This is a list of the census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada by population, using data from the 2021 Canadian census and the 2016 Canadian census.[1] Each entry is identified as a census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) as defined by Statistics Canada.

A city's metropolitan area in colloquial or administrative terms may be different from its CMA as defined by Statistics Canada, resulting in differing populations. Such is the case with the Greater Toronto Area, where its metro population is notably higher than its CMA population due to its inclusion of the neighbouring Oshawa CMA to the east and the Burlington portion of the neighbouring Hamilton CMA to the west.[2]

In 2021, 27,465,137 people (71.9% of Canada's population) lived in a CMA, while 4,596,279 (12.0%) lived in a CA.

Recent growth

Between 2016 and 2021, the five CMAs with the highest percentage growth were located in British Columbia and Southern Ontario. The five CMAs with the lowest percentage growth were in Quebec, Alberta, Northern Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador. There were no CMAs for which negative growth was recorded in the 2021 census. The five CAs that grew the fastest were in British Columbia, Southern Ontario, and Alberta, while the five CAs whose population declined the most were in New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Northern British Columbia, Manitoba and Newfoundland and Labrador.

Between 2011 and 2016, the six fastest-growing CMAs by percentage growth were located in Western Canada, with Alberta's two CMAs, Calgary and Edmonton, leading the country. Saskatoon, Regina, and Lethbridge rounded out the top five in the country and each grew by at least 10%. Of the remaining 30 CMAs, population growth was recorded in all but two of them. Those that experienced population decline were Brantford and Saint John.[3][4][5] Ten of the fifteen fastest-growing CAs in Canada between the two most recent censuses were located in Alberta. The other five were located in British Columbia with two, and Manitoba, Ontario and Yukon each with one.

Between 2006 and 2011, twenty-four CAs experienced population decline. The fifteen CAs that experienced the greatest population decline were located in British Columbia (two), Manitoba (one), New Brunswick (one), Nova Scotia (three), Ontario (four) and Quebec (four). Okotoks experienced the greatest increase while Thompson experienced the greatest decline.[3][4]

List

Canada had 41 CMAs and 111 CAs at the 2021 census. The number of CMAs increased from 35 in 2016 with the promotion of the Nanaimo, Kamloops, Chilliwack, Fredericton, Drummondville and Red Deer CAs.[6] Overall, between promotion to CMA, absorption, and dissolution, the number of CAs decreased by seven. Amos was reinstated as a CA and Ladysmith, Trail and Essa were added as new CAs. The Carleton Place and Arnprior CAs were dissolved as they were added to the Ottawa–Gatineau CMA, the Leamington CA was dissolved as it was added to the Windsor CMA, and the Cold Lake and Bay Roberts CAs were dissolved as their urban population decreased below 10,000. 2016 rankings in the chart below are based on 2021 boundaries and exclude the five CAs dissolved in 2021 but include the four new/reinstated CAs.

Canada had 35 CMAs and 117 CAs at the 2016 census. The number of CMAs increased from 33 in 2011 with the promotion of the Belleville and Lethbridge CAs.[7] The number of CAs increased from 113 through the creation of eight new CAs – Arnprior, Carleton Place, Gander, Nelson, Sainte-Marie, Wasaga Beach, Weyburn and Winkler – the demotion of two CAs – Amos and Temiskaming Shores – and the promotion of Belleville and Lethbridge to CMAs.[7]

Rank (2021)Rank (2016)Geographic nameProvinceTypePopulationChangeLand area (km2)[8]Population density (/km2)
(2021)[8](2016)[8]
11TorontoOntarioCMA6,202,225 5,928,040 +4.63%5902.751,050.7
22MontrealQuebecCMA4,291,732 4,104,074 +4.57%4670.10919.0
33VancouverBritish ColumbiaCMA2,642,825 2,463,431 +7.28%2878.93918.0
45Ottawa–GatineauOntario/QuebecCMA1,488,307 1,371,576 +8.51%8046.99185.0
54CalgaryAlbertaCMA1,481,806 1,392,609 +6.41%5098.68290.6
66EdmontonAlbertaCMA1,418,118 1,321,441 +7.32%9416.19150.6
77Quebec CityQuebecCMA839,311 806,406 +4.08%3499.46239.8
88WinnipegManitobaCMA834,678 783,099 +6.59%5285.46157.9
99HamiltonOntarioCMA785,184 747,545 +5.04%1373.15571.8
1010Kitchener–Cambridge–WaterlooOntarioCMA575,847 523,894 +9.92%1092.33527.2
1111LondonOntarioCMA543,551 494,069 +10.02%2661.48204.2
1212HalifaxNova ScotiaCMA465,703 426,932 +9.08%7276.2264.0
1313St. Catharines–NiagaraOntarioCMA433,604 406,074 +6.78%1397.09310.4
1414WindsorOntarioCMA422,630 398,718 +6.00%1803.17234.4
1515OshawaOntarioCMA415,311 379,848 +9.34%903.25459.8
1616VictoriaBritish ColumbiaCMA397,237 367,770 +8.01%695.29571.3
1717SaskatoonSaskatchewanCMA317,480 295,095 +7.59%5864.4854.1
1818ReginaSaskatchewanCMA249,217 236,695 +5.29%4323.6657.6
1919SherbrookeQuebecCMA227,398 212,105 +7.21%1458.10156.0
2022KelownaBritish ColumbiaCMA222,162 194,892 +13.99%2902.4576.5
2121BarrieOntarioCMA212,856 197,059 +8.02%897.26237.2
2220St. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCMA212,579 208,418 +2.00%931.56228.2
2323Abbotsford–MissionBritish ColumbiaCMA195,726 180,518 +8.42%606.72322.6
2426KingstonOntarioCMA172,546 161,175 +7.06%1919.1789.9
2524Greater SudburyOntarioCMA170,605 165,958 +2.80%4187.4040.7
2628GuelphOntarioCMA165,588 151,984 +8.95%595.08278.3
2725SaguenayQuebecCMA161,567 161,520 +0.03%3133.5351.6
2827Trois-RivièresQuebecCMA161,489 156,042 +3.49%1038.64155.5
2929MonctonNew BrunswickCMA157,717 144,810 +8.91%2562.4761.5
3030BrantfordOntarioCMA144,162 134,203 +7.42%1074.00134.2
3131Saint JohnNew BrunswickCMA130,613 126,202 +3.50%3505.6637.3
3232PeterboroughOntarioCMA128,624 121,721 +5.67%1508.4485.3
3334LethbridgeAlbertaCMA123,847 117,394 +5.50%2958.9641.9
3433Thunder BayOntarioCMA123,258 121,621 +1.35%2550.7948.3
3535NanaimoBritish ColumbiaCMA115,459 104,936 +10.03%1279.2890.3
3636KamloopsBritish ColumbiaCMA114,142 103,811 +9.95%5654.0820.2
3740ChilliwackBritish ColumbiaCMA113,767 101,512 +12.07%1444.0278.8
3837Belleville–Quinte WestOntarioCMA111,184 103,401 +7.53%1337.5083.1
3938FrederictonNew BrunswickCMA108,610 102,690 +5.76%6014.6618.1
4039Chatham-KentOntarioCA104,316 102,042 +2.23%2464.5242.3
4143DrummondvilleQuebecCMA101,610 97,149 +4.59%1094.3692.8
4241Red DeerAlbertaCMA100,844 100,418 +0.42%104.34966.5
4342Cape BretonNova ScotiaCA98,318 98,722 −0.41%2457.2140.0
4444SarniaOntarioCA97,592 96,151 +1.50%1117.2087.4
4546GranbyQuebecCA90,833 85,056 +6.79%494.10183.8
4645Prince GeorgeBritish ColumbiaCA89,490 86,622 +3.31%17650.995.1
4749Kawartha LakesOntarioCA79,247 75,423 +5.07%3033.6626.1
4851CharlottetownPrince Edward IslandCA78,858 71,821 +9.80%1112.4370.9
4947Sault Ste. MarieOntarioCA76,731 78,159 −1.83%802.5895.6
5048Medicine HatAlbertaCA76,376 76,522 −0.19%13106.115.8
5150Wood BuffaloAlbertaCA73,837 73,325 +0.70%60957.211.2
5252North BayOntarioCA71,736 70,378 +1.93%5314.8513.5
5353NorfolkOntarioCA67,490 64,044 +5.38%1597.6842.2
5455VernonBritish ColumbiaCA67,086 61,324 +9.40%1041.0964.4
5554Grande PrairieAlbertaCA64,141 63,166 +1.54%132.71483.3
5658CourtenayBritish ColumbiaCA63,282 57,950 +9.20%624.33101.4
5756CornwallOntarioCA61,415 59,699 +2.87%509.21120.6
5857Saint-HyacintheQuebecCA59,980 58,201 +3.06%259.38231.2
5960BrandonManitobaCA54,268 51,807 +4.75%1232.8144.0
6059RimouskiQuebecCA53,944 53,498 +0.83%772.9369.8
6161VictoriavilleQuebecCA52,936 51,336 +3.12%378.10140.0
6262JolietteQuebecCA52,706 49,439 +6.61%108.66485.1
6363ShawiniganQuebecCA49,620 49,349 +0.55%729.9868.0
6465DuncanBritish ColumbiaCA47,582 44,451 +7.04%373.22127.5
6567PentictonBritish ColumbiaCA47,380 43,534 +8.83%1734.7227.3
6671WoodstockOntarioCA46,705 41,098 +13.64%56.46827.2
6764TruroNova ScotiaCA46,157 45,753 +0.88%2732.5316.9
6866Prince AlbertSaskatchewanCA45,718 44,160 +3.53%2537.6818.0
6972Salaberry-de-ValleyfieldQuebecCA42,787 40,745 +5.01%108.56394.1
7068Rouyn-NorandaQuebecCA42,313 42,334 −0.05%5963.577.1
7170Sorel-TracyQuebecCA41,934 41,629 +0.73%170.31246.2
7269TimminsOntarioCA41,145 41,788 −1.54%2955.3313.9
7373Campbell RiverBritish ColumbiaCA40,704 37,861 +7.51%1734.0523.5
7474LloydminsterAlberta/SaskatchewanCA36,508 36,736 −0.62%1984.2418.4
7575Moose JawSaskatchewanCA34,872 35,053 −0.52%843.4441.3
7677Saint-GeorgesQuebecCA34,833 34,176 +1.92%365.2195.4
7776New GlasgowNova ScotiaCA34,397 34,487 −0.26%2066.4716.6
7878Val-d'OrQuebecCA34,037 33,871 +0.49%3539.989.6
7982OrilliaOntarioCA33,411 31,166 +7.20%28.531,171.1
8080StratfordOntarioCA33,232 31,470 +5.60%30.021,107.0
8179Owen SoundOntarioCA32,712 31,820 +2.80%624.1852.4
8286WinklerManitobaCA32,655 30,297 +7.78%872.1937.4
8392WhitehorseYukonCA31,913 28,225 +13.07%8465.213.8
8481BrockvilleOntarioCA31,661 31,200 +1.48%576.8754.9
8583BathurstNew BrunswickCA31,387 31,110 +0.89%2100.0514.9
8693Centre WellingtonOntarioCA31,093 28,191 +10.29%409.4175.9
8788ParksvilleBritish ColumbiaCA31,054 28,922 +7.37%81.81379.6
8887OkotoksAlbertaCA30,405 29,016 +4.79%38.55788.7
8985AlmaQuebecCA30,331 30,771 −1.43%194.92155.6
9089Rivière-du-LoupQuebecCA30,025 28,902 +3.89%543.0255.3
9184Corner BrookNewfoundland and LabradorCA29,762 30,969 −3.90%1122.5826.5
9291Fort St. JohnBritish ColumbiaCA28,729 28,396 +1.17%617.7346.5
9395Thetford MinesQuebecCA28,287 27,564 +2.62%405.9269.7
9499MidlandOntarioCA27,894 25,826 +8.01%60.75459.2
9590Sept-ÎlesQuebecCA27,729 28,534 −2.82%1750.4415.8
9696MiramichiNew BrunswickCA27,593 27,518 +0.27%7564.063.6
9798CranbrookBritish ColumbiaCA27,040 26,068 +3.73%4563.875.9
9897KentvilleNova ScotiaCA26,929 26,222 +2.70%607.0544.4
9994Baie-ComeauQuebecCA26,643 27,692 −3.79%682.8939.0
100100Port AlberniBritish ColumbiaCA25,786 24,669 +4.53%1633.1315.8
101107Wasaga BeachOntarioCA24,862 20,675 +20.25%57.42433.0
102105CollingwoodOntarioCA24,811 21,793 +13.85%33.15748.4
103110SquamishBritish ColumbiaCA24,232 19,893 +21.81%105.43229.8
104101PembrokeOntarioCA23,814 23,269 +2.34%553.4043.0
105103Williams LakeBritish ColumbiaCA23,608 23,113 +2.14%12422.141.9
106102QuesnelBritish ColumbiaCA23,113 23,146 −0.14%21708.621.1
107106EssaOntarioCA22,970 21,083 +8.95%279.9282.1
108104EdmundstonNew BrunswickCA22,144 21,955 +0.86%1582.3614.0
109112CobourgOntarioCA20,519 19,440 +5.55%22.41915.6
110111YellowknifeNorthwest TerritoriesCA20,340 19,569 +3.94%103.37196.8
111120Sainte-Agathe-des-MontsQuebecCA19,892 18,010 +10.45%210.9694.3
112109YorktonSaskatchewanCA19,859 19,927 −0.34%1623.3212.2
113121Salmon ArmBritish ColumbiaCA19,705 17,904 +10.06%165.42119.1
114113TerraceBritish ColumbiaCA19,606 19,160 +2.33%9721.842.0
115108North BattlefordSaskatchewanCA19,374 20,052 −3.38%1118.5417.3
116119NelsonBritish ColumbiaCA19,119 18,307 +4.44%1224.3015.6
117116AmosQuebecCA18,873 18,872 +0.01%2298.168.2
118117CamroseAlbertaCA18,772 18,742 +0.16%41.67450.5
119118Swift CurrentSaskatchewanCA18,745 18,536 +1.13%1129.7816.6
120127TillsonburgOntarioCA18,615 15,872 +17.28%22.20838.5
121114MataneQuebecCA18,474 18,894 −2.22%865.8721.3
122122PetawawaOntarioCA18,160 17,187 +5.66%164.70110.3
123123SummersidePrince Edward IslandCA18,157 16,831 +7.88%125.12145.1
124115Dawson CreekBritish ColumbiaCA17,878 18,890 −5.36%11716.801.5
125124Powell RiverBritish ColumbiaCA17,825 16,783 +6.21%799.8022.3
126126SteinbachManitobaCA17,806 16,022 +11.13%37.56474.1
127125Port HopeOntarioCA17,294 16,753 +3.23%278.8062.0
128129Sylvan LakeAlbertaCA16,514 15,302 +7.92%24.25681.0
129136CanmoreAlbertaCA15,990 13,992 +14.28%68.47233.5
130132LadysmithBritish ColumbiaCA15,501 14,572 +6.38%412.0137.6
131128Dolbeau-MistassiniQuebecCA15,306 15,750 −2.82%647.7523.6
132139CowansvilleQuebecCA15,234 13,656 +11.56%46.87325.0
133130KenoraOntarioCA14,967 15,096 −0.85%211.6570.7
134133BrooksAlbertaCA14,924 14,451 +3.27%18.21819.5
135137StrathmoreAlbertaCA14,339 13,756 +4.24%26.98531.5
136141High RiverAlbertaCA14,324 13,594 +5.37%22.19645.5
137134TrailBritish ColumbiaCA14,268 14,196 +0.51%279.1351.1
138147LachuteQuebecCA14,100 12,862 +9.63%108.66129.8
139135Grand Falls-WindsorNewfoundland and LabradorCA13,853 14,171 −2.24%54.84252.6
140148IngersollOntarioCA13,693 12,757 +7.34%12.731,075.6
141143Prince RupertBritish ColumbiaCA13,442 13,462 −0.15%3303.634.1
142145GanderNewfoundland and LabradorCA13,414 13,234 +1.36%2412.675.6
143146LacombeAlbertaCA13,396 13,057 +2.60%20.59650.6
144131CampbelltonNew BrunswickCA13,330 14,679 −9.19%1525.458.7
145144Portage la PrairieManitobaCA13,270 13,304 −0.26%24.72536.8
146142Sainte-MarieQuebecCA13,134 13,565 −3.18%107.55122.1
147138ThompsonManitobaCA13,035 13,678 −4.70%16.62784.3
148140EstevanSaskatchewanCA12,798 13,615 −6.00%793.3616.1
149149WetaskiwinAlbertaCA12,594 12,655 −0.48%18.75671.7
150150WeyburnSaskatchewanCA12,247 12,055 +1.59%828.2814.8
151151HawkesburyOntario/QuebecCA12,010 11,974 +0.30%12.91930.3
152152Elliot LakeOntarioCA11,372 10,741 +5.87%696.0616.3

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2016 and 2011 censuses (table). 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. Retrieved February 19, 2017.
  2. ↑ "What's the difference between the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and CMA Toronto (census metropolitan area)?". Computing in the Humanities and Social Sciences University of Toronto. May 9, 2001. Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2011 and 2006 censuses (table). 2011 Census". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
  4. 1 2 "The Canadian Population in 2011: Population Counts and Growth" (PDF) (PDF). Statistics Canada. February 2012. pp. 13–17. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
  5. ↑ "The Daily — Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  6. ↑ "Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021 | Changes to the name and number of CMAs and CAs for the 2021 Census". Statistics Canada. 2021-11-17. Archived from the original on 2023-04-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03. For the 2021 Census, Fredericton (N.B.), Drummondville (Que.), Red Deer (Alta.), Kamloops (B.C.), Chilliwack (B.C.) and Nanaimo (B.C.), which were all CAs in 2016, became CMAs, while Saint‑Hyacinthe (Que.) is now subdivided into census tracts because its core population was at least 50,000 in the previous census. Five new CAs were created: Sainte‑Agathe‑des‑Monts (Que.), Amos (Que.), Essa (Ont.), Trail (B.C.) and Ladysmith (B.C.). ... The CAs of Bay Roberts (N.L.), and Cold Lake (Alta.) were retired because the population of their cores dropped below 10,000 in 2016.
  7. 1 2 "Statistical Area Classification - Variant of SGC 2016 (Census metropolitan area and census agglomeration)". Statistics Canada. November 16, 2016. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016. There are 35 CMAs and 117 CAs in 2016. Two new CMAs were created: Belleville (Ont.) and Lethbridge (Alta.). Eight new CAs were created: Gander (N.L.), Sainte-Marie (Que.), Arnprior (Ont.), Carleton Place (Ont.), Wasaga Beach (Ont.), Winkler (Man.), Weyburn (Sask.) and Nelson (Alta.). The CAs of Amos (Que.) and Temiskaming Shores (Ont.) were retired because the population of their cores dropped below 10,000 in 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 "Population and dwelling counts: Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions (municipalities)1". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2022-02-09. Retrieved 2023-06-07.
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