Demographics of Bahrain
Population1,472,380(2022 est.)
Growth rate0.88% (2022 est.)
Birth rate12.4 births/1,000 population
Death rate2.82 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy79.9 years
 • male77.63 years
 • female82.24 years
Fertility rate1.67
Infant mortality rate10.19 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Age structure
0–14 years20.13%
15–64 years76.71%
65 and over3.16%
Nationality
NationalityBahraini
Major ethnicBahraini - 46%
Language
OfficialArabic
SpokenArabic
Demographics of Bahrain, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of permanent inhabitants in thousands.

The demographics of the population of Bahrain includes population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Most of the population of Bahrain is concentrated in the two principal cities, Manama and Al Muharraq.

Ethnic groups

Ethnic groups in Bahrain (2020)[1]
Ethnic groups
Bahraini
 
 47.4%
Asian (mostly South Asia )
 
 43.4%
other Arabs
 
 5.8%
African
 
 1.4%
European
 
 0.8%
North Americans
 
 1.1%
Others
 
 0.1%

Regarding the ethnicity of Bahrainis, a Financial Times article published on 31 May 1983 found that "Bahrain is a polyglot state, both religiously and racially. Discounting temporary immigrants of the past ten years, there are at least eight or nine communities on the island". These may be classified as:

CommunityDescription
Afro-ArabsDescendants of Africans, primarily from East Africa and of mostly Sunni faith
Ajam of BahrainPersians of Shia faith, a minority are from the Baháʼí Faith.
BaharnaThe indigenous inhabitants of Bahrain. The overwhelming majority are Shia.
Banyan (Bania)Indians who traded with Bahrain and settled before the age of oil (formerly known as the Hunood or Banyan, Arabic: البونيان), of mostly Hindu faith
Bahraini JewsJews have inhabited Bahrain for centuries. Most native Bahraini Jews are of Mesopotamian and Persian descent.
HolaSunni Arabs from Persia
Bahraini Sunni ArabsUrbanized Sunni Bahrainis of Bedouin ancestry, such as the Utoob, Dawasir etc.

Non-nationals make up more than half of the population of Bahrain, with immigrants making up about 52.6% of the overall population.[2] Of those, the vast majority come from South and Southeast Asia: according to various media reports and government statistics dated between 2005 and 2012 roughly 350,000 Indians,[3] 150,000 Bangladeshis,[4] 110,000 Pakistanis,[5] 40,000 Filipinos,[6] and 8,000 Indonesians.[7] In 2023, about 4,000 people from the United Kingdom live in Bahrain,[8] although some estimates are double this number.[9]

[10] Bahraini Other Arabs African North American Asian European Others TOTAL
Population 712,362 86,823 21,502 16,415 650,996 11,750 1,787 1,501,635
Percentage 47.4% 5.8% 1.4% 1.1% 43.4% 0.8% 0.1% 100%

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1950116,000—    
1960162,000+39.7%
1970212,000+30.9%
1980358,000+68.9%
1990493,000+37.7%
2000638,000+29.4%
20101,262,000+97.8%
20201,501,635+19.0%
Source:[11]

Population census

Population of Bahrain according to nationality 1941-2010[12]
census year Bahraini non-Bahraini Total population
Number  % Number  % Number
194174,04082.315,93017.789,970
195091,17983.218,47116.8109,650
1959118,73483.024,40117.0143,135
1965143,81478.938,38921.1182,203
1971178,19382.537,88517.5216,078
1981238,42068.0112,37832.0350,798
1991323,30563.6184,73236.4508,037
2001405,66762.4244,93737.6650,604
2010568,39946.0666,17254.01,234,571
2020712,36247.4789,27352.61,501,635

Population estimates on July 1

[13]

[14]

 Bahraini Non-Bahraini Total  % Non-Bahraini
2001 409,619 251,698 661,317 38.1%
2002 427,246 283,307 710,554 39.9%
2003 445,634 318,888 764,519 41.7%
2004 464,808 358,936 823,744 43.6%
2005 484,810 404,013 888,824 45.5%
2006 505,673 454,752 960,425 47.3%
2007 527,433 511,864 1,039,297 49.3%
2008 541,587 561,909 1,103,496 50.9%
2009 558,011 620,404 1,178,415 52.6%
2010 570,687 657,856 1,228,543 53.5%
2011 584,688 610,332 1,195,020 51.1%
2012 599,629 609,335 1,208,964 50.4%
2013 614,830 638,361 1,253,191 50.9%
2014 630,744 683,818 1,314,562 52.0%
2015 647,835 722,487 1,370,322 52.7%
2016 664,707 759,019 1,423,726 53.3%
2017 677,506 823,610 1,501,116 54.9%
2018 689,417 813,377 1,502,794 54.1%
2019 701,827 781,929 1,483,756 52.7%
2020 713,263 758,941 1,472,204 51.6%
2021 719,333 785,032 1,504,365 52.2%

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Period[15] Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-19556,0003,0003,00045.021.623.46.97183
1955-19607,0003,0004,00045.717.727.96.97156
1960-19658,0002,0006,00045.712.633.27.18112
1965-19708,0002,0007,00041.68.732.96.9774
1970-19758,0002,0007,00035.26.528.65.9549
1975-198010,0002,0009,00033.04.828.15.2333
1980-198513,0002,00011,00032.94.128.84.6322
1985-199014,0002,00013,00031.33.627.74.0816
1990-199514,0002,00012,00026.33.323.13.3514
1995-200014,0002,00012,00023.13.219.92.8911
2000-200514,0002,00012,00021.13.018.12.629
2005-201021,0003,00018,00020.72.818.02.637
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Registered data

Birth registration of Bahrain is available from 1976, death registration started in 1990. Between 1976 and 2011 the number of baby births roughly doubled but the birth rate of babies decreased from 32 to 13 per 1,000. The death rate of Bahrain (1.9 per 1,000 human beings in 2011) is among the lowest in the world.

[16][17][18] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total Fertility Rate per woman
1965 5,150
1966 4,860
1967 5,179
1968 5,274
1971 6,404
1972 7,274
1973 7,679
1974 7,612
1975 7,767
1976 282,000 8,984 31.8
1977 302,000 9,0588728,186 30.02.927.1
1978 322,000 9,3981,0028,396 29.23.126.1
1979 341,000 9,6641,0378,627 28.33.025.3
1980 358,000 10,1401,0859,055 28.33.025.3
1981 372,000 10,3001,0659,235 27.72.924.8
1982 384,000 11,0371,1199,918 28.82.925.9
1983 394,000 11,4311,06410,367 29.02.726.3
1984 405,000 11,5191,30310,216 28.53.225.3
1985 417,000 12,3141,21211,102 29.52.926.6
1986 431,000 12,8931,42311,470 29.93.326.6
1987 446,000 12,6991,58411,115 28.53.624.9
1988 462,000 12,5551,52311,032 27.23.323.9
1989 478,000 13,6111,55112,060 28.53.225.3
1990 493,000 13,3701,55211,818 27.13.124.0
1991 503,052 13,2291,74411,485 26.13.422.7
1992 516,458 13,8741,76012,114 26.73.423.3
1993 530,225 14,1911,71412,477 26.73.223.5
1994 544,366 13,7661,69512,071 25.23.122.1
1995 558,879 13,4811,91011,571 24.13.420.7
1996 573,792 13,1231,78011,343 22.83.119.7
1997 589,115 13,3821,82211,560 22.63.119.5
1998 604,842 13,3811,99711,384 21.93.318.6
1999 620,989 14,2801,92012,360 22.83.119.72.900
2000 637,582 13,9472,04511,902 21.93.218.72.800
2001 661,317 13,4681,97911,489 21.03.117.92.600
2002 710,554 13,5762,03511,541 21.13.217.92.400
2003 764,519 14,5602,11412,446 22.53.319.22.400
2004 823,744 14,9682,21512,753 22.33.319.02.300
2005 888,824 15,1982,22212,976 21.03.117.92.100
2006 960,425 15,0532,31712,736 18.62.915.72.000
2007 1,039,297 16,0622,27013,792 17.42.514.91.964
2008 1,103,496 17,0222,39014,632 16.22.313.91.968
2009 1,178,415 17,8412,38715,454 15.12.013.11.951
2010 1,228,543 18,1502,40115,749 14.82.012.81.877
2011 1,195,020 17,5732,52815,045 14.72.112.61.967
2012 1,208,964 19,1192,61316,506 15.82.213.62.134
2013 1,253,191 19,9952,58817,407 16.02.113.92.157
2014 1,314,562 20,9312,80518,126 15.92.113.82.108
2015 1,370,322 20,9832,78718,196 15.32.113.22.093
2016 1,423,726 20,7142,85817,856 14.52.012.51.984
2017 1,501,116 20,5812,90217,679 13.71.911.81.945
2018 1,503,091 19,7403,05216,668 13.12.011.11.838
2019 1,483,756 18,6113,01015,601 12.52.010.51.744
2020 1,472,204 18,0423,48814,554 12.32.49.91.846
2021 1,504,365
2022 1,524,693
2023 1,577,059

Structure of the population

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 17.III.2020):[10][19]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 942,895 558,740 1,501,635 100
0-4 52,591 51,012 103,603 6.90
5-9 53,578 51,416 104,994 6.99
10-14 47,812 45,864 93,676 6.24
15-19 41,062 38,276 79,338 5.28
20-24 60,706 40,725 101,431 6.75
25-29 101,401 54,679 156,080 10.39
30-34 154,215 57,757 211,972 14.12
35-39 134,083 51,794 185,877 12.38
40-44 95,104 44,385 139,489 9.29
45-49 70,467 33,509 103,976 6.92
50-54 49,621 27,786 77,407 5.15
55-59 34,498 23,095 57,593 3.84
60-64 22,418 16,353 38,771 2.58
65-69 12,499 9,200 16,877 1.44
70-74 6,184 5,177 11,361 0.76
75-79 3,216 3,363 6,579 0.44
80-84 2,002 2,452 4,454 0.30
85+ 1,438 1,897 3,335 0.22
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 153,981 148,292 302,273 20.13
15-64 763,575 388,359 1,151,934 76.71
65+ 25,339 22,089 47,428 3.16

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 43.0 1985–1990 71.8
1955–1960 48.5 1990–1995 72.9
1960–1965 55.3 1995–2000 73.9
1965–1970 61.1 2000–2005 74.9
1970–1975 65.4 2005–2010 75.7
1975–1980 68.3 2010–2015 76.4
1980–1985 70.5

Source: UN World Population Prospects[20]

Religion

[10] Men Women Total Bahraini Non-Bahraini
Muslims 674,329 437,204 1,111,533 710,067 401,466
Others 268,566 121,536 390,102 2,295 387,807
Total 942,895 558,740 1,501,635 712,362 789,273
Muslim % 74.0% 99.7% 50.9%

Islam is the official religion forming 74% of the population.[10] Current census data does not differentiate between the other religions in Bahrain, but in 2022, the country was approximately 12%[21] Christian and had about 40[22][23] Jewish citizens.

According to the website of Ministry of Information Affairs, 74% of the population are Muslim, with Christians being the second largest religious group, forming 10.2% of the population, Jews making up 0.21%. The percentage of local Bahraini Christians, Jews, Hindus and Baha’is is collectively 0.2%.[24][10]

Bahraini citizens of Muslim faith belong to the Shi'a and Sunni branches of Islam. The last official census (1941) to include sectarian identification reported 52% (88,298 citizens) as Shia and 48% as Sunni of the Muslim population.[25] Unofficial sources, such as the Library of Congress Country Studies,[26] and The New York Times,[27] estimate sectarian identification to be approximately 45% Sunni and 55% Shia. An official Bahraini document revealed that 51% of the country's citizens are Sunnis, while the Shiite population has declined to 49% of the Muslim population.[28]

Foreigners, overwhelmingly from South Asia and other Arab countries, constituted 52.6% of the population in 2020.[10] Of these, 50.9% are Muslim and 49.1% are non-Muslim,[10] including Christians (primarily: Catholic, Protestant, Syriac Orthodox, and Mar Thoma from South India), Hindus, Buddhists, Baháʼís, and Sikhs.

Languages

Arabic
English
Persian
Kurdish
Malayalam
Urdu
Balochi
Konkani
Hindi
Sinhalese
Tamil
Punjabi
Bengali
Armenian
Filipino

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "Middle East: Bahrain". CIA The World Factbook. 23 April 2022.
  2. ↑ "Bahrain". Central Intelligence Agency. September 27, 2021 – via CIA.gov.
  3. ↑ "Information Wing: Indian Community". eoi.gov.in. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  4. ↑ "Relation". Embassy of Bangladesh in Bahrain. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  5. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.mofa.gov.pk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ↑ Hampton, Maricar (6 July 2012). "Filipinos etching credible mark in Bahrain". FilAm Star. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  7. ↑ "Indonesians encouraged", Gulf Daily News, 2007-08-07, retrieved 2009-05-12
  8. ↑ UK Government website, Retrieved 2023-08-01
  9. ↑ British Expat Guide website, Retrieved 2023-08-01
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Kingdom of Bahrain Open Data Portal: Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-05-02. Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  11. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  12. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.moh.gov.bh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ↑ Sources: Bahrain Central Informatics Organization, population estimate July 1 of each year Archived 2008-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, and for 2008, 2009 Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ↑ "Sources: Bahrain Information and eGovernment Authority, Bahrain Open Data Portal, population estimate July 1 of each year". Archived from the original on 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  15. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Archived from the original on 2011-05-06. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  16. ↑ Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Ministry of Health Statistics
  17. ↑ "Live births, deaths, and infant deaths, latest available year (2002–2016)" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2 January 2018.
  18. ↑ United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
  19. ↑ "UNSD - Demographic and Social Statistics".
  20. ↑ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  21. ↑ US State Dept 2022 report
  22. ↑ US State Dept 2022 report
  23. ↑ "Low profile but welcome: a Jewish outpost in the Gulf". Independent. 2 Nov 2007. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  24. ↑ "Population and Demographics - Ministry of Information Affairs | Kingdom of Bahrain". Archived from the original on 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
  25. ↑ Qubain, Fahim Issa (1955) “Social Classes and Tensions in Bahrain.” The Middle East Journal 9, no. 3: 269–280, p. 270
  26. ↑ Bahrain Country Study Library of Congress
  27. ↑ 1981 Plot in Bahrain linked to Iranians New York Times, 25 July 1982, retrieved 20 June 2018
  28. ↑ Al Jazeera: وثيقة بحرينية: الشيعة أقل من النصف, 1973, retrieved 14 February 2021

Sources

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition)

  • 2003 U.S. Department of State website
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