Firefly (species unknown) with and without flash.
Foxfire in the fungus Panellus stipticus
Noctiluca scintillans, a bioluminescent dinoflagellate
Bioluminescence is the production of light by living organisms. This list of bioluminescent organisms is organized by the environment, covering terrestrial, marine, and microorganisms.
Terrestrial animals
- certain arthropods
- fireflies
- click beetle specific types (e.g. Pyrophorini, Balgus, Campyloxenus, etc.)
- glow worms
- certain mycetophilid flies
- certain centipedes such as Geophilus carpophagus[1]
- certain millipedes such as Motyxia[2]
- a terrestrial mollusc (a tropical land snail)
- annelids
Marine animals
Fish
Invertebrates
Artist's rendering of Antarctic krill
- A deep sea species of carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae)[4]
- Many cnidarians
- Certain Ctenophores or "comb jellies"
- Some tunicates:
- Certain echinoderms (e.g. Ophiurida)
- Amphiura filiformis
- Ophiopsila aranea
- Ophiopsila californica
- Amphipholis squamata
- Bioluminescent species are known from the following orders of crustaceans:[10][11][12]
- Two species of chaetognaths
- Annelida
- Genus Tomopteris
- Genus Swima
- Mollusca
- Certain clams, bivalves
- Certain nudibranchs, sea slugs
- few sea snails, such as Hinea brasiliana
- Certain cephalopods
- Certain Octopuses
- Vampire squid
- Many Teuthida (squid)
Freshwater animals
- Latia, a genus of four species of freshwater snail
Fungi
Bacteria
- Photorhabdus luminescens
- Certain species of the family Vibrionaceae (e.g. Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio harveyi, Photobacterium phosphoreum)
- Certain species of the family Shewanellaceae, (e.g. Shewanella hanedai and Shewanella woodyi)
Other microorganisms
References
- ↑ Geophilus carpophagus – a centipede – Family: Geophilidae Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Plant Press. Retrieved on 20 October 2011.
- ↑ Myriapods: strange millipedes Archived 2 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Herper.com. Retrieved on 20 October 2011.
- ↑ "Nitric oxide in control of luminescence from hatchetfish (Argyropelecus hemigymnus) photophores". JEB. Journal of Experimental Biology. 25 July 2005.
- ↑ Bioluminescence in an Undescribed Species of Carnivorous Sponge (Cladorhizidae) From the Deep Sea
- ↑ Life in the Open Ocean: The Biology of Pelagic Species
- ↑ Bioluminescent Marine Plankton
- ↑ The Intrinsic Origin of Bioluminescence in the Ascidian, Clavelina miniata
- ↑ Ecological substrate in midwater: Doliolula equus, a new mesopelagic tunicate
- ↑ A putative chordate luciferase from a cosmopolitan tunicate indicates convergent bioluminescence evolution across phyla
- ↑ Bioluminescence in decapod Crustacea
- ↑ Bioluminescence: Chemical Principles And Methods
- ↑ Bioluminescent Marine Plankton
- ↑ "Gasparich, Sara. The Concentration and Distribution of Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates in Vieques, Puerto Rico" (PDF). 20th Annual Keck Symposium. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
- ↑ Schiro, Danielle; Eigner, Rachel (2008). "A Knight in Shining Armor". Pyrocystis fusiformis. University of Wisconsin - La Crosse. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
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