The following list of Khmu (Kammu Yuan dialect[1] of Luang Namtha Province, Laos) animal names is from Svantesson et al. (2013).[2]
Insects
Kammu name | English name | Scientific name | Uses | Classification |
---|---|---|---|---|
àay ɛ̀ɛt | longhorn beetle | beetles | ||
hŋkúul kók | rhinoceros beetle | Trichogomphus | food | beetles |
hŋkúul rháaŋ | rhinoceros beetle | Eupatorus | food | beetles |
hŋkúul ˀyíak lèe | dung beetle | food | beetles | |
ìŋ-kíi | stag beetle | food | beetles | |
kmɔ́ɔt | woodworm | beetles | ||
kńtàp càm (cf. tàp) | diving beetle | food | beetles | |
kŕnòon | scarab beetle | Holotrichia | food | beetles |
lìit-lɔ̀ɔy | firefly | beetles | ||
lìit-lɔ̀ɔy sɨáŋ | firefly | beetles | ||
lìit-théeŋ | jewel beetle | beetles | ||
pràac pràaŋ | blister beetle | beetles | ||
rmkúum rháaŋ | bamboo weevil | Cyrtotrachelus | food | beetles |
rmkúum tʔó | palm weevil | Rhynchophorus | food | beetles |
rŋkə̀ pr̀lɨ̀a | leaf chafer | food | beetles | |
yà híc | click-beetle | beetles | ||
àam-pláam | butterfly, moth | butterflies and moths | ||
cńtrə̀əy | atlas moth | Attacus atlas | spiritual world | butterflies and moths |
kɔ́ɔk èes | Saturniid larva | butterflies and moths | ||
kɔ́ɔk kńtòoy | hawkmoth larva | butterflies and moths | ||
kɔ́ɔk lɔ́ɔt | rice stem borer | butterflies and moths | ||
kɔ́ɔk srtà | looper | butterflies and moths | ||
kŕwàaŋ lɔ̀ɔl | stinging caterpillar | butterflies and moths | ||
yɔ̀ɔr | cockroach | cockroaches | ||
cḿrɔ̀ ŋɔ́ | dragonfly | dragonflies | ||
kńtɔ̀ɔy plɔ̀ɔŋ | dragonfly nymph | food | dragonflies | |
kɔ́ɔk ráaŋ | dragonfly nymph | food | dragonflies | |
smpùt-húl | dragonfly nymph | dragonflies | ||
tŕlìit-tíit | dragonfly, damselfly | dragonflies | ||
ìip-àap | earwig | earwigs | ||
tmá | flea | fleas | ||
cńʔùur | paper wasp | food | Hymenoptera | |
cńʔùur màr | wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
cńʔùur rŋkə̀ | wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
hpɔ́ɔt | honey bee | Apis | Hymenoptera | |
hpɔ́ɔt pté | honey bee | food, medicinal use | Hymenoptera | |
hpɔ́ɔt sʔɔ́ɔŋ | Asiatic honey bee | Apis cerana | food | Hymenoptera |
húut | stingless bee | Trigona | Hymenoptera | |
khú | weaver ant | Oecophylla smaragdina | food | Hymenoptera |
kùuy | carpenter bee | Xylocopa | Hymenoptera | |
kʔáañ | hornet | food, spiritual world | Hymenoptera | |
kʔáañ pòok | hornet | food | Hymenoptera | |
kʔɔ́ɔl | potter wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
lɛ̀ɛl | wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
lɔ̀ɔp | wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
lùuy-làay | winged ant | food | Hymenoptera | |
múuc | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
múuc lə̀əc | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
múuc mùum | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
múuc ŋà | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
múuc rɛ̀ɛc | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
múuc tŕlɔ̀h rùŋ | ant | food | Hymenoptera | |
múuc yɨ̀m | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
ɔ̀ɔŋ | hornet | food | Hymenoptera | |
ɔ̀ɔŋ káar | hornet | food | Hymenoptera | |
ɔ̀ɔŋ kúŋ | Asian giant hornet | Vespa soror | food | Hymenoptera |
pñèe | wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
pŋ̀ rɔ̀ɔŋ kʔɔ́ɔl | wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
sís smŋì | wasp | Hymenoptera | ||
smrì | winged form of the weaver ant | food | Hymenoptera | |
tŋían | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
tɔ̀ɔs | ant | Hymenoptera | ||
tr̀háay klàaŋ | Himalayan cliff honey bee | Apis laboriosa | Hymenoptera | |
tr̀háay kɔ̀ɔy | dwarf honey bee | Apis florea | food | Hymenoptera |
tr̀háay sʔɔ́ɔŋ | giant honey bee | Apis dorsata | food | Hymenoptera |
sé | head louse | lice | ||
tlúc | chicken louse | lice | ||
tm̀rìñ | body louse | lice | ||
tók-ŋòl | mantis | food | Mantodea | |
tók-ŋòl rwàay | mantis | Mantodea | ||
yà pùh rùk | antlion | net-winged insects | ||
cáŋ-cáŋ | grasshopper | Sasuma | Orthoptera | |
cɛ́ɛl | true cricket | Orthoptera | ||
cíi-rɔ̀ɔ | mole cricket | Orthoptera | ||
cɔ̀ɔm-cɔ̀ | bush-cricket | Orthoptera | ||
hɔ́ɔs | grasshopper | Orthoptera | ||
hɔ́ɔs kìŋ | grasshopper | Aularches miliaris | Orthoptera | |
hɔ́ɔs kóoŋ | grasshopper | food | Orthoptera | |
hɔ́ɔs màt pɛ̀ | migratory locust | Locusta migratoria | Orthoptera | |
hɔ́ɔs plɔ̀ | grasshopper | Orthoptera | ||
hɔ́ɔs pr̀yɔ̀ɔŋ | grasshopper | Orthoptera | ||
hɔ́ɔs pr̀yɔ̀ɔŋ | grasshopper | Orthoptera | ||
hɔ́ɔs tŕlèŋ-téŋ | grasshopper | Orthoptera | ||
hɔ́ɔs trú | grasshopper | food | Orthoptera | |
hɔ́ɔs túus | grasshopper | Orthoptera | ||
hɔ́ɔs ˀyíak sár | monkey grasshopper | Orthoptera | ||
kḿñàam | cricket | food | Orthoptera | |
sə̀ŋ pók mùh (cf. pók) | cricket | food | Orthoptera | |
sŋmə̀əy | grasshopper | food | Orthoptera | |
stmìat | bush-cricket | food | Orthoptera | |
stmìat pr̀yɔ̀ɔŋ | bush-cricket | food | Orthoptera | |
tḿràac | bush-cricket | food | Orthoptera | |
kɔ́ɔŋ kák kɔ́ɔŋ mìaŋ | stick insect | Phasmatodea | ||
prɛ́ɛs rháaŋ | stick insect | spiritual world | Phasmatodea | |
tók-ŋòl lá | leaf insect | Phyllium | Phasmatodea | |
kláap | winged termite | termites | ||
kláap hntrɔ̀ɔy | winged termite | termites | ||
kláap ìɨr | winged termite | termites | ||
lkùun trùuñ | soldier termite | termites | ||
trùuñ | termite | termites | ||
àar | amazing cicada | Tosena splendida | true bugs | |
clél | cicada | Macrosemia chantrainei | true bugs | |
hɨ́ŋ | bug | true bugs | ||
hɨ́ŋ hmpíir | pumpkin bug | food | true bugs | |
hɨ́ŋ kàaŋ | bedbug | true bugs | ||
hɨ́ŋ klár wàr | shield bug | true bugs | ||
hɨ́ŋ páac | shield bug | food | true bugs | |
hɨ́ŋ rwàay | shield bug | true bugs | ||
hɨ́ŋ skó | shield bug | food | true bugs | |
hɨ́ŋ trú | Pygoplatys auropunctatus | food | true bugs | |
híŋ twé | leaf-footed bug | true bugs | ||
ìi-lèk | Tonkinian cicada | Macrosemia tonkiniana | true bugs | |
kŕwàaŋ | black-winged cicada | Tosena albata | true bugs | |
kŕwàaŋ | black-winged cicada | Tosena melanoptera | true bugs | |
mà cnɨ́m | lac insect | true bugs | ||
mɛ̀ɛŋ dáa | giant waterbug | Lethocerus indicus | food | true bugs |
pɛ̀ tlóh | thorn bug, treehopper | true bugs | ||
pŋ̀rɔ̀ɔŋ hmràŋ | cicada | Ayuthia spectabile | true bugs | |
pr̀wɛ̀ɛw | cicada | Aola bindusara | true bugs | |
rɛ̀ɛt | cicada | Meimuna duffelsi | food | true bugs |
sés-wɛ̀ɛs | bird cicada | Meimuna tavoyana | true bugs | |
ták kwàac | backswimmer | true bugs | ||
tm̀ pɔ́h sɨ́aŋ | water scorpion | Pomponia | true bugs | |
yà klɛ́h | flatid planthopper | medicinal use | true bugs | |
yèl-yèl | cicada | true bugs | ||
yɛ̀ɛr | cicada | Dundubia spiculata | spiritual world | true bugs |
èem pèet èem pɔ̀ɔy | fly | true flies | ||
hmràay | maggot | true flies | ||
kɔ́ɔk páay kɔ́ɔk sɛ́ɛ | mosquito larva | true flies | ||
krìil | black fly | true flies | ||
lmñàay | black fly | true flies | ||
mòop | horsefly | true flies | ||
rɔ̀ɔy | fly | true flies | ||
rɔ̀ɔy hmràŋ | fly | true flies | ||
rɔ̀ɔy múu | fly | true flies | ||
rɔ̀ɔy pàh | blowfly | true flies | ||
sə̀ŋ pók (cf. pók) | mosquito | Aedes; Anopheles | true flies | |
mà kmúul | silverfish | Lepisma saccharina | Zygentoma | |
kɔ́ɔk | caterpillar, grub, larva | unclassified | ||
mɨ̀l | root-eating grub | unclassified |
Other arthropods
Kammu name | English name | Scientific name | Uses | Classification |
---|---|---|---|---|
cǹtáh | shrimp | food | other arthropods | |
kléc-wèc | millipede | Diplopoda | other arthropods | |
ktáam | crab | food | other arthropods | |
ktáam pìas | land crab | food, medicinal use | other arthropods | |
ktáam ràŋ | aquatic crab | other arthropods | ||
kʔíip | centipede | other arthropods | ||
kʔíip stɔ́ɔŋ | centipede | other arthropods | ||
mɛ̀ɛŋ pɔ́ɔŋ | scorpion | other arthropods | ||
rmŋɛ̀ɛs | tick | other arthropods | ||
sé kḿpɨ̀ar | woodlouse | other arthropods | ||
snwà | spider | other arthropods | ||
snwà húal | tarantula | medicinal use | other arthropods | |
snwà kàaŋ | spider | spiritual world | other arthropods | |
snwà Ñàaŋ Pèeŋ | golden silk orb-weaver | Nephila | other arthropods | |
snwà ŋɔ́ | spider | spiritual world | other arthropods | |
tá càac-càac | harvestman | Opiliones | other arthropods | |
tɛ̀ɛn-ɛ̀ɛ | tick | other arthropods | ||
tm̀kɨ́ | tick | other arthropods |
Other invertebrates
Kammu name | English name | Scientific name | Uses | Classification |
---|---|---|---|---|
lɔ̀ɔr-pɛ̀ɛr | flatworm | flatworms | ||
tíɨk | tapeworm | flatworms | ||
hntáak lìik | slug | molluscs | ||
klɔ́ | snail | molluscs | ||
klɔ́ màam | snail | molluscs | ||
klɔ́ ték | snail | molluscs | ||
plà | bivalve, mussel | molluscs | ||
róoc | sea snail | molluscs | ||
clìa | leech | ringed worms | ||
plíiŋ | leech | ringed worms | ||
plɨ́am | land leech | ringed worms | ||
tíak | leech | ringed worms | ||
wàak | earthworm | ringed worms | ||
sáan | trichina | Trichinella spiralis | roundworms | |
wàak | intestinal roundworm | roundworms | ||
wɔ̀ɔc-wɔ̀ɔŋ | worm | roundworms |
Fish
Kammu name | English name | Scientific name | Uses | Classification |
---|---|---|---|---|
cŕlɔ̀ɔŋ-tɔ̀ɔŋ | freshwater garfish | Xenentodon cancila | food | |
ká | fish | food | ||
ká cáat | carp | food | ||
ká kɨ́an | fish | food | ||
ká klóm | Garra | food | ||
ká kĺʔàak | carp | |||
ká lá | sheatfish | |||
kɨ̀r tòor | gourami | |||
klúat | fish | |||
láañ | spiny eel | |||
lə̀ən | goby | food, spiritual world | ||
lmɛ̀ɛr | airbreathing catfish | Clarias | spiritual world | |
páa bɨ́k | giant catfish | Pangasianodon gigas | ||
páa dɛ́ɛŋ | carp | |||
páa khɛ́ɛ | catfish | |||
plèek | eel | |||
sdét | fish | |||
sŋplák | catfish | Hemibagrus | ||
srlɛ̀ɛŋ àar | tigerfish | Datnioides | ||
ták-ták klàaŋ | hillstream loach | Balitora | ||
tŕlə̀əy | hillstream loach | Schistura | food |
Amphibians and reptiles
Kammu name | English name | Scientific name | Uses | Classification |
---|---|---|---|---|
ckrée | crocodile | crocodiles | ||
clù | frog | food | frogs | |
cɔ́ɔ-ɛ̀ | frog | food | frogs | |
ə̀əc-prə̀əc | frog | food | frogs | |
ɛ̀ɛŋ | frog | frogs | ||
ìɨŋ | bullfrog | food | frogs | |
káak-káak | frog | frogs | ||
kɨ̀r tɔ̀ɔr | frog | frogs | ||
kḿpàay | tadpole | food | frogs | |
kóp | frog | frogs | ||
kɔ́ɔt | frog | food | frogs | |
ŋɛ̀ɛt | frog | food | frogs | |
òr | treefrog | frogs | ||
púuk-àak | frog | frogs | ||
ròk | toad | food | frogs | |
sís | frog | food | frogs | |
sŋcáŋ | tadpole | food | frogs | |
táak-táak | frog | food | frogs | |
trák-pə̀k | treefrog | frogs | ||
tríik | frog | food | frogs | |
wàl | tadpole | frogs | ||
màr | snake | lizards and snakes | ||
màr cŋáar | Asian pit viper | Trimeresurus | lizards and snakes | |
màr hrnɔ̀ɔm klə̀ róoy | green vine snake | Ahaetulla nasuta | lizards and snakes | |
màr kìaŋ | king cobra | Ophiophagus hannah | spiritual world | lizards and snakes |
màr kìaŋ kràŋ | monocled cobra | Naja kaouthia | lizards and snakes | |
màr kìaŋ kŕlìiŋ | green cat snake | Boiga cyanea | lizards and snakes | |
màr kḿʔùuk | snake | lizards and snakes | ||
màr kùun | Indian python | Python molurus | food | lizards and snakes |
màr kùun | reticulated python | Python reticulatus | food | lizards and snakes |
màr kùun kĺtàak | short-tailed python | Python curtus | lizards and snakes | |
màr plàas | sand snake | Psammophis condanarus | food | lizards and snakes |
màr plɔ̀ɔŋ | rat snake | Elaphe | food | lizards and snakes |
màr pnɨ̀m | cobra | lizards and snakes | ||
màr pǹlùun | blind snake | lizards and snakes | ||
màr rkpɔ̀ɔk snáat | krait | Bungarus | lizards and snakes | |
màr sáaŋ-ràa | cobra | lizards and snakes | ||
màr smrə̀əŋ | snake | lizards and snakes | ||
màr snlɔ̀ | snake | lizards and snakes | ||
màr tlɔ̀ɔŋ | snake | lizards and snakes | ||
màr tŕlə̀əy | water snake | Xenochrophis piscator | lizards and snakes | |
màr tŕlòk | snake | lizards and snakes | ||
pák-pə́ə | tokay gecko | Gekko gecko | medicinal use | lizards and snakes |
tàaŋ cr̀là | Calotes lizard | Calotes | lizards and snakes | |
tàaŋ lʔìar | skink | lizards and snakes | ||
tàaŋ pát róoŋ | flying lizard | Draco | lizards and snakes | |
tàaŋ wèk | house gecko | Hemidactylus frenatus | lizards and snakes | |
tr̀kɔ́ɔt | monitor lizard | Varanus | food | lizards and snakes |
tr̀kɔ́ɔt lá tráañ | monitor lizard | food | lizards and snakes | |
tàaŋ ká | newt | salamanders | ||
táw | tortoise, turtle | food | turtles | |
tm̀ pá | Asian leaf turtle | Cyclemys dentata | turtles |
Birds
Mammals
Kammu name | English name | Scientific name | Uses | Classification |
---|---|---|---|---|
hntɨ́ar | bat | food | bats | |
hntɨ́ar kɔ̀ɔy | bat | food | bats | |
hntɨ́ar sɔ́ | bat | bats | ||
pòl | bamboo bat | Tylonycteris | bats | |
tɛ̀ɛñ | mouse-eared bat | Myotis | bats | |
hmròk | dhole | Cuon alpinus | food | carnivorans |
hŋkáar | yellow-throated marten | Martes flavigula | carnivorans | |
húal | sun bear | Ursus malayanus | food, medicinal use | carnivorans |
húal | Asian black bear | Ursus thibetanus | food, medicinal use | carnivorans |
húal wàk | binturong | Arctictis binturong | food, medicinal use | carnivorans |
kɔ̀ɔy lwàaŋ | weasel | Mustela | spiritual world | carnivorans |
mɛ̀ɛw | cat | carnivorans | ||
nàak | small-clawed otter | Aonyx cinerea | carnivorans | |
pàŋ-pɔ̀ɔn | mongoose | carnivorans | ||
prùul séey-séey | ferret badger | Melogale | carnivorans | |
prùul sɨ́aŋ | hog badger | Arctonyx collaris | food | carnivorans |
ràaŋ klà | crab-eating mongoose | Herpestes urva | carnivorans | |
rwàay | tiger, feline | food, spiritual world | carnivorans | |
rwàay nám | tiger | Panthera tigris | carnivorans | |
rwàay pùuk | fishing cat | Prionailurus viverrinus | carnivorans | |
rwàay srmìñ | leopard | Panthera pardus | carnivorans | |
rwàay srmìñ | clouded leopard | Neofelis nebulosa | carnivorans | |
rwàay srmìñ | marbled cat | Pardofelis marmorata | carnivorans | |
rwàay srmìñ | leopard cat | Prionailurus bengalensis | carnivorans | |
rwàay yíaŋ | black panther | Panthera pardus | carnivorans | |
rwàay yɨ̀m | Asiatic golden cat | Catopuma temminckii | spiritual world | carnivorans |
rwàay yìm | jungle cat | Felis chaus | spiritual world | carnivorans |
sár | little civet | Viverricula indica | food | carnivorans |
sár sór | large Indian civet | Viverra zibetha | carnivorans | |
síŋ tóo | lion | carnivorans | ||
sɔ́ | dog | spiritual world | carnivorans | |
tmɔ̀ɔŋ | Asian palm civet | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | food | carnivorans |
tmɔ̀ɔŋ | small-toothed palm civet | Arctogalidia trivirgata | food | carnivorans |
tmɔ̀ɔŋ rúŋ | masked palm civet | Paguma larvata | food | carnivorans |
scáaŋ | Asian elephant | Elephas maximus | spiritual world | elephants |
kées | serow | Capricornis | food, medicinal use | even-toed ungulates |
kɛ́ | sheep | Bos gaurus | even-toed ungulates | |
ktíiŋ | gaur | Bos gaurus | food | even-toed ungulates |
lmpò | cattle, ox, cow | food, spiritual world | even-toed ungulates | |
lmpò prì | banteng | Bos javanicus | even-toed ungulates | |
pàan kéey | mouse-deer | Tragulus | food | even-toed ungulates |
pɛ̀ | goat | food, spiritual world | even-toed ungulates | |
púas | barking deer | Muntiacus | food, spiritual world | even-toed ungulates |
sɨ́aŋ | pig | food, spiritual world | even-toed ungulates | |
sɨ́aŋ prì | wild boar | Sus scrofa | food, spiritual world | even-toed ungulates |
tráak | water buffalo | Bubalus bubalis | food, spiritual world | even-toed ungulates |
tráak prì | wild Asian water buffalo | Bubalus arnee | even-toed ungulates | |
tyáak | sambar | Cervus unicolor | food | even-toed ungulates |
tyáak | Eld's deer | Cervus eldii | food | even-toed ungulates |
tyáak | hog deer | Axis porcinus | food | even-toed ungulates |
ùut | camel | even-toed ungulates | ||
pŕlɨ̀ak tí (cf. lɨ̀ak) | mole | insectivorans | ||
sɛ́ɛŋ-sɛ́ɛŋ | pygmy shrew | Suncus | insectivorans | |
ùt | lesser moonrat | Hylomys suillus | food | insectivorans |
ktáay | Siamese hare | Lepus peguensis | lagomorphs | |
hmràŋ | horse | spiritual world | odd-toed ungulates | |
làa | donkey | odd-toed ungulates | ||
lɔ̀ɔ | mule | odd-toed ungulates | ||
rɛ̀ɛt | rhinoceros | Dicerorhinus; Rhinoceros | food, spiritual world | odd-toed ungulates |
kḿpɨ̀ar | pangolin | Manis | food, spiritual world | pangolins |
cháaŋ | langur | Trachypithecus | food | primates |
cńtrɛ̀ɛk | young macaque | primates | ||
ryòol | gibbon | Hylobates | primates | |
wá | monkey, macaque | Macaca | food | primates |
wá céeŋ | slow loris | Nycticebus | primates | |
kár | mouse | Mus | food | rodents |
khúat | brush-tailed porcupine | Atherurus macrourus | food | rodents |
kné | rat | food | rodents | |
kné cŋ̀ khál | white-bellied rat | Niviventer | food | rodents |
kné cók | rat | food | rodents | |
kné káan | rat | food | rodents | |
kné kàaŋ | rat | Rattus | food | rodents |
kné khɨ́aŋ | bandicoot rat | Bandicota | food | rodents |
kné klàaŋ | long-tailed giant rat | Leopoldamys | food | rodents |
kné pòok | rat | food | rodents | |
kné tḿlès | pencil-tailed tree mouse | Chiropodomys | rodents | |
kné ùŋ | rat | food | rodents | |
kné yɨ̀m | red spiny rat | Maxomys surifer | rodents | |
knú | rat | food | rodents | |
lɨ́ak | giant flying squirrel | Petaurista | food | rodents |
ñɨ̀ar | striped squirrel | Tamiops | food, spiritual world | rodents |
pŋ̀kès | giant squirrel | Ratufa | food | rodents |
prɔ́ɔk | squirrel | food | rodents | |
prɔ́ɔk pté | red-cheeked squirrel | Dremomys | food | rodents |
prɔ́ɔk ríaŋ | variable squirrel | Callosciurus finlaysonii | food | rodents |
prɔ́ɔk tɨ́ɨr | flying squirrel | Hylopetes | rodents | |
prɔ́ɔk yú | belly-banded squirrel | Callosciurus flavimanus | rodents | |
ré | Malayan porcupine | Hystrix brachyura | food, medicinal use | rodents |
tkán | bamboo rat | Cannomys; Rhizomys | food | rodents |
kɔ̀ɔy | treeshrew | Tupaia | food | treeshrews |
See also
References
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yuan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Raw Kam; Kristina Lindell; Håkan Lundstrom. 2013. Dictionary of Kammu Yuan Language and Culture. University of Hawai'i Press.
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