east northeast of Hihifo 6.5 53.5 - - - -
5[2]  Mexico, Jalisco, 189 km southwest of La Cruz de Loreto 6.0 33.0 - - - -
6[3] South Indian Ocean 6.0 14.8 - - - -
8[4]  United States, Alaska, 107 km south southwest of Nikolski 6.0 33.0 - - - -
9[5]  Myanmar, 120 km east of Wangjing, India 6.3 119.2 V - - -
14[6]  China, northern Qinghai 6.0 12.2 VII - - -
14[7]  New Zealand, Kermadec Islands 6.1 58.3 - - - -
18[8]  New Zealand, Kermadec Islands 6.0 13.4 - - - -
20[9]  Iran, Tehran, 36 km east of Soleh Bon 6.0 24.5 VII Slight damage occurred in Firuzkuh. - -
22[10]  Indonesia, Aceh, 28 km south of Meulaboh 6.2 45.7 V - - -

February

February
Strongest magnitude6.9 Mw  Vanuatu
Deadliest6.8 Mw  Philippines
6 deaths
Total fatalities6
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.90
6.0–6.911
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
2[11]  Fiji, Viti Levu, 84 km southwest of Nadi 6.0 10.0 V - - -
5[12]  Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province, 42 km east northeast of Jurm 6.3 109.9 VI Slight damage occurred in Khorog, in neighboring Tajikistan. - -
8[13]  Philippines, Central Visayas, 13 km south southwest of Bacong 6.8 25.9 VII After the 1990 Bohol Sea earthquake, six fatalities were reported and more than 200 people were injured. About 46,000 people were displaced by the event. This event damaged at least ₱154 million to properties.[14][15] Anomalously large tsunami waves reportedly impacted Camiguin Island.[16] 6 200
8[17]  Philippines, Central Visayas, 6 km south southwest of Bacong 6.6 30.3 VI Aftershock of the 6.8 magnitude earthquake that struck the same area minutes ago. - -
10[18]  New Zealand, 90 km north of Amberley 6.0 9.8 VII Slight damage occurred in the Canterbury Region. - -
17[19]  Japan, Miyazaki, 80 km south southeast Koshima 6.1 65.9 III - - -
19[20]  New Zealand, 41 km east of Palmerston North 6.3 24.3 VII Over $440,000 worth of damage occurred in Palmerston North. - -
19[21]  Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, 83 km west of Luganville 6.9 12.1 VIII - - -
20[22]  Japan, Shizuoka, 28 km east of Shimoda 6.4 14.2 VII - - -
24[23]  Tonga, Niuatoputapu, 161 km west northwest of Hihifo 6.2 33.0 - - - -
26[24]  Easter Island region 6.1 14.2 - - - -
28[25]  United States, California, 6 km north northeast of Claremont 5.5 3.3 VII The 1990 Upland earthquake left some buildings damaged and 30 people injured. - 30

March

March
Strongest magnitude7.6 Mw  Fiji
Deadliest6.1 Mw  Pakistan
11 deaths
Total fatalities12
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.93
6.0–6.911
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
3[26]  Fiji, south of Fiji Islands 7.6 33.2 IV - - -
3[27]  Fiji, south of Fiji Islands 6.2 33.0 I - - -
3[28]  New Caledonia, southeast of Loyalty Islands 6.6 33.0 I - - -
4[29]  Pakistan, Balochistan, 27 km west southwest of Kalat 6.1 10.1 VIII In Kalat, eleven deaths and 40 injuries were reported. Many homes were damaged. 11 40
5[30]  Vanuatu, Shefa, 69 km north of Port-Vila 7.1 20.7 VI - - -
5[31]  Afghanistan, 62 km east of Khandad 6.2 12.2 VII - - -
12[32]  United States, Alaska, 97 km southwest of Atka 6.4 13.8 IV - - -
15[33]  Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, 20 km east southeast of Port Olry 6.5 132.3 V - - -
16[34]  Mexico, Sinaloa, 72 km south southwest of El Huitusi 6.1 10.0 V - - -
21[35]  New Zealand, Kermadec Islands 6.6 144.8 I - - -
25[36]  Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 11 km east of Paquera 6.4 26.6 VIII Foreshock of the 7.3 magnitude earthquake that struck the same area minutes later. - -
25[37]  Costa Rica, Puntarenas, 7 km south southeast of Puntarenas 7.3 22.2 VIII The earthquake was also felt in other countries like Nicaragua and Panama. Ten people were injured by the earthquake. About 60 buildings were severely damaged. Several landslides blocked the roads in San José area.[38] - 10
25[39]  Afghanistan, 56 km east of Khandad 6.3 33.0 VI Slight damage occurred in villages near the Pamir Mountains. - -
26[40]  Philippines, Surigao del Norte, 5 km northeast of Jagupit 5.9 39.2 VI One person died and 2 were injured in Santiago. 1 2
31[41]  Russia, 102 km south of Shikotan 6.0 21.0 I - - -

April

February
Strongest magnitude7.8 Mw  Indonesia
Deadliest6.5 Mw  China
126 deaths
Total fatalities131
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.92
6.0–6.919
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
2[42]  United Kingdom, Wales 4.7 10.0 V The 1990 Bishop's Castle earthquake left damage to several buildings. - -
3[43]  Papua New Guinea, eastern New Guinea region 6.2 88.2 V - - -
3[44]  Nicaragua, Carazo, 36 km south southwest of La Conquista 6.8 52.5 VII - - -
5[45]  Northern Mariana Islands, 198 km east of Saipan 7.6 11.4 V - - -
6[46]  South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, South Sandwich Islands region 6.0 33.0 I - - -
6[47]  Northern Mariana Islands, 197 km east of Saipan 6.3 15.5 I - - -
9[48]  Fiji, south of the Fiji Islands 6.0 17.4 I - - -
11[49]  Japan, Kyoto, 11 km east northeast of Maizuru 6.1 362.3 III - - -
17[50]  China, Xinjiang, 93 km west of Kashgar 6.0 13.0 VI Two people were injured and many houses collapsed in Wuqia County. - 2
17[51] central Mid-Atlantic Ridge 6.1 10.0 I - - -
18[52]  Indonesia, Sulawesi, 75 km north northwest of Gorontalo 7.8 25.7 VII The earthquake damaged several houses and buildings. Five people died, while 36 others injured.[53] 5 36
18[54]  Indonesia, Sulawesi, 86 km north of Gorontalo 6.5 19.1 V Aftershock of the 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck the same area few hours ago. - -
19[55]  Indonesia, Sulawesi, Minahasa 6.0 33.0 IV Aftershock of the 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck Indonesia on April 18. - -
19[56]  Indonesia, Sulawesi, 75 km north northeast of Gorontalo 6.5 23.7 VI Aftershock of the 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck the same area on April 18. - -
21[57]  Chile, 15 km west northwest of Coronel 6.3 11.9 VII - - -
26[58]  China, Qinghai, 148 km west southwest of Xining 6.3 10.0 VIII Foreshock of the 1990 Gonghe earthquake - -
26[59]  China, Qinghai, 143 km west southwest of Xining 6.2 10.0 VIII Foreshock of the 1990 Gonghe earthquake - -
26[60]  China, Qinghai, 153 km west southwest of Xining 6.5 8.1 IX The 1990 Gonghe earthquake leaves 126 dead and 2,049 injured. Several homes and buildings collapsed and were damaged. 126 2,049
26[61]  China, Qinghai, 141 km west southwest of Xining 6.3 9.6 VIII Aftershock of the 1990 Gonghe earthquake - -
26[62]  Indonesia, Sulawesi, 63 km north northwest of Gorontalo 6.0 24.4 V Aftershock of the 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck the same area on April 18. - -
28[63]  Costa Rica, Puntarenas 8 km south southeast of Ciudad Cortés 6.4 22.7 VII - - -
30[64]  Norway, Bouvet Island region 6.0 10.0 I - - -

May

May
Strongest magnitude7.2 Mw  Russia
7.2 Mw Sudan South Sudan
Deadliest7.0 Mw  Romania
14 deaths
Total fatalities14
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.95
6.0–6.917
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
1[65]  United States, Alaska, 19 km south southeast King Salmon 6.6 252.0 IV - - -
2[66]  Papua New Guinea, West New Britain, 6 km south southeast Kimbe 6.4 81.6 VI - - -
8[67]  Panama, Chiriquí, 127 km south southeast Punta de Burica 6.5 9.6 - - - -
9[68]  South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, South Sandwich Islands region 6.0 33.0 - - - -
11[69] North Korea North Korea, 67 km southeast of Rajin 6.3 578.5 - - - -
12[70]  Russia, 16 km west southwest of Uglegorsk 7.2 605.7 III - - -
13[71]  New Zealand, 39 km east southeast of Palmerston North 6.4 20.6 VII - - -
14[72]  Chile, Maule, 18 km east of Linares 6.2 75.9 V - - -
15[73]  Afghanistan, 77 km southeast of Farkh?r 6.0 113.1 IV - - -
15[74]  Indonesia, Sulawesi, 105 km west of Tomohon 6.0 29.7 V - - -
20[75]  Sudan, Central Equatoria, 69 km east northeast of Juba 7.2 14.9 VIII - - -
20[76]  Tonga, Vava'u, 135 km west northwest of Neiafu 6.3 232.2 - - - -
20[77]  New Zealand, south of the Kermadec Islands 6.1 345.6 - - - -
22[78]  Chile, West Chile Rise 6.1 33.0 - - - -
24[79] Sudan South Sudan, Central Equatoria, 54 km north northeast of Juba 6.5 16.5 VIII - - -
24[80] Sudan South Sudan, Central Equatoria, 63 km north northeast of Juba 7.1 16.0 VIII The earthquake was reported to have done substantial damage to private housing and government institutions at Terakeka which is 60 km north of Juba. The damage made by the earthquake was minimal. No loss of lives reported. In Juba, minor cracking of the walls of some older buildings reported.[81] - -
24[82]  Indonesia, West Manggarai, 135 km north northeast of Labuan Bajo 7.1 588.9 III - - -
29[83]  United States, Alaska, 155 km south southeast of Akhiok 6.1 10.0 - - - -
30[84]  Peru, 6 km east southeast of Segunda Jerusalén - Azunguillo 6.6 24.2 VII - - -
30[85]  Romania, 5 km west of Nistore?ti 7.0 89.3 VIII The 1990 Vrancea earthquakes killed 14 people and injured 362 others. Landslides were reported. Total damage of loss in Romania was $16 million, while $2 million total damage were reported in Moldova and Bulgaria. $24 million insured losses in Romania. The earthquake killed nine people in Romania. Four people died and several others injured in Moldova, while in northern Bulgaria, one person died from heart attack. The earthquake also injured some people in Ukraine. 14 362
31[86]  Romania, 2 km south southwest of Nistore?ti 6.3 88.2 V
31[87]  Mexico, Guerrero 7 km northeast of Nuxco 6.0 22.6 VI - - -

June

June
Strongest magnitude7.4 Mw  Iran
Deadliest7.4 Mw  Iran
50,000 deaths
Total fatalities50,008
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.92
6.0–6.910
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
1[88]  Japan, near the east coast Honshu 6.3 67.0 VI - - -
7[89]  Papua New Guinea, 68 km northeast of Angoram 6.5 29.3 VI - - -
8[90]  Fiji, Ovalau, 219 km east southeast of Levuka 6.5 499.2 - - - -
14[91]  Philippines, Western Visayas, 0 km east southeast of Union 7.1 18.1 VIII The 1990 Panay earthquake left heavy damage to several buildings in Panay Island. It also left several structures collapsed. Upliftments were recorded in some barangays. Landslides were recorded along the slope of Mt. Madya-as. The earthquake killed eight people and injured 41.[92] 8 41
14[93]  Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, 47 km north northeast of Zaysan 6.6 57.9 VI - - -
15[94]  Papua New Guinea, East New Britain, 79 km south southwest of Kokopo 6.0 60.1 V - - -
16[95]  Japan, Okinawa, 153 km north of Nago 6.0 27.0 - - - -
17[96]  Pakistan, Balochistan, 99 km west southwest of Khuzdar 6.1 14.5 VII - - -
21[97]  Iran, 23 km north of Manjil 7.4 18.5 IX The 1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake killed up to 50,000 people, injured 105,000 people and displaced 400,000 people in Iran.[98] The earthquake caused widespread damage in Iran. 50,000 105,000
23[99]  Papua New Guinea, Manus, 180 km north northwest of Lorengau 6.2 23.9 - - - -
23[100]  Tonga, Tongatapu, 139 km west southwest of Haveluloto 6.9 180.5 - - - -
23[101]  Fiji, south of the Fiji Islands 6.3 586.8 - - - -

July

July
Strongest magnitude7.8 Mw  Philippines
Deadliest7.8 Mw  Philippines
1,621 deaths
Total fatalities1,621
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.92
6.0–6.910
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
9[102] Sudan South Sudan, Central Equatoria, 60 km north of Juba 6.6 12.6 VIII - - -
10[103]  Solomon Islands, Makira, 88 km west of Kirakira 6.4 66.3 VI - - -
11[104]  Fiji, south of the Fiji Islands 6.0 584.8 - - - -
11[105]  Fiji, south of the Fiji Islands 6.0 589.8 - - - -
13[106]  Afghanistan, Badakhshan Province, 50 km east northeast of Jurm 6.4 216.8 IV The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Lenin Peak, killing 43 mountaineers. 43 -
14[107]  Ascension Island, north of Ascension Island 6.6 11.1 - - - -
16[108]  Philippines, Luzon, 4 km east of Macapsing 7.8 25.1 IX The 1990 Luzon earthquake caused widespread damage in the Philippines. The earthquake produced a 125 km-long ground rupture that stretched from Dingalan, Aurora to Kayapa, Nueva Vizcaya. The event was a result of strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault within the Philippine Fault System.[109] At least 1,621 people were killed in the earthquake.[110][111] 1,621 3,513
17[112]  Philippines, Luzon, 10 km east southeast of Ambuclao 6.1 18.3 VII Aftershock of the 1990 Luzon earthquake - -
17[113]  Philippines, Luzon, 14 km north northwest of Salinas 6.5 23.1 VI Aftershock of the 1990 Luzon earthquake - -
22[114]  Fiji, south of the Fiji Islands 6.3 531.3 - - - -
27[115]  Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, 37 km east northeast of Luganville 7.2 125.7 VII - - -

August

August
Strongest magnitude7.1 Mw  Vanuatu
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.91
6.0–6.913
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
2[116]  Chile, Coquimbo, 49 km west of Illapel 6.0 35.8 VI - - -
3[117]  Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, 55 km west of Zaysan 6.2 33.4 VI - - -
5[118]  Japan, Izu Islands 6.5 469.2 - - - -
5[119]  Japan, 43 km east of ?arai 6.1 26.6 V - - -
5[120]  Ascension Island, north of Ascension Island 6.4 10.0 - - - -
10[121]  Indonesia, North Maluku 143 km west southwest of Ternate 6.2 53.2 - - - -
12[122]  Vanuatu, Tanna, 19 km northwest of Isangel 7.1 140.4 VII - - -
14[123] northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge 6.3 10.0 - - - -
16[124]  China, Xinjiang, 157 km south southwest of Turpan 6.2 0.0 - This earthquake was a Nuclear Explosion[124] - -
17[125]  Solomon Islands, Makira, 78 km south of Kirakira 6.7 29.1 VI - - -
18[126] Mid Indian-Ridge 6.2 10.0 - - - -
18[127]  Indonesia, Sumatra, 232 km northwest of Sabang 6.0 29.1 - - - -
21[128]  Easter Island region 6.0 10.5 - - - -
25[129]  Indonesia, North Maluku 147 km west southwest of Ternate 6.4 11.3 - - - -

September

September
Strongest magnitude6.7 Mw  Vanuatu
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.90
6.0–6.913
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
2[130]  Ecuador, Pedernales, 34 km southwest of Pedernales 6.6 14.2 VII - - -
2[131]  Papua New Guinea, Manus, 166 km southeast of Lorengau 6.0 22.8 - - - -
8[132]  Tonga, Lifuka, 83 km south southeast of Pangai 6.0 33.0 - - - -
9[133]  Papua New Guinea, East New Britain, 110 km south southwest of Kokopo 6.0 73.8 V - - -
14[134]  South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, South Sandwich Islands region 6.0 33.0 - - - -
17[135] Macquarie Island region 6.4 10.0 - - - -
23[136]  Tonga, Niuatoputapu, 108 km north of Hihifo 6.0 33.0 - - - -
23[137]  Vanuatu, Shefa, 74 km west of Port-Vila 6.4 10.0 V - - -
23[138]  Indonesia, Maluku, 289 km west southwest of Tual 6.5 33.0 - - - -
23[139]  Japan, 153 km south southeast of ?yama 6.5 10.0 IV - - -
23[140]  Japan, 162 km south southeast of ?yama 6.2 10.0 - - - -
28[141]  Vanuatu, Vanua Lava, 62 km northwest of Sola 6.7 176.0 V - - -
30[142]  Japan, Okinawa, 62 km south of Hirara 6.1 35.0 - - - -

October

October
Strongest magnitude7.0 Mw  Peru
Total fatalities0
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.91
6.0–6.95
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
10[143]  Bolivia, Oruro, 68 km south southeast of Challapata 6.6 266.0 - - - -
10[144]  Fiji, south of the Fiji Islands 6.1 548.5 - - - -
15[145]  Indonesia, southwest of Sumatra 6.8 32.2 - - - -
17[146]  Peru, Madre de Dios 130 km west of Iñapari 7.0 598.8 III - - -
25[147]  Philippines, Caraga 13 km east of Tidman 6.5 44.1 VI - - -
26[148] southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge 6.1 10.0 - - - -

November

November
Strongest magnitude7.1 Mw  United States
Deadliest6.6 Mw  Iran
21 deaths
Total fatalities21
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.91
6.0–6.97
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
6[149]  Iran, 105 km east southeast of D?r?b 6.6 10.6 IX The earthquake killed at least 21 people and over 90 injured. Houses were destroyed. Buildings received major damage.[150] 21 90
6[151]  United States, Alaska 231 km west northwest of Attu Station 7.1 24.8 - - - -
12[152]  Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, Issyk-Kul Region 35 km northwest of Tyup 6.4 19.1 VII - - -
15[153]  Indonesia, Aceh 84 km southwest of Langsa 6.7 48.4 VII - - -
21[154]  United States, Alaska 206 km east southeast of Atka 6.0 33.0 - - - -
22[155]  Papua New Guinea, West New Britain 94 km east of Kimbe 6.3 28.7 VI - - -
23[156]  Colombia, Quindío 7 km north of Salento 6.1 144.6 IV - - -
29[157]  New Zealand, Kermadec Islands region 6.1 415.0 - - - -

December

December
Strongest magnitude6.4 Mw  Tonga
Deadliest5.6 Mw Italy
19 deaths
Total fatalities20
Number by magnitude
8.0–8.90
7.0–7.90
6.0–6.94
5.0–5.9?
4.0–4.9?
Date Country and location Mw Depth (km) MMI Notes Casualties
Dead Injured
5[158]  Indonesia, Maluku, 158 km west northwest of Tual 6.1 75.1 - - - -
10[159]  Papua New Guinea, Hela, 74 km west of Tari 6.0 32.4 VI - - -
11[160]  Tonga, Niuatoputapu, 90 km northeast of Hihifo 6.4 12.8 - - - -
13[161] Italy, Sicily, 20 km east northeast of Augusta 5.6 11.1 VII The 1990 Carlentini earthquake killed 19 people and injured 200 people. Carlentini was the worst hit, where members of five families were killed when their homes collapsed. Several buildings, structures and houses collapsed and were destroyed.[162] 19 200
22[163]  Costa Rica, 2 km north northeast of Santiago 6.0 17.3 VI The earthquake killed one person, injured 299 people and left 14,000 people homeless. Cost of damage estimated $19.5 million. The earthquake left some structures serious damage.[164] 1 299

See also

References

  1. ↑ "M 6.5 - 118 km ENE of Hihifo, Tonga". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  2. ↑ "M 6.0 - 189 km SW of La Cruz de Loreto, Mexico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  3. ↑ "M 6.0 - South Indian Ocean". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  4. ↑ "M 6.0 - 107 km SSW of Nikolski, Alaska". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  5. ↑ "M 6.3 - 120 km E of W?ngjing, India". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  6. ↑ "M 6.0 - northern Qinghai, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  7. ↑ "M 6.1 - Kermadec Islands, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  8. ↑ "M 6.0 - Kermadec Islands, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  9. ↑ "M 6.0 - 36 km E of Soleh Bon, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  10. ↑ "M 6.2 - 28 km S of Meulaboh, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  11. ↑ "M 6.0 - 84 km SW of Nadi, Fiji". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  12. ↑ "M 6.3 - 42 km ENE of Jurm, Afghanistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  13. ↑ "M 6.8 - 13 km E of Bacong, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  14. ↑ "THE 1990 BOHOL EARTHQUAKE: TSUNAMI OBSERVATIONS AND EFFECTS AT BOHOL ISLAND, PHILIPPINES [2011]". agris.fao.org. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  15. ↑ "1990 February 08 Bohol Earthquake". www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  16. ↑ Besana, G. M.; Daligdig, J. A.; Abigania, M. T.; Talisic, J. E.; Evangelista, N. (2004). "Insights on the 1990 Bohol Tsunamigenic Earthquake, Bohol Island, Philippines". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2004. Bibcode:2004AGUFM.S11A1004B. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  17. ↑ "M 6.6 - 6 km ESE of Bacong, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  18. ↑ "M 6.0 - 90 km N of Amberley, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  19. ↑ "M 6.1 - 80 km SSE of Koshima, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  20. ↑ "M 6.3 - 41 km E of Palmerston North, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  21. ↑ "M 6.9 - 83 km W of Luganville, Vanuatu". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  22. ↑ "M 6.4 - 28 km E of Shimoda, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  23. ↑ "M 6.2 - 161 km WNW of Hihifo, Tonga". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  24. ↑ "M 6.1 - Easter Island region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  25. ↑ "M 5.5 - 6km NNE of Claremont, CA". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  26. ↑ "M 7.6 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  27. ↑ "M 6.2 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  28. ↑ "M 6.6 - southeast of the Loyalty Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  29. ↑ "M 6.1 - 27 km WSW of Kalat, Pakistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  30. ↑ "M 7.1 - 69 km SSW of Port-Vila, Vanuatu". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  31. ↑ "M 6.2 - 62 km E of Khand?d, Afghanistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  32. ↑ "M 6.4 - 97 km SW of Atka, Alaska". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  33. ↑ "M 6.5 - 20 km ESE of Port-Olry, Vanuatu". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  34. ↑ "M 6.1 - 72 km SSW of El Huitusi, Mexico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  35. ↑ "M 6.6 - Kermadec Islands region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  36. ↑ "M 6.4 - 11 km E of Paquera, Costa Rica". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  37. ↑ "M 7.3 - 7 km SSE of Puntarenas, Costa Rica". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  38. ↑ "Today in Earthquake History". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  39. ↑ "M 6.3 - 56 km E of Khand?d, Afghanistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  40. ↑ "M 5.9 - 5 km ENE of Jagupit, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov.
  41. ↑ "M 6.0 - 102 km S of Shikotan, Russia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  42. ↑ "M 4.7 - 4 km NNE of Presteigne, United Kingdom". Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  43. ↑ "M 6.2 - eastern New Guinea region, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  44. ↑ "M 6.8 - 36 km SSW of La Conquista, Nicaragua". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  45. ↑ "M 7.6 - 198 km E of Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  46. ↑ "M 6.0 - South Sandwich Islands region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  47. ↑ "M 6.3 - 197 km E of Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  48. ↑ "M 6.0 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  49. ↑ "M 6.1 - 11 km ENE of Maizuru, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  50. ↑ "M 6.0 - 93 km W of Kashgar, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  51. ↑ "M 6.1 - central Mid-Atlantic Ridge". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  52. ↑ "M 7.8 - 75 km NNW of Gorontalo, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  53. ↑ "Indonesia Earthquake Apr 1990 UNDRO Information Reports 1 - 2". April 19, 1990. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  54. ↑ "M 6.5 - 86 km N of Gorontalo, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  55. ↑ "M 6.0 - Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  56. ↑ "M 6.5 - 75 km NNE of Gorontalo, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  57. ↑ "M 6.3 - 15 km WNW of Coronel, Chile". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  58. ↑ "M 6.3 - 148 km WSW of Xining, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  59. ↑ "M 6.2 - 143 km WSW of Xining, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  60. ↑ "M 6.5 - 153 km WSW of Xining, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  61. ↑ "M 6.3 - 141 km WSW of Xining, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  62. ↑ "M 6.0 - 63 km NNW of Gorontalo, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  63. ↑ "M 6.4 - 8 km SSE of Ciudad Cortés, Costa Rica". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  64. ↑ "M 6.0 - Bouvet Island region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  65. ↑ "M 6.6 - 19 km SSE of King Salmon, Alaska". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  66. ↑ "M 6.4 - 6 km SSE of Kimbe, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  67. ↑ "M 6.5 - 127 km SSE of Punta de Burica, Panama". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  68. ↑ "M 6.0 - South Sandwich Islands region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  69. ↑ "M 6.3 - 67 km SE of Rajin, North Korea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  70. ↑ "M 7.2 - 16 km WSW of Uglegorsk, Russia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  71. ↑ "M 6.4 - 39 km E of Palmerston North, New Zealand". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  72. ↑ "M 6.2 - 18 km ESE of Linares, Chile". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  73. ↑ "M 6.0 - 77 km SE of Farkh?r, Afghanistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  74. ↑ "M 6.0 - 105 km W of Tomohon, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  75. ↑ "M 7.2 - 69 km ENE of Juba, South Sudan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  76. ↑ "M 6.3 - 135 km WNW of Neiafu, Tonga". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  77. ↑ "M 6.1 - south of the Kermadec Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  78. ↑ "M 6.1 - West Chile Rise". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  79. ↑ "M 6.5 - 54 km NNE of Juba, South Sudan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  80. ↑ "M 7.1 - 63 km NNE of Juba, South Sudan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  81. ↑ "Sudan Earthquake May 1990 UNDRO Information Reports 1-2". reliefweb.int. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
  82. ↑ "M 7.1 - 135 km NNE of Labuan Bajo, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  83. ↑ "M 6.1 - 155 km SSE of Akhiok, Alaska". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  84. ↑ "M 6.6 - 6 km ESE of Segunda Jerusalén - Azunguillo, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  85. ↑ "M 7.0 - 5 km W of Nistore?ti, Romania". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  86. ↑ "M 6.3 - 2 km SSW of N?ruja, Romania". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  87. ↑ "M 6.0 - 7 km NE of Nuxco, Mexico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  88. ↑ "M 6.3 - near the east coast of Honshu, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  89. ↑ "M 6.5 - 68 km NE of Angoram, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  90. ↑ "M 6.5 - 219 km ESE of Levuka, Fiji". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  91. ↑ "M 7.1 - 0 km ESE of Union, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  92. ↑ "1990 June 14 Ms7.1 Panay Earthquake". Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS). 14 June 1990.
  93. ↑ "M 6.6 - 47 km NNE of Zaysan, Kazakhstan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  94. ↑ "M 6.0 - 79 km SSW of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  95. ↑ "M 6.0 - 153 km N of Nago, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  96. ↑ "M 6.1 - 99 km WSW of Khuzdar, Pakistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  97. ↑ "M 7.4 - 23 km N of P?deg?n-e Manj?l, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  98. ↑ "PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  99. ↑ "M 6.2 - 180 km NNW of Lorengau, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  100. ↑ "M 6.9 - 139 km WSW of Haveluloto, Tonga". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  101. ↑ "M 6.3 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  102. ↑ "M 6.6 - 60 km N of Juba, South Sudan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  103. ↑ "M 6.4 - 88 km W of Kirakira, Solomon Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  104. ↑ "M 6.0 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  105. ↑ "M 6.0 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  106. ↑ "M 6.4 - 50 km S of Jurm, Afghanistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  107. ↑ "M 6.6 - north of Ascension Island". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  108. ↑ "M 7.7 - 4 km E of Macapsing, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  109. ↑ "The July 16 Luzon Earthquake: A Technical Monograph". Inter-Agency Committee for Documenting and Establishing Database on the July 1990 Earthquake. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. 2001. Archived from the original on August 15, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  110. ↑ The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2008: 140th Anniversary Edition. United States: World Almanac Education Group Inc. 2008. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-60057-072-8.
  111. ↑ John W. Wright, ed. (2008). The New York Times 2008 Almanac. United States: Penguin Group. pp. 753. ISBN 978-0-14-311233-4.
  112. ↑ "M 6.1 - 10 km ESE of Ambuclao, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  113. ↑ "M 6.5 - 14 km NNW of Salinas, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  114. ↑ "M 6.3 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  115. ↑ "M 7.2 - 37 km ENE of Luganville, Vanuatu". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  116. ↑ "M 6.0 - 49 km W of Illapel, Chile". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  117. ↑ "M 6.2 - 55 km N of Zaysan, Kazakhstan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  118. ↑ "M 6.5 - Izu Islands, Japan region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  119. ↑ "M 6.1 - 43 km E of ?arai, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  120. ↑ "M 6.4 - north of Ascension Island". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  121. ↑ "M 6.2 - 143 km WSW of Ternate, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  122. ↑ "M 7.1 - 19 km NW of Isangel, Vanuatu". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  123. ↑ "M 6.3 - northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  124. 1 2 "M 6.2 Nuclear Explosion - 157 km SSW of Turpan, China". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  125. ↑ "M 6.7 - 78 km S of Kirakira, Solomon Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  126. ↑ "M 6.2 - Mid-Indian Ridge". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  127. ↑ "M 6.0 - 232 km NW of Sabang, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  128. ↑ "M 6.0 - Easter Island region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  129. ↑ "M 6.4 - 147 km WSW of Ternate, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  130. ↑ "M 6.6 - 34 km SW of Pedernales, Ecuador". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  131. ↑ "M 6.0 - 166 km SE of Lorengau, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  132. ↑ "M 6.0 - 83 km SSE of Pangai, Tonga". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  133. ↑ "M 6.0 - 110 km SSW of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  134. ↑ "M 6.0 - South Sandwich Islands region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  135. ↑ "M 6.4 - Macquarie Island region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  136. ↑ "M 6.0 - 108 km N of Hihifo, Tonga". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  137. ↑ "M 6.4 - 74 km W of Port-Vila, Vanuatu". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  138. ↑ "M 6.5 - 289 km WSW of Tual, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  139. ↑ "M 6.5 - 153 km SSE of ?yama, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  140. ↑ "M 6.2 - 162 km SSE of ?yama, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  141. ↑ "M 6.7 - 62 km NW of Sola, Vanuatu". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  142. ↑ "M 6.1 - 62 km S of Hirara, Japan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  143. ↑ "M 6.6 - 68 km SSE of Challapata, Bolivia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  144. ↑ "M 6.1 - south of the Fiji Islands". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  145. ↑ "M 6.8 - southwest of Sumatra, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  146. ↑ "M 7.0 - 130 km W of Iñapari, Peru". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  147. ↑ "M 6.5 - 13 km E of Tidman, Philippines". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  148. ↑ "M 6.1 - southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  149. ↑ "M 6.6 - 105 km ESE of D?r?b, Iran". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  150. ↑ "Iran Earthquake Nov 1990 UNDRO Information Reports 1 - 3". reliefweb.int. 7 November 1990. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  151. ↑ "M 7.1 - 231 km WNW of Attu Station, Alaska". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  152. ↑ "M 6.4 - 35 km NW of Tyup, Kyrgyzstan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  153. ↑ "M 6.7 - 84 km SW of Langsa, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  154. ↑ "M 6.0 - 206 km ESE of Atka, Alaska". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  155. ↑ "M 6.3 - 94 km E of Kimbe, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  156. ↑ "M 6.1 - 7 km N of Salento, Colombia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  157. ↑ "M 6.1 - Kermadec Islands region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  158. ↑ "M 6.1 - 158 km WNW of Tual, Indonesia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  159. ↑ "M 6.0 - 74 km W of Tari, Papua New Guinea". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  160. ↑ "M 6.4 - 90 km NE of Hihifo, Tonga". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  161. ↑ "M 5.6 - 20 km ENE of Augusta, Italy". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  162. ↑ "Earthquake Hits Eastern Sicily, 19 Killed". apnews.com. December 14, 1990. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
  163. ↑ "M 6.0 - 2 km NNE of Santiago, Costa Rica". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  164. ↑ "Costa Rica - Earthquake Dec 1990 UNDRO Situation Reports 1-2". reliefweb.int. 30 December 1990. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
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