This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

Algeria

Location of Kabylie

Kabylia

The Kabyle independence movement is supported by the Kabyle people, a Berber ethnic group. Kabylia was an independent from colonial Algeria until it was annexed in 1857. Supporters of independence from the region are opposed to the perceived Arabization policies pursued by the Algerian government.[5]

Kabylia is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States[6]

Angola

Central-Eastern Angola

  • Ethnic group: Lunda-Tchokwé people
    • Proposed state: Democratic republic of Lunda-Tchokwé
    • Government-in-exile: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé,[7][8]
    • Political party: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé[9]
    • Advocacy groups: Mulher Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé , Pioneiros Unidos da Lunda-Tchokwé, Juventude Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé, Manifesto Jurídico Sociológico do Povo Lunda-Tchokwé[10]

Cabinda

Cabinda is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States[6]

Benin

Republic of Oduduwa

Botswana

Map of Zambesia

Ngamiland

Cameroon

Proclaimed Ambazonian territory

 Ambazonia

 Ambazonia is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States[6]

Bakassi

Bakassi

Central African Republic

  Territories under control of FPRC around 2021
Areas claimed by Dar al-Kuti

Dar El Kuti (Republic of Logone)

Dar El Kuti is a self-proclaimed state supported by the Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC), a Muslim rebel movement in the Central African Republic.[22]

Republic of the Congo

South Congo (Brazzaville)

  • Ethnic group: South Congolese
    • Advocacy group: Provisional Assembly and governance of the State of South Congo
    • Proposed state: State of South Congo[23][24]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Bas-Congo

Katanga in green

 Katanga

Eritrea

Southern Red Sea Region

Map of Dankalia, Saho, and Kunama

Equatorial Guinea

Bioko

Annobón

Ethiopia

Map of the regions and zones of Ethiopia
Ogaden
Greater Somalia including Ogaden

 Ogaden ( Somali Region)

Oromia

 Oromia

Tigray region

Tigray

Sidama region

 Sidama

Amhara

 Amhara[35][36]

France

Map of Réunion
Map of Mayotte

Réunion

Secessionist movements:
  • Political party: Lorganizasion Popilèr po Libèr nout Péi (Lplp) – Popular Front for National Liberation: composed of Nasion Rénioné, Mar, Drapo rouz, Patriot rénioné and Mir.
  • Political party: Communist Party of Réunion
  • Proposed state: Republic of Réunion or Republic of Zabon

Mayotte continues to have autonomist and separatist movements despite the island having voted to become France's 101st department in 2011.[37]

Ghana

Map of the Togoland

Western Togoland

Kenya

Mombasa

Mombasa

Rift Valley, Western Province, Nyanza

Libya

Cyrenaica in Libya

Cyrenaica[45]

Fezzan

Mali

Map of Azawad, as claimed by the MNLA.
Dark grey dots indicate regions with a Tuareg majority.

 Azawad

Mauritius

Location of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean

Rodrigues

Morocco

Rifian speaking regions of Morocco (yellow)

 Rif

Started in Morocco during the 1920s,[52][53] and was revitalized in 2013.[54] The Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States.[54]

Namibia

Map of the Caprivi

Caprivi Strip

Rehoboth area

Nigeria

 Biafra

Republic of Oduduwa

Map of Nigeria numerically showing states typically considered part of the Niger Delta region: 1. Abia, 2. Akwa Ibom, 3. Bayelsa, 4. Cross River, 5. Delta, 6. Edo, 7.Imo, 8. Ondo, 9. Rivers

Niger Delta[61]

Arewa (Northern Nigeria, Area of the Sharia Law

Arewa[67]

Rivers State

Senegal

 Casamance

Somalia

Political map of Somalia

 Somaliland

 Jubaland[70]

South Africa

Municipalities often included in Cape Independence movements

Cape Province

Volkstaat

Autonomy movements

Vhavenda

Vhavenda is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States[6]

Spain

Secessionist movement

 Canary Islands

 Canary Islands is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States[6]

autonomist

 Ceuta

Sudan

 Darfur

Eastern Sudan

Tanzania

 Zanzibar

Pemba

United Kingdom

 British Indian Ocean Territory

Zambia

Barotseland

  • Ethnic group: Barotse
    • Proposed state: Barotseland
    • Militant organization: Barotse National Council[90]
  • Ethnic group: Bemba
    • Proposed state: Kola
    • Militant organization: Kola Foundation[91][92][93]
  • Ethnic group: Tonga
    • Proposed state: Cuundu
    • Militant organization: Cuundu Caitwa[94][95]
  • Ethnic group: Ngoni
    • Proposed state: Ku'Mawa
    • Militant organization: Umodzi Ku'Mawa Forum[96]

Zimbabwe

Matabeleland

See also

Notes

  1. Khoi-San is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States

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