| Hystrix refossa Temporal range: Pleistocene | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Skull of Hystrix refossa | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Hystricidae |
| Genus: | Hystrix |
| Species: | †H. refossa |
| Binomial name | |
| †Hystrix refossa Gervais, 1852 | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Hystrix major | |
Hystrix refossa is an extinct species of large porcupine that was widespread in Eurasia during the Pleistocene.
Taxonomy
Hystrix refossa was first described by palaeontologist Paul Gervais in 1852. Over the years, other large species of Hystrix have been described, including H. angressi from Israel[2] and H. gigantea of Java.[3] These forms are now considered synonymous with H. refossa.[1]
Description
Hystrix refossa was larger than living porcupines. It was approximately 20% larger than its closest relative, the living Indian porcupine (H. indica), reaching lengths of over 115 cm (45 in). It also differs from the Indian porcupine in having a high and narrow occipital region, in the anteriorly convergent arrangement of maxillary cheek-teeth series, and in its mandible and the cheek-teeth pattern.[2]
Paleoecology
The earliest remains of H. refossa are dated to the start of the Villafranchian and were found at the site of Milea, Grevena in northern Greece.[4] It presumably inhabited vegetated river banks within a mosaic of open and forested terrain under warm and humid conditions.
References
- 1 2 Van Weers, D.J. (January 2005). "A taxonomic revision of the Pleistocene Hystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) from Eurasia with notes on the evolution of the family". Contributions to Zoology. 74 (3/4): 301–312. doi:10.1163/18759866-0740304007.
- 1 2 Frenkel, Hanna (1970). "Hystrix angressi sp. nov. A large fossil porcupine from the Levalloiso-Mousterian of the Geula Cave". Israel Journal of Zoology. 19 (1): 51–82. doi:10.1080/00212210.1970.10688303 (inactive 1 August 2023). S2CID 82368682.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link) - ↑ Van Weers, D.J. (1985). "Hystrix gigantea, a new fossil porcupine species from Java (Rodentia: Hystricidae)". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 66 (1–2): 111–120.
- ↑ Lazaridis, G.; Tsoukala, E.; Maul, L.C. (2019). "The earliest Hystrix refossa: a new Early Villafranchian record from Milia (Grevena, Macedonia, Greece)". Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy. 30 (1): 12–18. doi:10.4404/hystrix-00140-2018.