Haplogroup H10e is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup. It is defined by mutation C16221T. It is between 5,700[1] and 7,000 years old.[2]

Origins

According to Behar et al., the woman who founded this line was estimated to have lived between 2,400 and 7,000 years ago.[2] From a neolithic burial at the Bom Santo cave (near Lisbon/Portugal), however, we know that H10e existed already at 3735 BCE ± 45 years. Hence H10e is at least 5,753 years old.[1]

Almost a thousand years later an H10e find was associated with a Corded Ware Culture burial in Eulau. The site Eulau, Burgenlandkreis, is located in the valley of the Saale river in Germany. What is interesting to note in this context, is that H10e was first found at the Bom Santo cave which is located near the epicenter of the birth of the Bell Beaker culture. Then the find at Eulau was geographically located at the boundary between the Bell Beaker area of influence and the Corded Ware Culture area of influence. Therefore, we may see evidence that some women of Bell Beaker ethnic origin became part of the Corded Ware Culture.[3]

Descendant branches

Haplogroup H10e has currently three descendent branches, namely H10e1, H10e2 and H10e3, that are recognized by PhyloTree.[4][5] Additional branches, from H10e4 through H10e9, were named by YFull.[6]

Archeological record

Haplogroup H10e has been found at a neolithic site, namely the Bom Santo cave near Lisbon, Portugal. This is the oldest sample of H10 which has ever been found and it has been dated to 3735 BCE (+- 45 years). Out of 14 individuals analyzed there was only a single sample belonging to haplogroup H, namely a migrant male belonging to haplogroup H10e.[2]

In 2008 mitochondrial DNA was extracted from a gravesite in Eulau (2,600 BCE) which has been associated with the Corded Ware Culture. Haplogroup H10e was found in one individual out of nine tested.[7]

Furthermore, H10e has been found in a 10th-century sample from a male individual buried at the Zvonimirovo cemetery site in Croatia.[8]

There is also a strong Viking component with this haplogroup. The following samples from Scandianavia of the Viking age have all been associated with H10e:[9]

Viking era archeological samples of H10e from Scandinavia
Country Age Region Sex mtDNA Haplogroup Laboratory ID
Sweden 900-1050 AD Gotland Male H10e Gotland_Kopparsvik-212/65
Denmark 850-900 AD Sealand Female H10e1 Denmark_Lejre Grav 804
Estonia 8th century AD Saaremaa Male H10e Estonia_Salme_I-7
Estonia 8th century AD Saaremaa Male H10e Estonia_Salme_II-K

H10e has been found twice at the medieval Tuukkala archeological site in Finland. The Tuukkala site is located in north eastern Finland and has been dated to 1200 AD – 1400 AD. Two individuals (TU631 and TU645) both shared the same H10e-haplotype.[10]

GenBank samples

The following sequences that are informative of the past and present distributions of haplogroup H10e are among those that are part of the public database GenBank.

HaplogroupGenBank IDPopulationSource
H10eHQ662520FrenchFamilyTreeDNA
H10eJX153206FinlandRaule 2014[11]
H10eJX153631FinlandRaule 2014[11]
H10eJX171093FinlandSoini 2012[12]
H10eKF161060DenmarkLi 2014[13]
H10eKF161301DenmarkLi 2014[13]
H10eKF162739DenmarkLi 2014[13]
H10eKM576763SwedishFamilyTreeDNA
H10eKY670894RussiaMalyarchuk 2017[14]
H10eMF070512SwedishFamilyTreeDNA
H10eMG009577EnglishFamilyTreeDNA
H10eMN540515ancient FinlandÖversti 2019[10]
H10eMN540519ancient FinlandÖversti 2019[10]
H10eMN888511GermanyFamilyTreeDNA
H10eMT232751EnglishYSEQ
H10eOR438625PolandPiotrowska-Nowak 2023[15]
H10e1KF162232DenmarkLi 2014[13]
H10e1KF162434DenmarkLi 2014[13]
H10e1aOM194244KazakhAskapuli 2022[16]
H10e2HM101252EnglishFamilyTreeDNA
H10e2KF162694DenmarkLi 2014[13]
H10e2MG646161PolandPiotrowska-Nowak 2019[17]
H10e2OR438506PolandPiotrowska-Nowak 2023[15]
H10e3MF464490RussianFamilyTreeDNA
H10e3MZ846245ShetlandDulias 2022[18]
H10e3MZ846248ShetlandDulias 2022[18]
H10e3MZ846250ShetlandDulias 2022[18]
H10e3MZ846346ShetlandDulias 2022[18]
H10e3MZ846703ShetlandDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aKF162333DenmarkLi 2014[13]
H10e3aMZ846610ShetlandDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ846743OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ846755OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ846781OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ847073OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ847222OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ847226OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ847710OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ847741OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ847750OrkneyDulias 2022[18]
H10e3aMZ847752OrkneyDulias 2022[18]

Prominent members of H10e

Pierre Terrail (1473 – 30 April 1524), seigneur de Bayard, the legendary medieval French knight "without fear and beyond reproach", is thought to have carried mtDNA haplogroup H10e. This has been determined by DNA-testing both his exhumed remains and DNA-matching with living relatives on the maternal line.[19]

Marguerite de Baugé, dame de Mirabel (1200–1252), is an ancestor of Pierre Terrail and the presently oldest known member of H10e with an unbroken genealogical tree on the maternal line up the present.[20]

References

  1. 1 2 de Carvalho AF (2014). Bom Santo cave (Lisbon) and the middle neolithic societies of southern Portugal. Faro: Universidade do Algarve. ISBN 9789899766631. OCLC 946308166.
  2. 1 2 3 Behar DM, van Oven M, Rosset S, Metspalu M, Loogväli EL, Silva NM, Kivisild T, Torroni A, Villems R (April 2012). "A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root". American Journal of Human Genetics. 90 (4): 675–84. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.03.002. PMC 3322232. PMID 22482806.
  3. ↑ Brotherton P, Haak W, Templeton J, Brandt G, Soubrier J, Jane Adler C, Richards SM, Der Sarkissian C, Ganslmeier R, Friederich S, Dresely V, van Oven M, Kenyon R, Van der Hoek MB, Korlach J, Luong K, Ho SY, Quintana-Murci L, Behar DM, Meller H, Alt KW, Cooper A (2013-04-23). "Neolithic mitochondrial haplogroup H genomes and the genetic origins of Europeans". Nature Communications. 4 (1): 1764. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1764.. doi:10.1038/ncomms2656. PMC 3978205. PMID 23612305.
  4. ↑ "PhyloTree.org - mtDNA tree Build 17 (18 Feb 2016): subtree R0".
  5. ↑ Canada R (2016-06-06). "H10e". Haplogroup. Retrieved 2018-10-12.
  6. ↑ YFull MTree 1.02.21282 (as of 13 January 2024)
  7. ↑ Haak W, Brandt G, de Jong HN, Meyer C, Ganslmeier R, Heyd V, Hawkesworth C, Pike AW, Meller H, Alt KW (November 2008). "Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (47): 18226–31. Bibcode:2008PNAS..10518226H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807592105. PMC 2587582. PMID 19015520.
  8. ↑ Csősz A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Csákyová V, Langó P, Bódis V, Köhler K, Tömöry G, Nagy M, Mende BG (September 2016). "Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10(th) Century AD Hungarians". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 33446. Bibcode:2016NatSR...633446C. doi:10.1038/srep33446. PMC 5025779. PMID 27633963.
  9. ↑ Willerslev, Eske; Werge, Thomas; Nielsen, Rasmus; Kristiansen, Kristian; Hedeager, Lotte; Sindbæk, Søren; Bill, Jan; Allentoft, Morten; Gilbert, M. Thomas (2019-07-17). "Population genomics of the Viking world". bioRxiv. 585 (7825): 390–396. doi:10.1101/703405. hdl:10852/83989. PMID 32939067.
  10. 1 2 3 Översti, Sanni; Majander, Kerttu; Salmela, Elina; Salo, Kati; Arppe, Laura; Belskiy, Stanislav; Etu-Sihvola, Heli; Laakso, Ville; Mikkola, Esa; Pfrengle, Saskia; Putkonen, Mikko (2019-11-15). "Human mitochondrial DNA lineages in Iron-Age Fennoscandia suggest incipient admixture and eastern introduction of farming-related maternal ancestry". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 16883. Bibcode:2019NatSR...916883O. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51045-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6858343. PMID 31729399.
  11. 1 2 Raule, Nicola; Sevini, Federica; Li, Shengting; Barbieri, Annalaura; Tallaro, Federica; Lomartire, Laura; Vianello, Dario; Montesanto, Alberto; et al. (2014). "The co-occurrence of mtDNA mutations on different oxidative phosphorylation subunits, not detected by haplogroup analysis, affects human longevity and is population specific". Aging Cell. 13 (3): 401–407. doi:10.1111/acel.12186. PMC 4326891. PMID 24341918.
  12. ↑ Soini, Heidi K.; Moilanen, Jukka S.; Finnila, Saara; Majamaa, Kari (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Finnish patients with matrilineal diabetes mellitus". BMC Research Notes. 5: 350. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-350. PMC 3434112. PMID 22780954.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Li, Shengting; Besenbacher, Soren; Li, Yingrui; Kristiansen, Karsten; Grarup, Niels; Albrechtsen, Anders; Sparsø, Thomas; Korneliussen, Thorfinn; et al. (2014). "Variation and association to diabetes in 2000 full mtDNA sequences mined from an exome study in a Danish population". European Journal of Human Genetics. 22 (8): 1040–1045. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.282. PMC 4350597. PMID 24448545.
  14. ↑ Malyarchuk, Boris; Litvinov, Andrey; Derenko, Miroslava; Skonieczna, Katarzyna; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Grosheva, Aleksandra; Shneider, Yuri; Rychkov, Sergei; Zhukova, Olga (2017). "Mitogenomic diversity in Russians and Poles". Forensic Science International. Genetics. 30: 51–56. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.06.003. PMID 28633069.
  15. 1 2 Piotrowska-Nowak, Agnieszka; Safranow, Krzysztof; Adamczyk, Jakub G.; Sołtyszewski, Ireneusz; Cięszczyk, Paweł; Tońska, Katarzyna; Żekanowski, Cezary; Borzemska, Beata (2023). "Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Polish Elite Athletes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24 (16): 12992. doi:10.3390/ijms241612992. PMC 10454803. PMID 37629173.
  16. ↑ Askapuli, Ayken; Vilar, Miguel; Garcia-Ortiz, Humberto; Zhabagin, Maxat; Sabitov, Zhaxylyk; Akilzhanova, Ainur; Ramanculov, Erlan; Schamiloglu, Uli; et al. (2022). "Kazak mitochondrial genomes provide insights into the human population history of Central Eurasia". PLOS ONE. 17 (11): e0277771. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1777771A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0277771. PMC 9707748. PMID 36445929.
  17. ↑ Piotrowska-Nowak, Agnieszka; Kosior-Jarecka, Ewa L.; Schab, Aleksandra; Wrobel-Dudzinska, Dominika; Bartnik, Ewa; Zarnowski, Tomasz; Tonska, Katarzyna (2019). "Investigation of whole mitochondrial genome variation in normal tension glaucoma". Experimental Eye Research. 178: 186–197. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.004. PMID 30312593. S2CID 52974590.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Dulias, Katharina; Foody, George B.; Justeau, Pierre; Silva, Marina; Martiniano, Rui; Oteo-García, Gonzalo; Fichera, Alessandro; Rodrigues, Simão; et al. (2022). "Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 119 (8): e2108001119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11908001D. doi:10.1073/pnas.2108001119. PMC 8872714. PMID 35131896.
  19. ↑ "Chevalier Bayard, une identification ADN et des questions" [Chevalier Bayard, a DNA identification and questions]. FIGARO (in French). 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2018-10-12.
  20. ↑ "Bayard, le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche is Marguerite de Baugé, dame de Mirabel's 8th great grandson!". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 2018-10-13.
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