Haikou
海口話
Pronunciation[hai˨˩˧ xau˨˩˧ ue˨˧]
Native toSouthern China
RegionHaikou, Hainan
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologhain1237
Linguasphere79-AAA-ked

The Haikou dialect is a topolect of Chinese and a subvariety of Hainanese spoken in Haikou, the capital of the Hainan province and island of China.

Phonology

The Haikou dialect has the following initials:[4]

LabialDentalSibilantVelarGlottal
Stop / Affricate voiceless ttskʔ
voiced implosive ɓɗ
Nasal mnŋ
Fricative voiceless fsxh
voiced vz
Lateral l

The finals are:[5]

Vocalic codas Nasal codas Stop codas
aaiauamaŋapak
iaiauiamiaŋiapiak
uauaiuaŋuak
ɛeeŋek
ue
oɔiɔuɔmɔŋɔpɔk
ioiɔŋiɔk
iiuiminipit
uuiunoŋukok

There are also two syllabic nasals, /m̩/ and /ŋ̍/.[5]

The tone categories (described using Chao tone letters) are:[5][6]

levelrisingdepartingentering
upper 24213355
lower 21 33 3
55ʔ

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References

  1. ↑ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
  2. ↑ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  4. ↑ Chen (1996), p. 4.
  5. 1 2 3 Chen (1996), p. 5.
  6. ↑ Yan (2006), p. 142.

Sources

  • Chen, Hongmai (1996), Hǎikǒu fāngyán cídiǎn 海口方言詞典 [Haikou dialect dictionary], Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects, vol. 16, Nanjing: Jiangsu Education Press, ISBN 978-7-5343-2886-2.
  • Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
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