Exafroplacentalia
Temporal range: Paleocene - Holocene,
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Placentalia
Clade: Exafroplacentalia
Waddell et al, 2001[1]
Subgroups

Exafroplacentalia or Notolegia is a clade of placental mammals proposed in 2001 on the basis of molecular research.[1][2][3]

Exafroplacentalia places Xenarthra as a sister group to the Boreoeutheria (comprising Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires),[4] thus making Afrotheria a primitive group of placental mammals (the group name roughly means "those which are not African placentals").

Classification

Eutheria  

Afrotheria

  Exafroplacentalia  

Xenarthra

  Boreoeutheria  
   

Laurasiatheria

   

Euarchontoglires

However, this classification makes the autapomorphy (character shared only among Exafroplacentalia) dubious: it is hard to classify a group by the absence of a feature (in this case "not coming from Africa").[5] Hence, several alternative hypotheses can be considered.

Alternative hypotheses

One alternative hypothesis is the Epitheria hypothesis:

Placentalia

Xenarthra

Epitheria

Afrotheria

Boreoeutheria

Euarchontoglires

Laurasiatheria

Another alternative hypothesis is the Atlantogenata hypothesis:

Eutheria
Atlantogenata

Xenarthra

Afrotheria

Boreoeutheria

Euarchontoglires

Laurasiatheria

Updated analysis of transposable element insertions around the time of divergence strongly supports the fourth hypothesis of a near-concomitant origin of the three superorders of mammals:[5]

Eutheria

Xenarthra

Afrotheria

Boreoeutheria

Euarchontoglires

Laurasiatheria

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Waddell, Peter J.; Kishino, Hirohisa; Ota, Rissa (2001). "A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics". Genome Informatics. 12: 141–154. doi:10.11234/gi1990.12.141. PMID 11791233.
  2. Murphy, W.J., Pringle, T.H., Crider, T.A., Springer, M.S. & Miller, W. 2007. Using genomic data to unravel the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Genome Research 17, pp.413-421.
  3. Kriegs, J.O., Churakov, G., Kiefmann, M., Jordan, U., Brosius, J. & Schmitz, J. 2006. Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals. Plos Biol 4, pp.e91.
  4. Goloboff, Pablo A.; Catalano, Santiago A.; Mirande, J. Marcos; Szumik, Claudia A.; Arias, J. Salvador; Källersjö, Mari; Farris, James S. (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups". Cladistics. 25 (3): 211–230. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x. hdl:11336/78055. PMID 34879616.
  5. 1 2 Nishihara, H., Maruyama, S. & Okada, N. 2009. Retroposon analysis and recent geological data suggest near-simultaneous divergence of the three superorders of placental mammals. PNAS 106: 5235-40.

Further reading

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