Kowloon West
Former Geographical constituency
for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
Outline map
Boundary of Kowloon Westin Hong Kong
DistrictYau Tsim Mong District
Sham Shui Po District
Kowloon City District
RegionKowloon
Population1,205,300 (2020)[1]
Electorate602,733 (2020)[2]
Former constituency
Created1998
Abolished2021
Number of membersThree (1998–2000)
Four (2000–2008)
Five (2008–2016)
Six (2016–2021)
Created fromKowloon South-west,
Kowloon West (1995),
Kowloon South,
Kowloon Central (1995)
Replaced byKowloon Central (2021),
Kowloon West (2021)

The Kowloon West geographical constituency was one of the five geographical constituencies of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1998 to 2021. It was established in 1998 for the first SAR Legislative Council election and was abolished under the 2021 overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system. In the 2016 Legislative Council election, it elected six members of the Legislative Council using the Hare quota of party-list proportional representation. It had 602,733 registered electorates in 2020. The constituency corresponded to the districts of Yau Tsim Mong, Sham Shui Po, and Kowloon City.

History

The single-constituency single-vote system was replaced by the party-list proportional representation system for the first SAR Legislative Council election designed by Beijing to reward the weaker pro-Beijing candidates and dilute the electoral strength of the majority pro-democrats.[3] Three seats were allocated to Kowloon consisting the districts of Yau Tsim Mong, Sham Shui Po and Kowloon City in 1998. The Democratic Party won more than 55 per cent of the vote with Lau Chin-shek and James To elected. The remaining seat was won by pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (DAB) chairman Jasper Tsang. Frederick Fung of the Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) however was defeated over his decision to join the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council in 1996.

In the 2000 Legislative Council election, an extra seat was added to the constituency which was taken by Frederick Fung. In the 2004 election, Lau Chin-shek who quit the Democratic Party ran as a nonpartisan, while Jasper Tsang's DAB ticket rose to the top with more than 27 per cent. The seats of the Kowloon West was increased to five seats due to the reapportionment, which attracted Civic Party and the Liberal Party among others contesting for the new seat. As Lau Chin-shek ran a low-profile campaign, Wong Yuk-man of the League of Social Democrats (LSD) and pro-Beijing independent Priscilla Leung emerged victorious, while Starry Lee succeeding Jasper Tsang instead who ran in Hong Kong Island.

In 2010, the LSD launched the "Five Constituencies Referendum" with the Civic Party to pressure the government on the 2012 constitutional reform package. Wong Yuk-man resigned in Kowloon West to trigger a by-election in which he was re-elected with a low turnout due to the government and pro-Beijing boycott.[4] In the 2012 Legislative Council election, James To and Frederick Fung switched to the newly created District Council (Second) "super seat", while Helena Wong successfully succeeding To, Tam Kwok-kiu failed to gain a seat for the ADPL and was replaced by Claudia Mo of the Civic Party.

The rise of the localist camp in the 2016 Legislative Council election was reflected in Kowloon West, where university lecturer Lau Siu-lai and activist Yau Wai-ching each gained a seat when the constituency was added an extra seat due to the reapportionment. In return, Wong Yuk-man who now represented the Proletariat Political Institute (PPI) was ousted unexpectedly by Yau Wai-ching with a narrow margin of 424 votes, 0.15 per cent of the vote share. The pro-Beijing camp took a conservative strategy by fielding only two tickets led by Ann Chiang of the DAB and Priscilla Leung of the Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA), making it the constituency electing all women.

Yau was soon disqualified from the office due to her oath-taking controversy, followed by Lau Siu-lai who was also disqualified for her oath-taking manner. Two by-elections were held in March and November 2018 where pro-Beijing candidates Vincent Cheng of the DAB and independent Chan Hoi-yan surprisingly both beat the pro-democracy candidates, first times pro-Beijing camp won a majority in a direct election in more than 20 years.[5][6] Chan, however, was unseated in 2020, as the court viewed Lau Siu-lai's disqualification from running in the November 2018 by-election was unlawful.[7]

Returned members

Below are all the members since the creation of the Kowloon West constituency. The number of seats allocated to Kowloon West was increased from three to six between 1998 and 2016 due to its enlargement. Councillors representing this area include:

LegCo members for Kowloon West, 1998–2021
Term Election Member Member Member Member Member Member
1st 1998 Lau Chin-shek
(DP/CTUCTU)
James To
(DP)
Tsang Yok-sing
(DAB)
2nd 2000 Frederick Fung
(ADPL)
3rd 2004
4th 2008 Wong Yuk-man
(LSD)
Starry Lee
(DAB)
Priscilla Leung
(IndBPA/KWND)
Vacant
2010 (b) Wong Yuk-man
(LSDPPInd)
5th 2012 Helena Wong
(DP)
Ann Chiang
(DAB)
Claudia Mo
(CPHKF)
6th 2016 Yau Wai-ching
(Youngspiration)
Lau Siu-lai
(DG)
Mar 2018 (b) Vincent Cheng
(DAB)
Vacant
Nov 2018 (b) Chan Hoi-yan
(Ind)
Vacant
Vacant Vacant

Summary of seats won

Term Election Distribution
1st 1998
2 1
2nd 2000
3 1
3rd 2004
3 1
4th 2008
3 2
5th 2012
3 2
6th 2016
4 2
199820002004200820122016
Democratic211111
DAB111111
CTU1
ADPL111
LSD1
People Power1
Civic11
KWND/BPA11
Democracy Groundwork1
Youngspiration1
Independent11
Pro-democracy233334
Pro-Beijing111222
Seats344556

Vote share summary

199820002004200820122016
Democratic55.120.726.614.415.59.3
DAB21.723.527.118.920.418.8
ADPL19.335.226.417.213.25.5
Liberal2.96.3
CTU20.7
LSD18.22.4
Civic8.416.311.6
People Power16.7
KWND/BPA14.917.8
Democracy Groundwork13.7
Youngspiration7.4
PPI7.3
Third Side4.8
Independent and Others1.119.916.73.01.1
Pro-democracy74.376.572.164.463.158.2
Pro-Beijing24.623.527.135.336.937.0

Election results

The largest remainder method (with Hare quota) of the proportional representative electoral system was introduced in 1998, replacing the single-member constituencies of the 1995 election. Elected candidates are shown in bold. Brackets indicate the quota + remainder.

2010s

November 2018 Kowloon West by-election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Nonpartisan Chan Hoi-yan 106,457 49.52
Labour Lee Cheuk-yan 93,047 43.28
Nonpartisan Frederick Fung Kin-kee 12,509 5.82
Nonpartisan Ng Dick-hay 1,650 0.77
Nonpartisan Judy Tzeng Li-wen 1,307 0.61
Majority 13,410 6.24
Total valid votes 214,970 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,552
Turnout 216,522 44.45
Registered electors 487,160
Nonpartisan gain from Nonpartisan Swing
March 2018 Kowloon West by-election[8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DAB Vincent Cheng Wing-shun 107,479 49.91
Nonpartisan Yiu Chung-yim 105,060 48.79
Nonpartisan Jonathan Tsoi Tung-chau 2,794 1.30
Majority 2,419 1.12
Total valid votes 215,333 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,562
Turnout 216,895 44.31
Registered electors 489,451
DAB gain from Youngspiration Swing
1 1 1 1 1 1

Vote share

  DAB (18.84%)
  BPA (17.84%)
  DG (13.69%)
  Civic (11.59%)
  Democratic (9.34%)
  Youngspiration (7.40%)
  PPI (7.25%)
  ADPL (5.52%)
  Third Side (4.83%)
  LSD (2.44%)
  Politihk SS (0.34%)
  PVP (0.24%)
  HKLP (0.14%)
  Other (0.53999999999999%)
2016 Legislative Council election: Kowloon West
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 46,479 16.67
DAB Ann Chiang Lai-wan
Chris Ip Ngo-tung, Samuel Chan Wai-ming, Terence Siu Tin-hung, Allen Cheung Tak-wai
52,541 18.84
(16.67+2.17)
–1.57
BPA (KWND) Leung Mei-fun
Leung Man-kwong, Cho Wui-hung, Kacee Ting Wong, Leung Yuen-ting, Chan Kwok-wai
49,745 17.84
(16.67+1.17)
+2.95
Democracy Groundwork Lau Siu-lai 38,183 13.69 N/A
Civic Claudia Mo Man-ching
Joshua Li Chun-hei
32,323 11.59 –4.75
Democratic Wong Pik-wan
Ramon Yuen Hoi-man, Joshua Fung Man-tao, Chau Man-fong
26,037 9.34 –6.18
Youngspiration Yau Wai-ching 20,643 7.40 N/A
PPI Wong Yuk-man, Ma Yu-sang 20,219 7.25 –9.37
ADPL Tam Kwok-kiu, Yeung Yuk, Wong Wing-kit 15,383 5.52 –7.68
Third Side Tik Chi-yuen, Wong Chun-long, Pang Yi-ting, Chen Lihong 13,461 4.83 N/A
LSD Avery Ng Man-yuen 6,811 2.44 N/A
Politihk SS Kwan San-wai, Ko Chi-keung 938 0.34 N/A
Nonpartisan Augustine Lee Wing-hon, Foo Wai-lok 874 0.31 N/A
Pioneer of Victoria Park Chu Siu-hung 680 0.24 N/A
Independent Lam Yi-lai, Au Wing-ho 634 0.23 –0.14
HKLP Jonathan Ho Chi-kwong 399 0.14 N/A
Total valid votes 278,871 100.00
Rejected ballots 4,883
Turnout 283,754 58.13 +4.24
Registered electors 488,129
1 1 1 1 1

Vote share

  DAB (20.41%)
  People Power (16.62%)
  Civic (16.34%)
  Democratic (15.52%)
  KWND (14.89%)
  ADPL (13.20%)
  Other (3.02%)
2012 Legislative Council election: Kowloon West
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 46,416 20.00
DAB Chiang Lai-wan
Chris Ip Ngo-tung, Vincent Cheng Wing-shun, Chan Wai-ming, Lam Sum-lim
47,363 20.41
(20.00+0.41)
+1.51
People Power Wong Yuk-man
Yim Tat-ming, Chau Tsun-kiu, Lau Tit-wai
38,578 16.62 −1.58
Civic Claudia Mo Man-ching
Joe Wong Tak-chuen
37,925 16.34 +7.94
Democratic Wong Pik-wan
Cheung Man-kwong, Li Yiu-kee, Yuen Hoi-man, Chong Miu-sheung
36,029 15.52 +1.12
KWND Leung Mei-fun
Yang Wing-kit, Wai Hoi-ying, Leung Man-kwong
34,548 14.89 +5.29
ADPL Tam Kwok-kiu, Liu Sing-lee, Rosanda Mok Ka-han, Wong Chi-yung, Austen Ng Po-shan 30,634 13.20 −4.00
Independent Wong Yee-him 3,746 1.61 N/A
Ind. democrat Wong Yat-yuk 2,399 1.03 N/A
Awakening Association Lam Yi-lai, Simon Ho Ka-kuen, Au Wing-ho, Lee Ka-wai 859 0.37 +0.07
Total valid votes 232,081 100.00
Rejected ballots 3,952
Turnout 236,033 53.89 +9.12
Registered electors 437,968
2010 Kowloon West by-election[9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
LSD Wong Yuk-man 60,395 67.77
Nonpartisan Pamela Peck Wan-kam 16,640 18.67
Tertiary 2012 Wong Weng-chi 3,429 3.85
Nonpartisan Chiang Sai-cheong 3,109 3.49
Nonpartisan Shea Kai-chuen 2,517 2.82
Nonpartisan Kenneth Cheung Kam-chung 1,869 2.10
Nonpartisan Lam Yi-lai 1,069 1.20
Nonpartisan Kwok Shiu-ming 91 0.10
Majority 43,755 49.10
Total valid votes 89,119 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,682
Turnout 91,801 21.13
Registered electors 434,519
LSD hold Swing

2000s

1 1 1 1 1

Vote share

  DAB (18.9%)
  LSD (18.2%)
  ADPL (17.2%)
  Democratic (14.4%)
  Civic (8.4%)
  Liberal (6.3%)
  Other (16.6%)
2008 Legislative Council election: Kowloon West[10]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 41,317 20.00
DAB Starry Lee Wai-king
Chung Kong-mo, Chan Wai-ming, Vincent Cheng Wing-shun
39,013 18.88 −8.25
LSD Wong Yuk-man
Lee Wai-yee
37,553 18.18 N/A
ADPL Frederick Fung Kin-kee
Rosanda Mok Ka-han, Tsung Po-shan, Wong Chi Yung, Yeung Chun-yu
35,440 17.16 −2.89
Democratic James To Kun-sun
Lam Ho-yeung
29,690 14.37 −12.22
Nonpartisan Priscilla Leung Mei-fun
Edward Leung Wai-keun, Aaron Lam Ka-fai
19,914 9.64 N/A
Civic Claudia Mo Man-ching, Ng Yuet-lan, Tang Chi-ying 17,259 8.35 N/A
Liberal Michael Tien Puk-sun, Ho Hin-ming 13,011 6.30 N/A
Nonpartisan Lau Chin-shek 10,553 5.11 N/A
Independent Tam Hoi-pong 1,603 0.78 N/A
Nonpartisan Francis Chong Wing-charn 1,076 0.52 N/A
SDA James Lung Wai-man, Bantawa Sukra 591 0.29 N/A
Nonpartisan Lam Yi-lai 590 0.29 N/A
Nonpartisan Lau Yuk-shing, Nandeed Cheung Kit-fung, David Tsui 290 0.14 N/A
Total valid votes 206,583 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,182
Turnout 207,765 47.18 −7.56
Registered electors 440,335
1 1 1 1

Vote share

  DAB (27.1%)
  Democratic (26.6%)
  ADPL (26.4%)
  Other (19.9%)
2004 Legislative Council election: Kowloon West[11]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 56,924 25.00
DAB Jasper Tsang Yok-sing
Chung Kong-mo, Starry Lee Wai-king
61,770 27.13
(25.00+2.13)
+3.59
Democratic James To Kun-sun
Chan Ka-wai, Lam Ho-yeung, Ma Kee
60,539 26.59
(25.00+1.59)
−14.68
ADPL Frederick Fung Kin-kee 45,649 20.05 −15.14
Nonpartisan Lau Chin-shek 43,460 19.09 N/A
ADPL Liu Sing-lee 13,452 5.91 N/A
Nonpartisan Lau Yuk-shing, Leung Suet-fong, Lau Po-kwan 1,824 0.80 N/A
Turnout 227,694 54.74 +12.60
Total valid votes 227,694 100.00
Rejected ballots 2,368
Turnout 230,062 54.74 +12.60
Registered electors 420,259
2 1 1

Vote share

  Democratic (41.3%)
  ADPL (35.2%)
  DAB (23.5%)
2000 Legislative Council election: Kowloon West[12]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 44,550 25.00
Democratic (CTU) Lau Chin-shek, James To Kun-sun 73,540 41.27
(25.00+16.27)
−13.75
ADPL Frederick Fung Kin-kee
Liu Sing-lee
62,717 35.19
(25.00+10.19)
+15.95
DAB Jasper Tsang Yok-sing
Chung Kong-mo, Pun Kwok-wah, Wong Wai-chuen
41,942 23.54 +1.77
Total valid votes 178,199 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,447
Turnout 179,646 42.14 –9.09
Registered electors 426,288

1990s

2 1

Vote share

  Democratic (55.1%)
  DAB (21.7%)
  ADPL (19.3%)
  Liberal (2.9%)
  Other (1%)
1998 Legislative Council election: Kowloon West[13]
List Candidates Votes % ±
Quota 68,467 33.33
Democratic Lau Chin-shek, James To Kun-sun
Eric Wong Chong-ki
113,079 55.05
(33.33+21.72)
DAB Jasper Tsang Yok-sing
Ip Kwok-chung, Wen Choy-bon
44,632 21.73
ADPL Frederick Fung Kin-kee, Liu Sing-lee, Tam Kwok-kiu 39,534 19.25
Liberal Ringo Chiang Sai-cheong, Chan Noi-yue, Edward Li King-wah 5,854 2.85
Atlas Alliance Helen Chung Yee-fong 2,302 1.12
Total valid votes 205,401 100.00
Rejected ballots 1,281
Turnout 206,682 50.23
Registered electors 411,468

See also

References

  1. "Number of Seats for the Geographical Constituencies" (PDF). Electoral Affairs Commission.
  2. "Voter Registration Statistics: Geographical Constituency". Registration and Electoral Office.
  3. Diamond, Larry; Myers, Ramon H. (2001). Elections and Democracy in Greater China. OUP Oxford. pp. 1985–6.
  4. "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  5. "Hong Kong pro-establishment candidate Chan Hoi-yan wins Kowloon West by-election". South China Morning Post. 25 November 2018.
  6. "Hong Kong democrats to rely on legal appeals after failing to win back Legco veto foothold". South China Morning Post. 12 March 2018.
  7. "Lau ruling ousts Chan from Legco". The Standard. 22 May 2020.
  8. "Election Result - Kowloon West". Electoral Affairs Commission.
  9. "2010 LegCo By-election". Archived from the original on 9 August 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  10. "2008 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 8 September 2008. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  11. "2004 Legislative Election". Electoral Affairs Commission. 15 December 2004. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  12. "立法會選舉結果". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  13. "Legco election overall result".
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