Dresden
Community
Motto: 
Discover Dresden: The Charm – The Beauty – The Lifestyle
Dresden is located in Municipality of Chatham-Kent
Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is located in Southern Ontario
Dresden
Dresden
Coordinates: 42°35′25″N 82°10′54″W / 42.59028°N 82.18167°W / 42.59028; -82.18167
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
MunicipalityChatham-Kent
Population
 • Total2,800
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Forward sortation area
N0P 1M0
Area code(s)519 and 226
NTS Map040J09
GNBC CodeFAZSG
Websitedresden.ca

Dresden is an agricultural community in southwestern Ontario, Canada, part of the municipality of Chatham-Kent. It is located on the Sydenham River. The community is named after Dresden, Germany. The major field crops in the area, by both acreage and production, are grain corn, soybean, and winter wheat.[1] The main horticultural crop is tomatoes, followed by sweet corn and carrots.[2]

Dresden is best known as the home of Josiah Henson, an African-Canadian abolitionist and minister whose life-story was an inspiration for the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Henson homestead is a historic site near Dresden operated by the Ontario Heritage Trust.

An H chondrite-type meteorite fell near Dresden in 1939.[3]: 64–65 

History

Centennial table flag (1982) with achievement including the motto Vestigia nulla retrorsum

Before European settlement

Dresden lies within what was, in succession, the province of Quebec (from 1763), Upper Canada (1791), the Canada West division of United Canada (1841), and after Confederation, Ontario (1867).

In the late 18th century, the future site of the community lay in Kent County in the Western District. The region was covered with a largely unbroken hardwood forest, and deer, bear, wolves, foxes and wild turkeys roamed in abundance.[4]: 3 [5]: 379  First Nations peoples used fire to clear land for campgrounds, to improve the habitat of game animals, and for cultivation. A network of foot and portage trails was well established, often running parallel to or between major waterways and along lake shorelines. Forest cover is estimated to have been over 80%.[6]

In 1790, leaders of the Odawa, Potawatomi, and Chippewa First Nations,[lower-roman 1] together with leaders of the Huron Nations of Detroit, signed a treaty[7][lower-roman 2] with the British Crown.[lower-roman 3] Known as Treaty No. 2 or the McKee Purchase, it ceded a large tract of land lying between Lake Erie and the Thames River, including the area currently known as Chatham-Kent.[8] [lower-roman 4] Subsequently, Treaty No. 25, the Longwoods Treaty, was signed in 1822 between leaders of the Chippewa First Nation and the Crown.[9] It confirmed provisional agreements, reached in earlier years,[10]: xi  for the Chippewa to cede an area to the north that adjoined much of the upper boundary of the McKee Purchase.[8]

A map produced by Ontario's Ministry of Indigenous Affairs shows present-day Dresden inside the area ceded by the McKee Purchase, with the northern outskirts close to the later Longwoods Treaty's boundary.[11] However, today's community may lie partially in both, as Camden Gore, which became part of the site of Dresden,[12][13][5]: 379  was excluded from the scope of the 1790 treaty, only to be included in the 1822 one.[10]: viii  These treaty boundaries have largely not been surveyed.[14]

Paving the way for settlement, systematic surveys along the Thames and the Sydenham began in the 1790s under Patrick McNiff and Abraham Iredell, who were deputy surveyors, successively, of the Western District.[15][16]

Settlement and founding

The first settler recorded on the present-day site of Dresden, in 1825, was Gerard Lindsley,[lower-roman 5] who moved there from the Thames River Settlement.[17]: 3  In 1846, Daniel VanAllen,[lower-roman 6] a Chatham merchant, bought the Lindsley farm and laid out a town plot.[17]: 6  By 1849, a steam-powered sawmill and a grist-mill in the neighbouring Dawn Settlement were helping drive the economy of a community expanding on both banks of the head of navigation of the Sydenham River.[18]: 103  Dresden's post office was established in 1854.[19] By 1864, Dresden was prospering, with its principal business the shipping of squared-up timber, staves, and cordwood. The estimated population was 500.[20] Dresden's first newspaper, The Gazette, published in 1871, was succeeded by the long-running Dresden Times in 1873.[17]: 9 

In 1872, Dresden was incorporated as a village, and in 1882, as a town.[18]: 106  It lost this status in 1998, when it became part of the new municipality of Chatham-Kent.[21]

The founding of Dresden is commemorated by a plaque.[22] In 1954, Dresden celebrated[23] and commemorated[4] the centennial of establishing its post office; in 1982, the centennial of its incorporation as a town;[24][25] and in 1997, 125 years since it formally became a village.[26] In 2007, Dresden celebrated the 125th year since its founding.

Underground Railroad

An important terminus of the Underground Railroad's overland and maritime routes, Dresden is situated near the former Dawn Settlement, a community of refugees from slavery. Dawn developed around the British-American Institute, a vocational school whose principal founder, in 1842, was Josiah Henson. The grounds of the Settlement are now the site of the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History (formerly Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site).[27][28] The Museum lies just outside Dresden's borders at the corner of Park St. and Freedom Road (formerly Uncle Tom's Road).[29]

Trillium Trail

For many years, the town and its community organizations (including the Horticultural Society, Rotary and IODE) have worked to develop Dresden's historical legacy and enhance its natural features, particularly the Sydenham River.[30]

Since the 100-year flood of 1968,[31] Dresden's floodplain has been improved with the addition of landscaped parks, an arboretum featuring the area's Carolinian forest flora,[32] and the 5.8 km Trillium Trail, which includes a historical walk section.[lower-roman 7] The trailhead and interpretive centre is on St. George Street, near the bridge over the Sydenham.[33] The 2.4 km historical walk has numerous plaques describing over 50 sites connected to key figures and industries that helped shape the town.[34] In addition, a variety of commemorative barn quilts are displayed around Dresden.[35] They celebrate a history that, while typical of rural settlements in the region, is unique to Dresden, given its strong ties to the Underground Railroad.[36] Dresden's barn quilts are also part of the "Into the Dawn" barn quilt trail covering over 50 sites in Dresden, Oil Springs, Tupperville, Shetland, Croton and Bothwell.[37]

As well as Josiah Henson, other prominent figures linked to the Underground Railroad once called Dresden home. Research carried out when preparing the Trillium Trail's historical walk (jointly verified with the Promised Land Project)[38] revealed that from 1853 to 1873, large sections of the town's original site were owned by William Whipper, a leading member of William Still's Underground Railroad network.[39] Several houses from this period survive.[40] The local Catherine McVean Chapter of IODE offers tours to those who wish to learn about Dresden's history, and several plaques around the town, installed by the Ontario Heritage Trust, commemorate important events that helped shape the community.[41] The Trust has also produced a series of short videos about Dresden and the Dawn Settlement.[42]

The North Star: Finding Black Mecca, a 2021 film about Chatham-Kent's Black communities and their history, was partly filmed in Dresden.[43][44]

Landmarks

Many of Dresden's landmark buildings are regarded as cultural heritage assets, and are legally protected to ensure their conservation.[45]

Designated properties

Six have been entered in the official heritage register as designated properties, which means they can neither be altered nor demolished:[46]

  • Dresden Library, housed at 187 Brown Street in an original Carnegie library building constructed in 1913 and refurbished in 2000;
  • Switzer house at 220 Hughes Street, built ca. 1905;
  • Watson house, 480 Hughes Street, ca. 1870;
  • McVean house, 788 North Street, ca. 1901;
  • Dresden Creamery Building, 303 St. George Street, ca. 1880;
  • Dresden Municipal Centre, 485 St. George Street, ca. 1912.

Listed properties

Another 18 buildings are registered as listed properties. The owner of such a property cannot alter or demolish it without first giving the municipality the opportunity to designate it.[lower-roman 8] Dresden's listed properties include several houses on Hughes Street and Metcalfe Avenue; St. James Presbyterian Church and Christ Church Anglican; and the entirety of the main commercial block on St. George Street.[47]

Further landmarks

Further landmarks include St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, St. Michael's Church, Dresden Community Church, the Christian Reformed Church, the First Regular Baptist Church (the oldest in Dresden),[48] and the North Dresden Baptist Church; the Dresden Cenotaph, and the war memorial and memorial field in Dresden Cemetery; Dresden Raceway; the Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre; Dresden Bridge over the Sydenham River; the Dresden Water Tower;[49] the Rotary Bandshell in Dresden Rotary Memorial Gardens; and, just outside Dresden, the Josiah Henson House (a designated property) in the grounds of the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History.

Roads and trails

When travelling west on Highway 401 from the direction of Toronto, Dresden is a 29 km drive from Exit 109 along County Road (CR) 21 via Thamesville.[50] Travelling east from the direction of Detroit and taking Exit 101, Dresden is 25 km away on CR 15, with a short leg on CR 21.[51] From Dresden, CR 21 continues northwards (as North Street and then St. George Street) and on into Lambton County, linking Oil Springs, Petrolia, and Wyoming. It eventually intersects King's Highway 402, which runs westwards to the Canada–USA border at Blue Water Bridge, and eastwards to London to meet King's Highway 401.

CR 15, skirting Dresden to the south, links the community to Wallaceburg in the west, and runs southeast, via Kent Bridge, to Rondeau Provincial Park on the shores of Lake Erie. CR 78 provides a connection to Wallaceburg from the northern end of Dresden. From Thamesville (reached via CR 21 from Dresden), CR 2 runs southwest to Chatham and northeast to London. Further numbered roads provide links to other population centres in Chatham-Kent and adjacent counties.[52]

Public transit is provided by the municipality's Ride CK service.[53] Route A connects Dresden to Wallaceburg and Chatham.[54] Several private companies have started operating long-distance intercity coach services since Greyhound withdrew from Canada in 2021.[55]

The multi-use Trans-Canada Trail, also known as the Great Trail, skirts the southwestern edge of Dresden[56] and connects to the Great Lakes Waterfront Trail at Clearville in the southeast of Chatham-Kent and, in the northwest, to the St. Clair River Trail at Whitebread. Within Dresden, the Trillium Trail provides a natural-surface and off-road connection between downtown and the Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History. Dresden is also part of the Underground Railroad Bicycle Route, with a spur taking in Windsor, North Buxton, Chatham, and Dresden,[57] and of a barn quilt trail, "Into the Dawn".[37]

Planes and trains

Detroit Metropolitan Airport, often referred to as DTW, is the nearest major international airport to Dresden. There are many smaller airports in Chatham-Kent and adjacent counties.[58]

The nearest railway station to Dresden is Chatham train station. It is served by Via Rail services running between Toronto and Windsor.

Local government and services

Local government is provided by the Municipality of Chatham-Kent. Its responsibilities include the provision, management or oversight of water treatment, parks, libraries, garbage collection, public transit, land-use planning,[lower-roman 9] traffic signs and lights, police, paramedics, fire services, sewers, homeless shelters, childcare, and recreation centres.[59] The Municipality's governing council has 18 members: the mayor,[60] elected municipality-wide, and 17 councillors, elected across six municipal wards.[61] Dresden is within the ward of North Kent (Ward 4), which has two councillors.[62] At the last election, in 2022, Jamie McGrail[63] and Rhonda Jubenville[64] were elected to represent North Kent for a four-year term (2022-2026).[65]

In Dresden, the Municipal Service Centre at 485 St. George Street provides access to all municipal services and also to services provided by the provincial government of Ontario, such as driver’s licences and licence plates, Ontario Photo Cards[lower-roman 10], health cards, birth certificates, and other essential documents.[66] Ontario's responsibilities include health, education, river and road vehicle licensing, energy, human rights, natural resources, the environment, and social services.

Community organisations

A wide range of voluntary organisations, non-profits, sports clubs, fraternities and service clubs are active in Dresden. They include:

  • 1st Dresden Brownies & Girl Guides
  • Catherine McVean Chapter, IODE
  • CKY Advisory Group (Chatham-Kent to the Power of Young People)
  • Czech Hall (community hall)
  • Downtown Dresden BIA (Business Improvement Area)
  • Dresden & District Horticultural Society
  • Dresden Agricultural Society
  • Dresden Archives Group
  • Dresden Community Development Association
  • Dresden Community Food Bank
  • Dresden Community Healthcare Foundation
  • Dresden Dog Park Committee
  • Dresden EarlyON Child and Family Centre
  • Dresden Lawn Bowling Club
  • Dresden Jr. Kings (ice hockey)
  • Dresden Minor Baseball
  • Dresden Minor Hockey
  • Dresden Shines Volunteer Squad
  • Dresden Sidestreets Youth Centre
  • Dresden Skating Club
  • Dresden Slo-Pitch League
  • Dresden Stingrays (swim team)
  • Dresden Terry Fox Run Committee
  • Dresden Virtual History Group
  • Dresden Volunteer Firefighters Association
  • Friends of Dresden Library
  • Kent Federation of Agriculture
  • Kinsmen Club of Dresden
  • Knights of Columbus, Dresden
  • Lambton-Kent Composite School Booster Club
  • Rotary Club of Dresden
  • Royal Canadian Legion Branch 113 Dresden
  • Sydenham Field Naturalists

Events, Sports and Dresden Fair

Events

Regular events include a "Show & Shine" for classic cars, and weekly concerts on Thursday evenings in the summer at Rotary Park. Each year, a Terry Fox Run takes place on the second Sunday after Labour Day, and 1 August, Emancipation Day, is celebrated. Inductions into the Dresden Sports Hall of Fame are made every two years in a ceremony at the Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre.[67] A Guest Worker Appreciation Day, welcoming Jamaican and other seasonal workers for the tomato-canning season, was held for the first time in August 2023.[68][69]

The National Day for Truth and Reconciliation, colloquially known by its original name of Orange Shirt Day, is observed on 30 September. It recognises the impact and legacy of the Indian residential school system on First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples. Remembrance Day is observed on 11 November: it commemorates the war dead, military veterans, and those who continue to serve Canada during times of war, conflict, and peace.

Towards Christmas, there is a "Christmas House" tour, the ceremonial illumination of a "Tree of Tribute" to honour loved ones, and a Christmas night market. A night market is also held in the summer, and shops, entertainment venues and cultural amenities open late, year-round, on "Merry & Bright Thursday Nights".[70]

Sports

Dresden has several sports fields, a skateboard park, a lawn bowling green, and a community swimming pool. The Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre is the home arena of the Dresden Jr. Kings junior ice hockey team.

Harness races are held at the Dresden Raceway in the warmer months. The Raceway has a ½-mile oval track with a grandstand, and offers a range of betting and dining options. The track is also used to train pacer and trotter horses, and for occasional demolition derbies and truck and tractor pulls.[71]

Dresden Fair

The Dresden Fair, with an exhibition, a cattle show, and a midway, takes place over three successive days towards the end of July each year.[72] It has been held, in one form or another, for nearly 150 years.[73]

Downtown

Downtown runs for about three blocks, with many stores and businesses serving locals, the surrounding communities, and tourists.[74] The streets are lined with planters maintained by the Horticultural Society and other volunteers. In October, just before Halloween, lampposts are decorated with cornstalks and scarecrows.

There is a grocery store, a drug store, jewellery and gifts, photography studio, a hardware store, post office, automotive supplies, dentist, doctors, optometrist, a gym, legal advice, a community healthcare centre,[75] and more.

Media

The community publishes a weekly newsletter, WhatsUpDresden![76] Many of Dresden's community organisations have a presence on social media, notably Facebook.[77]

Several local and regional newspapers and national news outlets typically cover events in Dresden:

  • CBC News (and radio)
  • Chatham Daily News
  • Chatham-Kent This Week
  • Chatham Voice
  • CK News Today
  • Global News Canada
  • Sydenham Current
  • The Herald
  • Wallaceburg Courier Press

The trade press, such as The Grower and Tomato News, cover agribusiness.

Several weekly newspapers used to be published in Dresden: The Gazette, Dresden Times, Dresden News, North-Kent Leader, and Dresden Leader-Spirit. Chatham-Kent Public Library maintains a comprehensive (though incomplete) archive that can be consulted at the Dresden Library branch.[78]

A number of radio stations broadcast or stream from Chatham-Kent.[79]

Human rights: the Dresden story

After military service in World War II, Hugh Burnett returned to his home town of Dresden to set up a carpentry business. He found that some restaurants refused to serve him because he was Black. In 1948, he and other African-Canadians founded the National Unity Association (NUA) to campaign to make such discrimination illegal. Among their first acts was the circulation of a petition to 118 business owners and local politicians asking for support to end the practice in Dresden. 115 signed in favour. Then, after sustained lobbying by the NUA, the town held a referendum in December 1949 that asked: "Do you approve of the council passing a bylaw licensing restaurants in Dresden and restraining the owner or owners from refusing service regardless of race, colour or creed?" Out of 1250 eligible voters, 625 voted. However, only 108 votes were cast in favour, with 517 against – the approximate ratio of Black to non-Black residents of Dresden.[80]

This outcome galvanized support for an anti-discrimination law to be adopted at provincial level. The campaign culminated in March 1954, when Burnett was part of a large delegation of labour, church and civil society organizations that presented the case for legislation directly to Ontario Premier Leslie Frost and his cabinet. Soon after, the Ontario Fair Accommodation Practices Act was passed, and came into effect in June that year. It stated that: "No person shall deny to any person or class of persons the accommodation, services or facilities available in any place to which the public is customarily admitted because of the race, creed, colour, nationality, ancestry or place of origin of such person or class of persons."[81]

However, some restaurants and barbershops still refused to serve African-Canadians. Justice William Schwenger investigated the complaints as a one-man commission. On the basis of his recommendations, Charles Daley, the minister of labour, declined to prosecute two Dresden restaurant owners who had refused to serve Black people. Daley said "I understand these people will in future obey the law, although I have not spoken directly to them".[82]

To test this assertion, on October 29, 1954, Hugh Burnett, Bromley Armstrong and Ruth Lor Malloy[83] went to Kay's Café, Morley McKay's restaurant, with a reporter. They were denied service.[84] McKay was the first person to be charged under the Act.[85] A few months after the conclusion of a long legal battle,[86] McKay opened his restaurant to everyone.[87]

In 1954, the conflicting attitudes of Black and non-Black Dresden residents over the issue were recorded in The Dresden Story, a 30-minute National Film Board documentary.[88]

On July 31, 2010, a bilingual plaque to honour Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association was unveiled in Dresden.[89] The English version reads:

Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association

Between 1948 and 1956, the National Unity Association (NUA) of Chatham, Dresden and North Buxton, under the leadership of Hugh R. Burnett, waged a campaign for racial equality and social justice. Their efforts led to the passage of Ontario's Fair Employment Practices Act (1951) and Fair Accommodation Practices Act (1954), and laid the groundwork for subsequent human rights legislation in Ontario and across Canada. Traditional Anglo-Canadian rights, such as freedom of association and freedom of commerce, had historically been interpreted to permit discrimination on grounds of race, colour or creed in providing services to the public. The NUA inspired recognition of freedom from discrimination as a fundamental principle; this led to a revolutionary change to the course of Canadian law and Canadian history. Hugh Burnett and the NUA were early pioneers in the articulation of equality rights for all Canadians, now constitutionally inscribed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[80]

In 1871, 72% of Dresden's 700 residents were Black Canadians. This number has steadily declined over the years. By 1949, Dresden was 17% Black.[90] The proportion of Black residents dropped to 11% in 2001, and reached a historic low of 5.5% in 2016.[91]

Ecology

Management and governance

Under Ontario’s scheme of ecological land classification,[92]: 1  Dresden is in the St. Thomas ecodistrict,[92]: 412  near the border with the neigbouring ecodistrict of Essex.[92]: 406  Its hinterland straddles both. An ecodistrict[lower-roman 11] is characterized by a distinctive assemblage of terrain, landforms, geology, soil, vegetation, water bodies, and fauna.[93]

Dresden and its locale are under the jurisdiction of the St. Clair Region Conservation Authority, which covers the Sydenham River watershed and smaller watersheds draining into southern Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, and northeastern Lake St. Clair.[94] The Authority is responsible for reducing risks to life and property from flooding and erosion; water and land stewardship; forestry; wildlife habitat creation; and outdoor recreation.

Dresden also sits within the Thames-Sydenham & Region Source Protection Region,[95] where a committee oversees the implementation of a plan to protect current and future sources of drinking-water.

Geology

The movement of glaciers and the influence of glacial lakes shaped the geology of the area around Dresden. Some 13 000 years ago, glacial Lake Whittlesey, followed by Lake Warren, covered most of the ecodistrict.[92]: 413  Lake sediment settled in depressions, smoothing contours. This gently rolling landscape is now dominated by morainal deposits – rocky material of varying sizes carried (or pushed) and deposited by glacier ice – overlying carbonate-rich Palaeozoic bedrock. Glaciofluvial and alluvial deposits are found in the larger river valleys, including those of the Sydenham.

Fertile, grey-brown luvisolic soils dominate the area. These developed under the original forest cover from glacial deposits, and are favoured for agricultural and horticultural crops. Regosols are associated with alluvial deposits, such as along the Sydenham, whereas clayey gleysols are common in areas with poor drainage.[92]: 409  Gleysols dominate to the west, in the Essex ecodistrict.[92]: 403 

Land cover and vegetation

Over 80% of the landscape around Dresden is cropland or pasture, while 15% is deciduous forest (there is little coniferous), found mainly in parks, stewardship lands,[lower-roman 12] and natural heritage[lower-roman 13] areas.[92]: 410  Mature forest is characterized by sugar maple (hard maple), American beech, white and Northern red oak, shagbark hickory, black walnut, and white walnut (butternut). Fresh, moist sites favour species including American elm, eastern cottonwood, balsam poplar, Manitoba maple, and silver maple (soft maple), with tulip tree, sycamore, and bitternut hickory preferring slopes. Dry, warm sites best suit black and chinquapin oak.[96][92]: 410–411  Many more species – common, less common and rare – inhabit the area:[97] some in the Sydenham River watershed are at risk.[98] Dresden's arboretum has examples of many native species.

Fauna

Characteristic wildlife species include white-tailed deer, grey and red squirrel, racoon, and chipmunk. Bird species include the cardinal, wood thrush, screech-owl, great horned owl, mourning dove, green heron, pileated and red-bellied woodpecker, red-tailed hawk, northern harrier, and wild turkey.[99]

The Sydenham River is populated by many species of fish and mussels, and, in its watershed, a range of amphibians, turtles, snakes, and dragonflies. However, a number of these species are at risk.[100]

Climate

The climate is mild, and classified as humid continental (Köppen climate classification Dfb), which closely borders on the Dfa type.

Summer days can be hot and humid, with a July high of 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) and a low of 15.7 °C (60.3 °F). In an average summer, temperatures reach or exceed 30 °C (86.0 °F) on 16 days a year.[101]

Winters are cold, with a January high of −2.3 °C (27.9 °F) and a low of −9.0 °C (15.8 °F). Mild spells of weather occasionally lead to temperatures in excess of 10 °C (50.0 °F) for one or two days, while arctic air masses can bring temperatures below −20 °C (−4.0 °F) for one to three days.[101] As Dresden is outside the snowbelt, which begins near London, Ontario, winter precipitation is usually low and snow-cover intermittent throughout the season, with an average annual snowfall of only 84.6 centimetres (33.3 in).

Climate data for Dresden, Ontario (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.5
(59.9)		 15.0
(59.0)		 24.4
(75.9)		 30.0
(86.0)		 35.5
(95.9)		 38.0
(100.4)		 36.5
(97.7)		 36.5
(97.7)		 34.4
(93.9)		 30.6
(87.1)		 22.8
(73.0)		 17.8
(64.0)		 38.0
(100.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 4.8
(40.6)		 12.2
(54.0)		 19.6
(67.3)		 24.7
(76.5)		 27.1
(80.8)		 25.9
(78.6)		 21.4
(70.5)		 14.6
(58.3)		 6.9
(44.4)		 1.1
(34.0)		 12.9
(55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.5
(22.1)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 0.7
(33.3)		 7.3
(45.1)		 13.9
(57.0)		 19.1
(66.4)		 21.4
(70.5)		 20.3
(68.5)		 16.0
(60.8)		 10.0
(50.0)		 3.5
(38.3)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 8.4
(47.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2)		 −7.9
(17.8)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 2.4
(36.3)		 8.1
(46.6)		 13.4
(56.1)		 15.8
(60.4)		 14.7
(58.5)		 10.6
(51.1)		 5.3
(41.5)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 3.8
(38.8)
Record low °C (°F) −30.0
(−22.0)		 −25.6
(−14.1)		 −22.2
(−8.0)		 −13.0
(8.6)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 0.0
(32.0)		 5.5
(41.9)		 0.0
(32.0)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 −8.0
(17.6)		 −12.0
(10.4)		 −25.0
(−13.0)		 −30.0
(−22.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 51.5
(2.03)		 48.5
(1.91)		 55.4
(2.18)		 79.5
(3.13)		 76.5
(3.01)		 90.2
(3.55)		 80.4
(3.17)		 80.2
(3.16)		 107.5
(4.23)		 68.7
(2.70)		 84.8
(3.34)		 65.6
(2.58)		 888.9
(35.00)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 25.1
(0.99)		 25.2
(0.99)		 41.0
(1.61)		 74.4
(2.93)		 76.5
(3.01)		 90.2
(3.55)		 80.4
(3.17)		 80.2
(3.16)		 107.5
(4.23)		 68.5
(2.70)		 81.5
(3.21)		 45.4
(1.79)		 796.0
(31.34)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 26.5
(10.4)		 23.3
(9.2)		 14.3
(5.6)		 5.2
(2.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.2
(0.1)		 3.3
(1.3)		 20.2
(8.0)		 93.0
(36.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 11.5 9.8 11.2 13.7 10.8 9.5 10.1 10.2 11.5 11.1 12.1 13.4 134.7
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 4.4 4.4 8.1 12.9 10.8 9.5 10.1 10.2 11.5 11.1 11.0 7.9 111.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 7.5 5.9 3.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.06 1.2 7.2 27.0
Source: Environment Canada[101]

Education

An elementary school, Dresden Area Central School, and a secondary school, Lambton-Kent Composite School, serve Dresden and communities nearby.

The Dresden Sidestreets Youth Centre provides afterschool activities.

Industry and businesses

Dresden has a wide array of many small businesses, ranging from gas stations to restaurants, specialty retail stores and service providers. The community maintains a business and organization directory, browsable by the following categories:[102] accommodations – agricultural – attractions – automotive – churches – community organizations – construction – financial services – food & drink – grocery & convenience – healthcare – home & garden – manufacturing – mental health – parks & green space – pets – professional services – psychotherapy – services – shopping – sports & recreation – venues.

Since 1947, Dresden has hosted ConAgra Foods' tomato processing plant, a major local employer.[103] In September 2023, the parent company announced a significant upgrade and expansion of the facility.[104]

Other firms based in Dresden include Martinrea Metallic Canada Inc., part of Martinrea International, an auto parts manufacturer; Richkote Metal Finishing Inc.; Waste Wood Disposal Ltd.; and MPT Inc., a provider of automated manufacturing systems.

Notable people

This is an evolving list of notable people who were either born or lived in Dresden, Ontario, spent a formative part of their career there, or are otherwise associated with the community. The list is arranged by year of birth.

  • William Whipper (1804–1876), an African-American businessman and abolitionist, made substantial foundational investments in land, property and businesses in Dresden.
  • William P. Newman (1810/15–1866), a fugitive slave who became a Baptist minister, made numerous mission trips to Canada, founding schools and writing on abolitionist themes. A headmaster at the British-American Institute, he raised much of the funding for the construction of the First Regular Baptist Church in Dresden, and was its first pastor.[upper-alpha 1]
  • Alexander "Alex" Trerice (1835–1900) was the first reeve of the newly incorporated village of Dresden (1872), and the first mayor after town status was conferred (1882). In 1878, he served as warden (head of government) of Kent County. He set up a shipyard in Dresden, where he built and launched three steamboats and two sailing ships, and was a founding investor in the Erie & Huron Railway linking Dresden with Chatham and Wallaceburg.[upper-alpha 3]
  • Asa Ribble (1841–1911), a sailor who attained the rank of captain, served eight terms as mayor of Dresden (dying in office), and for some years as reeve, representing Dresden in Kent County Council. During his first term as mayor, in 1889, he oversaw the construction of a new bridge over the Sydenham River, replacing the 1864 original. He was also superintendent of agriculture for the short-lived Dresden Sugar Refining Company, which processed sugar beet.[upper-alpha 4]
  • Lucretia Newman Coleman (1856–1948), a Dresden-born African-American writer and journalist, published articles on scientific and philosophical themes that were well received by her contemporaries. Her poems, and her novelised biography of Benjamin Arnett, Poor Ben: A Story of Real Life, were critically acclaimed.
  • Tom MacInnes (né Thomas Robert Edward McInnes) (1867–1951), son of Thomas Robert McInnes, was a Canadian poet and writer whose works include Lonesome Bar (1909; recollections of the Yukon gold rush), The Teaching of the Old Boy (1927; a translation of and commentary on Lao-tzu’s philosophy), and three collections of poems.[upper-alpha 5] MacInnes's portrait hangs in Dresden Library.
  • Daniel "Dan" Solomon (1895–1968), farmer, excavated the main 40 kg mass of the Dresden meteorite from the field where it fell on 11 July 1939.[3]: 66  In November 2003, the University of Western Ontario, whose Department of Earth Sciences had recently searched the area for fragments, hosted three generations of Solomon's descendants at a tribute dinner[3]: 70  and established an annual Can$500 student award, the "Solomon Family Award in Planetary Science".[upper-alpha 6]
  • Hugh Burnett (1918–1991), a carpenter in Dresden and Canadian civil rights leader, co-founded the anti-discrimination National Unity Association, whose efforts led to the passage of Ontario's Fair Employment Practices Act (1951) and Fair Accommodation Practices Act (1954). This paved the way for subsequent anti-discrimination legislation in Ontario and across Canada.
  • Donald George Spearman (1922–1994), community newspaper publisher and editor, was hired as a reporter for the Dresden News in 1939, rising to become its editor. He later helped establish the North-Kent Leader and then became managing editor in Dresden of Leader Publications, responsible for three weeklies and several agricultural newspapers.[upper-alpha 8]
  • Anthony "Tony" Stranak (1927–1989), mayor of Dresden for many years, is commemorated by the Tony Stranak Conservation Area, a park in Dresden. He was also a member of the board of the St. Clair Region Conservation Authority, and the Tony Stranak Conservation Scholarship, an award of Can$500 to one candidate each year, is presented in his memory from a trust fund established through community and municipal donations.
  • Ruth Lor Malloy (née Lor) (born 1932), Canadian journalist, writer, and activist, was a key figure in the fight against discrimination in Ontario in the 1950s, and participated, with Bromley Armstrong and Hugh Burnett, in the 1954 sit-ins in Dresden restaurants that refused to serve Blacks. Her memoir Brightening My Corner: a Memoir of Dreams Fulfilled was published in 2023.

Further information

  1. ↑ He worked closely with Samuel H. Davis. See: Ontario Heritage Trust Provincial Plaque Program (31 July 2010). First Regular Baptist Church, Dresden. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  2. ↑ He was a great friend of Josiah Henson, who wrote a tribute to him in the second version of his autobiography. See: Henson, Josiah (1876). Lobb, John (ed.). ""Uncle Tom's story of his life" : an autobiography of the Rev. Josiah Henson (Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom") : from 1789 to 1876". Internet Archive. London: Christian Age Office. pp. 200–203. Retrieved 28 December 2023. For sixteen or seventeen years he worked most zealously as a missionary in Canada ; he was always my devoted friend[.]
  3. ↑ One of the steamboats, the Byron Trerice, named after his son, ran a freight and passenger service out of Dresden that called at numerous ports along the Sydenham and on the Great Lakes. See: Rhodes, John (25 January 2016). "Dresden-built Byron Trerice called at several local ports". Chatham-Kent This Week. Postmedia. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  4. ↑ Captain Ribble was at one time the owner of several vessels plying between Dresden and Detroit. He was also instrumental in establishing, in 1901, Dresden's first vegetable-canning factory. See: "Commemorative biographical record of the County of Kent, Ontario : containing biographical sketches of prominent and representative citizens and many of the early settled families : Illustrated" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Toronto: J. H. Beers. 1904. p. 192, entry for Capt. Asa Ribble, col. 2. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  5. ↑ In his boyhood, he knew Josiah Henson, and later dedicated a poem to him. See: Bernard, Jackie; Carter, Marie (3 March 2022). "Josiah Henson and McInnes Family Friendship" (video). Discovering Dawn. Episode 4. Ontario Heritage Trust. 4:33 minutes in. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  6. ↑ He sold the meteorite mass he had extracted to a speculator for a sum far below its worth.[3]: 66–67  The University of Western Ontario eventually bought it. See: "Meteorite's Purchaser Has an Eye to Business : Dr. Luke Smith Receives Many Offers, But Waits for 'Top' Bid". The Brantford Expositor. Chatham, Ontario. 14 July 1939. p. 5. Retrieved 15 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com. Mrs. Dan Solomon, wife of the farmer who sold the $200 rock for $4, is worried. 'I don't know what Dan was thinking of [...],' she lamented. '[He] didn't really know what he was doing.'
  7. ↑ He stayed with the family of William Carter, an uncle of Hugh Burnett, and on one occasion spoke at the Baptist Hall. See: Sangster, Dorothy (1 October 1950). "The Impulsive Crusader of Holy Blossom". Maclean's. Toronto: Maclean Hunter Publishing. p. 28. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2023. Holy Blossom's congregation has been addressed [...] most recently by William Carter, a colored citizen of Dresden, Ont., the town which voted against serving Negroes in its restaurants. Later, Feinberg visited Dresden, staying with the Carter family and speaking in the local Baptist Hall.
  8. ↑ He was inducted into the Ontario Community Newspaper Association's Hall of Fame in 2020. See: Romphf, Jake (18 June 2020). "Dresden newspaper editor inducted into Hall of Fame". Chatham-Kent This Week. Postmedia. Retrieved 7 January 2024.

Memorials

The Dresden Cenotaph, sited at the corner of St. George Street and Queen Street, displays the names of the dead of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.[105] [106] It is complemented by information about the dead held by the Canadian Virtual War Memorial[107] [108] and Library and Archives Canada.[109] [110]

In Dresden Cemetery, a war memorial is dedicated to those who were killed in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. A surrounding memorial field contains crosses commemorating each of the dead.[111] The cemetery, which has over 7000 memorials, also displays a memorial plaque marking the movement, between 2004 and 2006, of nearly 1000 erosion-threatened gravesites: these include those of several church founders, church leaders, abolitionists, Underground Railroad conductors, and town founders.

In Dresden, two honour rolls inside St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church list the names of parishioners who served in the military in World Wars I and II.[112] Honour rolls are also displayed inside the First Regular Baptist Church – for parishioners who served in World War II;[113] inside the North Dresden Baptist Church – for those who served or were killed in World War II;[114] and inside Christ Church Anglican – for those who served in World Wars I and II.[115]

A plaque on the bank of the River Sydenham[116] commemorates six men killed on 14 August 1957 at a cave-in[117] during excavations for the building of a water-treatment plant.

Inside the Ken Houston Memorial Agricultural Centre, two plaques record the dedication of both the old municipal arena building and its replacement, the current Centre,[lower-roman 15] as a memorial to those who served in the military or were killed.[119] Ken Houston is himself commemorated by a statue outside the Centre.[120] The Tony Stranak Conservation Area commemorates a long-serving former mayor of Dresden, while all Dresden's mayors, from 1882 to 1997, are memorialised on a plaque in the Municipal Centre.[121]

Notes

  1. ↑ Comprising the Three Fires Confederacy.
  2. ↑ In Treaty No. 2, "Catfish Creek" is now Kettle Creek, "Streight" is the Detroit, "Rivière a la Tranche" is the Thames, and "Channail Ecarté" is the Snye, a river running into Lake St. Clair.[5]: 22 
  3. ↑ Not with Canada, as the country's Confederation did not take place till 1867. However, Canada recognises pre-Confederation treaties made with the Crown.
  4. ↑ The Lunaapeew also lived in the area. The territory of the Walpole Island (Bkejwanong) First Nation was not ceded (and remains unceded today).
  5. ↑ Jared Lindsley in some records.
  6. ↑ Daniel vanAllen or van Allan in some records.
  7. ↑ Trail markers display a stylised rendering of the red trillium, Trillium erectum, a native of Ontario.
  8. ↑ Owners of listed buildings must give 60 days' notice of their intentions.
  9. ↑ Defined by the Canadian Institute of Planners as "the use of land, resources, facilities and services in ways that secure the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities."
  10. ↑ A card providing government-issued identification to Ontarians who do not have a driver’s licence
  11. ↑ Ecodistricts are nested in an ecoregion that, in turn, is nested in an ecozone. The St. Thomas and Essex ecodistricts are part of the Lake Erie-Lake Ontario ecoregion (roughly corresponding with the Lake Erie Lowland ecoregion under the federal classification scheme) within the overarching Mixedwood Plains ecozone.[92]: 3 
  12. ↑ Typically, managed under various provincial tax incentive or grant schemes.
  13. ↑ Such as Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest.
  14. ↑ A church that does not have full status as a parish church, and is supported by a parish, diocese, or other organization.
  15. ↑ Known as the Lambton-Kent Memorial Agricultural Centre until December 2018.[118]

References

  1. ↑ "Ontario field crop area and production estimates by county". Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Government of Ontario. 31 May 2023.
  2. ↑ "Ontario fruit and vegetable production and farm value by county". Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Government of Ontario. 9 December 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Plotkin, Howard (April 2006). "The Dresden (Ontario) H6 Chondrite, Part I: Fireball Observations, Recovery and Sale, Field Searches, and Tribute". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 100 (2): 64–72. Bibcode:2006JRASC.100...64P. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  4. 1 2 Brandon, Robert (1954). A History of Dresden : Printed To Mark The Occasion of Dresden's Centennial Celebrations, June 30 – July 5, 1954. Dresden, Ontario: The Dresden Times. p. 3: The territory now comprising the County of Kent in which the Town of Dresden is located was previous to the year 1790, an unbroken forest.
  5. 1 2 3 Lauriston, Victor (1952). Romantic Kent : The Story of a County 1626-1952 (1st ed.). County of Kent and the City of Chatham: Shepherd Printing Co.
  6. ↑ Butt, S.; Ramprasadi, P.; Fenech, A. (2005). "Changes in the landscape of Southern Ontario, Canada since 1750: impacts of European colonization". In Fenech, A.; MacIver, D; Auld, H. (eds.). Integrated Mapping Assessment (PDF). Toronto, Ontario: Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada. pp. 83–92. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via IslandScholar.
  7. ↑ "McKee Treaty, No. 2 [transcript]". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Treaty Texts – Upper Canada Land Surrenders. Government of Canada. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  8. 1 2 "Road to Understanding Indigenous Culture" (PDF). Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 9 June 2021. (p. 2, map: for Treaty No. 2 (McKee), see area coloured purple marking locations of modern Windsor, Chatham, and London; for Treaty No. 25 (Longwoods), see light blue quasi-rectangle above Treaty No. 2 area). Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  9. ↑ "Longwoods Treaty, No. 25 [transcript]". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Treaty Texts – Upper Canada Land Surrenders. Government of Canada. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  10. 1 2 Government of Canada (1891). Canada. Indian treaties and surrenders, from 1680 to 1890. In Two Volumes. Vol. 1. Ottawa: B. Chamberlain (Queen's Printer). P. viii: see entry for Camden. P. xi, see entries 17 Oct. 1818, 5 Nov. 1818, 9 Mar. 1819, and 9 May 1820, tagged "Provisional surrender"; and 8 July 1822 "Confirmatory surrender". doi:10.14288/1.0355812. Retrieved 12 January 2024 – via Canadian Research Knowledge Network/Canadiana.
  11. ↑ Ministry of Indigenous Affairs (23 October 2023) [24 April 2018]. Map of Ontario treaties and reserves (Dynamic map with treaty area overlays). Cartography by Esri. Government of Ontario. Enter Dresden, Chatham-Kent, ON, CAN in search field at top right of map. Retrieved 12 January 2024. Please note that this map has some limitations and is one of many ways to learn about treaties. Indigenous communities may have different understandings of the treaties than is represented here.
  12. ↑ Carter, Marie (2014). "Chapter 9: Reimagining the Dawn Settlement". In de B'béri, Boulou Ebanda; Reid-Maroney, Nina & Wright, Handel Kashope (eds.). The Promised Land: History and Historiography of the Black Experience in Chatham-Kent's Settlements and Beyond. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 184; Drew (q.v.) is cited on p. 178. doi:10.3138/9781442667457-010. ISBN 9781442667464.
  13. ↑ Drew, Benjamin (1856). "A North-Side View of Slavery. The Refugee: or the Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada. Related by Themselves, with an Account of the History and Condition of the Colored Population of Upper Canada". Wellesley College Digital Depository (1st ed.). Boston, Mass.: John P. Jewett & Co. p. 308. Retrieved 14 January 2024. Dresden is situated at the head of navigation on the Big Bear Creek [Sydenham], just above the bend in the river which indents the lands of the Dawn Institute. It is in the gore of Camden, being part of the township of Camden.
  14. ↑ "Disclaimer for Interactive Map of Historic Treaties and Treaty First Nations in Canada". Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2024. Note: Historic Treaty boundaries are largely un-surveyed and therefore estimated based on treaty texts.
  15. ↑ Edwards, Ron (1983). "McNIFF, PATRICK". Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  16. ↑ Brock, Daniel J. (1983). "IREDELL, ABRAHAM". Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 5. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  17. 1 2 3 "The Kent County Annual and Almanac for 1883" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Chatham, Ontario: James Soutar. 1883. Dresden section (pp. 3-9). Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  18. 1 2 Cowan, Hugh; Thaddeus S., Arnold; Lampman, A.; Leader, Jeanette (1948). "Some historical notes on the County of Kent taken from various sources of information now in the hands of the Kent Historical Society" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Chatham, Ontario: Kent Historical Society. Dresden section, compiled c. 1926 (pp. 103-106). Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  19. ↑ "Illustrated Historical Atlas of the Counties of Essex and Kent, 1880 1881". Internet Archive. Toronto: H. Belden & Co. 1881. p. 56, col. 1. Retrieved 13 December 2023. The name of Dresden was bestowed upon this place by the Post Office authorities, when the local post office was established in 1854, John Blackwood being the first Postmaster.
  20. ↑ Sutherland, R. R. (1864). "County of Kent Gazeteer, and General Business Directory, for 1864-5" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Ingersoll, Ontario: A.R. & John Sutherland. Dresden section (pp. 81-83). Retrieved 12 December 2023. Dresden contains two saw mills, one grist mill, five general stores, [sundry shops], two hotels, four churches [...], an Orange lodge, an Odd Fellows lodge, [...] also two schools [...].
  21. ↑ Poulin, Jessica (18 May 2022). "Dresden". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  22. ↑ Ontario Heritage Trust Provincial Plaque Program (n.d.). The Founding of Dresden (Ontario Provincial Plaque). Retrieved 11 December 2023. On the south-facing wall of the Municipal Town Centre at 485 St. George Street, Dresden, Ontario.
  23. ↑ "Crowning of Beauty Queen, Speeches and Mile-Long Parade Open Dresden Centennial". The Windsor Daily Star. 2 July 1954. p. 5. Retrieved 12 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com. A mile-long pageant of the town's first century, depicted by floats, horse-drawn and motor vehicles, and costumed paraders, the Dresden Centennial Parade was the highlight of the celebration's first day yesterday afternoon.
  24. ↑ Miller, Dave (5 July 1982). "Dresden on parade: A century of spirit". Windsor Star. p. 7. Retrieved 11 December 2023 – via Newspapers.com. Hundreds lined the downtown street as the [125-entry] parade left the Lambton-Kent Composite School and made its way to Kinsmen Park.
  25. ↑ Spearman, Don; deVries, Calvin; Brandon, Robert (1982). The History of Dresden Updated from 1954 to 1981 : To supplement Mr. Robert Brandon's History of Dresden, published 1954. Dresden, Ontario: Dresden Centennial Committee. p. 3: This [...] edition is a compilation of 'bare-bone' facts of the happenings from 1954 to 1981[.]
  26. ↑ Epp, Peter; et al. (5 February 1997). "Dresden... 125 Years of History". Wallaceburg Courier Press (special edition of 32 pages).
  27. ↑ Josiah Henson Museum of African-Canadian History. "Reclaiming Josiah Henson". Ontario Heritage Trust. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  28. ↑ Wang, Kelly (30 July 2022). "New name for Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site to reclaim legacy of Josiah Henson". globalnews.ca. Corus Entertainment. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  29. ↑ CBC News (21 June 2022). "Southwestern Ontario council renames Uncle Tom's Road over links to anti-Black racism". www.cbc.ca. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  30. ↑ Blake, Jim (21 May 2014). "IODE continues to live in deeds". The Chatham Voice. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  31. ↑ "Floods force 4,000 from homes in Kent county". Toronto Daily Star. February 4, 1968. pp. 1–2.
  32. ↑ "Carolinian Forest Flora". Carolinian Canada. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  33. ↑ "Dresden Trillium Trail". Ontario Trails Council. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  34. ↑ "Take a Step Back in Time along the Trillium Historical Walk" (PDF). Town of Dresden, Ontario (brochure). 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  35. ↑ Google (September 2023). "Barn quilts on Brown Street in Dresden, Ontario: (l. to r.) Wagon Wheel, Flying Geese, Maple Leaf Forever, Dresden Plate, North Star". Google Street View. Google. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  36. ↑ Ouellette, Tyler (3 September 2023). "Dresden Barn Quilts". Town of Dresden, Ontario. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  37. 1 2 "Into the Dawn Barn Quilt Trail". Canada Barn Quilt Trails. 3 March 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  38. ↑ Government of Canada, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) (28 February 2013). "Beyond the Underground Railroad: The Promised Land Project reveals forgotten Black History". Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  39. ↑ Carter, Marie (2014). "Chapter 4: William Whipper's Lands along the Sydenham". In de B'béri, Boulou Ebanda; Reid-Maroney, Nina & Wright, Handel Kashope (eds.). The Promised Land: History and Historiography of the Black Experience in Chatham-Kent's Settlements and Beyond. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 73–90. doi:10.3138/9781442667457-005. ISBN 9781442667464.
  40. ↑ Bernard, Jackie; Carter, Marie (3 March 2022). "Josiah Henson and McInnes Family Friendship" (video). Discovering Dawn. Episode 4. Ontario Heritage Trust. 0:40 minutes in. Retrieved 3 December 2023 – via YouTube. We have some wonderful old Victorian-style homes that are still very well maintained here.
  41. ↑ "Heritage Trust plaques in Dresden". Online Plaque Guide. Ontario Heritage Trust. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  42. ↑ Discovering Dawn (YouTube playlist). Ontario Heritage Trust. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  43. ↑ "The North Star: Finding Black Mecca". IMDB. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  44. ↑ Morrison, Tom (17 September 2019). "'The North Star' documentary being filmed in Chatham-Kent". Chatham This Week. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
  45. ↑ "Heritage Conservation". Chatham-Kent. Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  46. ↑ "The Chatham-Kent Municipal Heritage Register : Part I – Designated Properties : Properties Designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act" (PDF). Chatham-Kent. Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 12 September 2016. Dresden section (pp. 48-53). Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  47. ↑ "The Chatham-Kent Municipal Heritage Register : Listed Properties in the Community of Dresden" (PDF). Chatham-Kent. Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 7 June 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  48. ↑ Ontario Heritage Trust Provincial Plaque Program (31 July 2010). First Regular Baptist Church, Dresden (Ontario Provincial Plaque). On the south side of Queen Street, east of St. George Street, in front of the First Regular Baptist Church, Dresden, Ontario. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  49. ↑ "Dresden Elevated Water Tower being unveiled". Sydenham Current. Glassroots Media. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  50. ↑ Google (4 January 2024). "Driving directions to Dresden, Ontario from Exit 109 of King's Highway 401" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  51. ↑ Google (4 January 2024). "Driving directions to Dresden, Ontario from Exit 101 of King's Highway 401" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  52. ↑ Google (4 January 2024). "Numbered roads in Chatham-Kent" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  53. ↑ "Ride CK, Chatham-Kent's Public Transit Service". Municipality of Chatham-Kent. n.d. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  54. ↑ "Route A" (PDF). Municipality of Chatham-Kent. June 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  55. ↑ Juha, Jonathan (3 March 2023). "Expanding FlixBus expansion will include Chatham-Kent". Chatham This Week. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  56. ↑ "Chatham-Kent Cycling Map" (PDF). Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 20 April 2021. See inset map B2 on p. 2. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  57. ↑ "UGRR Detroit Alternate". Adventure Cycling Association. n.d. See section "DET ALT 2 - Sombra, ON to Owen Sound, ON (223.9 mi.)" and map linked from "Details". Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  58. ↑ Google (4 January 2024). "Airports in Chatham-Kent" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  59. ↑ "Local Government : Educational Resources". Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  60. ↑ "Local Government : Mayor Darrin Canniff". Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 10 January 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  61. ↑ "Ward Boundaries" (PDF). Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 20 November 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  62. ↑ "Ward 4 – North Kent : Municipal Election" (PDF). Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 27 June 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  63. ↑ "Local Government : Jamie McGrail". Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 15 February 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  64. ↑ "Local Government : Rhonda Jubenville". Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 15 February 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  65. ↑ "Election Summary Report : General Election : Municipality of Chatham-Kent : October 24, 2022 : Councillor Ward 4 (Vote for 2)" (PDF). Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  66. ↑ "Chatham-Kent (Municipality of). Municipal Services : Dresden Municipal Service Centre". 211 Ontario. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  67. ↑ Malone, Mark (12 April 2023). "Dresden Sports Hall of Fame inducting four individuals, four teams". chathamdailynews.ca. Postmedia Network Inc. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  68. ↑ CBC News (18 August 2023). "Dresden community welcoming Jamaican workers back for canning season". www.cbc.ca. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  69. ↑ Melnyk, Nancy (17 August 2023). "Worker appreciation". CBC Windsor Morning (Interview). Interviewed by Nanwa, Nav. CBC/Radio-Canada. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  70. ↑ "All Events". Town of Dresden, Ontario. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  71. ↑ "Dresden Raceway". Dresden Raceway. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  72. ↑ "Dresden Fair". Dresden Agricultural Society. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  73. ↑ Burns, Helen Watson (1975). ""Over The Years" of the Dresden Agricultural Society : A history of the Camden and Dresden Agricultural Societies from its inception in 1875 to the present day" (PDF). Chatham-Kent Public Library Digital Collections. Dresden, Ontario: Dresden Agricultural Society. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  74. ↑ Google (September 2023). "Downtown Dresden, Ontario: Municipal Centre at the junction of St. George Street and Main Street". Google Street View. Google. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  75. ↑ "Dresden Community Healthcare Centre". ErieStClairhealthline.ca. Chatham-Kent Family Health Team. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  76. ↑ "Subscribe to WhatsUp Dresden!". Town of Dresden, Ontario. Downtown Dresden Business Improvement Area (B.I.A) and Dresden Community Development Association. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  77. ↑ "Search results for Dresden Ontario Pages". Facebook. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  78. ↑ "Dresden newspapers". Chatham-Kent Public Library. Municipality of Chatham-Kent. 21 April 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  79. ↑ "Chatham-Kent ON Radio Stations". Streema. 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  80. 1 2 "Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association" (PDF). Ontario Heritage Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2013.
  81. ↑ "An Act to promote Fair Accommodation Practices in Ontario" (PDF). Canada's Human Rights History (legislative act). historyofrights.ca. 6 April 1954. Section 2. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  82. ↑ "Won't Prosecute 2 Dresden Café Owners – Daley". Toronto Daily Star. October 20, 1954. p. 1.
  83. ↑ Yao, Diamond (5 July 2023). "Ruth Lor Malloy". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  84. ↑ "Dresden's Color Bar Still Up, Rap Daley Failure To Apply Law" (Reprint). Toronto Daily Star. October 30, 1954. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  85. ↑ "Amid sweeping change, a pivotal anniversary goes unremarked". Toronto Star. July 6, 2008.
  86. ↑ "Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association : Background Papers (section 'A new civil right')". Provincial Plaque Background Papers. Ontario Heritage Trust. 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2023. For the first time in Canada, racial equality was declared a civil right, and racial discrimination was confirmed as illegal.
  87. ↑ Lambertson, Ross (2001). "'The Dresden Story': Racism, Human Rights, and the Jewish Labour Committee of Canada" (PDF). Labour / Le Travail. 47 (Spring, 2001). p. 79 & footnote 126. JSTOR 25149113. Retrieved 9 December 2023. On 16 November 1956, a test group from the NUA asked for service at Kay's Café, and the owner complied.
  88. ↑ Watch The Dresden Story on the NFB website.
  89. ↑ Ontario Heritage Trust Provincial Plaque Program (31 July 2010). Hugh Burnett and the National Unity Association / Hugh Burnett et la National Unity Association (Ontario Provincial Plaque) (in English and French). On the northeast corner of the intersection of St. George Street and St. John Street, Dresden, Ontario. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  90. ↑ The Blacks in Canada : a history (2nd ed.). McGill-Queen's University Press. 1997. ISBN 0773516328.
  91. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 February 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Dresden [Population centre], Ontario and Ontario [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  92. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Wester, M.C.; Henson, B.L.; Crins, W.J.; Uhlig, P.W.C. & Gray, P.A. (2018). "Ecodistrict 7E-2 : St. Thomas Ecodistrict". The Ecosystems of Ontario, Part 2: Ecodistricts (PDF) (Report). Science and Research Technical Report TR-26. Peterborough: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Science and Research Branch. pp. 408–413. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  93. ↑ "Introduction to the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) 2017 : Conceptual framework and definitions". Statistics Canada. 2017. Table 1: Ecological framework levels (definition of ecodistrict). Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  94. ↑ "Location Map : Area of Jurisdiction". St. Clair Region Conservation Authority. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  95. ↑ "Thames-Sydenham Source Protection Region". Thames-Sydenham and Region Source Water Protection. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  96. ↑ "Ecoregions of Canada: Lake Erie Lowlands". The Ecological Framework of Canada. c. 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  97. ↑ "Ontario Woody Species Diversity : Ecodistrict 7E-2 (St. Thomas)" (PDF). Forest Gene Conservation Association. 5 April 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  98. ↑ "Tree Species at Risk : Carolinian Forest Zone, St. Clair Region" (flyer). St. Clair Region Conservation Authority. 26 March 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  99. ↑ "Ontario". Bird Advisors. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  100. ↑ "Species at Risk in the Sydenham". St. Clair Region Conservation Authority – The Sydenham River Watershed. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  101. 1 2 3 "Dresden, Ontario". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
  102. ↑ "Dresden Business & Organization Directory". Town of Dresden, Ontario. Downtown Dresden Business Improvement Area (B.I.A) and Dresden Community Development Association. Retrieved 7 January 2024. Add Your Business/Organization
  103. ↑ Hill, Millar (27 June 2022). "Conagra celebrates 75 years of tomato processing in Dresden". CK News Today. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  104. ↑ Branthôme, François-Xavier (13 October 2023). "Conagra Brands announces upgrades to tomato processing plant in Ontario". Tomato News. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  105. ↑ Sargeant, John P. (14 January 2008). "Dresden Ontario Cenotaph". Flickr (Photo album). SmugMug+Flickr. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  106. ↑ Google (September 2023). "Dresden Cenotaph". Google Street View. Google. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  107. ↑ "The Canadian Virtual War Memorial (CVWM)". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. n.d. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  108. ↑ "The Canadian Virtual War Memorial – Search Results – Displaying 28 results for your search term(s): Dresden". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. n.d. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  109. ↑ "Second World War Service Files – War Dead, 1939 to 1947". Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. n.d. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  110. ↑ "Collection Search – Second World War Service Files – War Dead, 1939 to 1947 – keyword Dresden". Library and Archives Canada. Government of Canada. n.d. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  111. ↑ Deacon, Rhonda (28 June 2021). "Dresden Cemetery War Memorial". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  112. ↑ Deacon, Rhonda (28 June 2021). "Dresden Presbyterian Church Honour Rolls". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  113. ↑ Deacon, Rhonda (28 June 2021). "Queen Street Baptist Church Second World War Roll of Honour". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  114. ↑ Deacon, Rhonda (28 June 2021). "North Dresden Baptist Church Second World War Roll of Honour". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  115. ↑ Deacon, Rhonda (28 June 2021). "Christ Church Roll of Honour". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  116. ↑ Actual Site of Dresden Cave In : August 14, 1957 : In Loving Memory of Those Who Died : Wiebrand Hovius, Enne Hovius, Hendrik Drenth, Jan Bremer, Jan Oldewening, Dirk Ryksen : In His Wisdom We Trust (Metal plaque mounted on boulder). On the south bank of the River Sydenham, off Sydenham Street, Dresden, Ontario. n.d.
  117. ↑ Douglas, Ted; McKinnon, Blair; Shields, Bill (15 August 1957). "6 Die, Probe Cave-in : Cement Traps 3 Bodies in Dresden Excavation". The Windsor Daily Star. pp. 1, 3, 6, 8, 16, 17. Retrieved 10 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com. The dead [are] all Dutch immigrants[.]
  118. ↑ Terfloth, Trevor (11 September 2018). "Dresden arena's new name honours Ken Houston". Chatham-Kent This Week. Postmedia. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  119. ↑ Deacon, Rhonda (28 June 2021). "Lambton-Kent Memorial Agricultural Centre Memorial Plaques". Veterans Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  120. ↑ Hill, Millar (27 April 2022). "Ken Houston statue unveiled in Dresden". Chatham-Kent This Week. Postmedia. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
  121. ↑ Corporation of the Town of Dresden (c. 1997). Mayors (inside the Dresden Municipal Centre at 485 St. George Street, Dresden, Ontario). Sydenham Current. List of Dresden’s Mayors from 1882 to 1997 (published 10 March 2022).
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.