Cáceres
Congress of Deputies
Electoral constituency
Location of Cáceres within Spain
ProvinceCáceres
Autonomous communityExtremadura
Population387,805 (2022)[1]
Electorate339,491 (2023)
Major settlementsCáceres, Plasencia
Current constituency
Created1977
Seats5 (1977–2004)
4 (2004–present)
Member(s)
  •   PSOE (2)
  •   PP (2)

Cáceres is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects four deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Cáceres. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system

The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Act 1977 and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Act provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,[2] with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales.[3]

Voting is on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprises all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over twenty-one and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights. Amendments to the electoral law in 2011 required for Spaniards abroad to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[4] 348 seats are elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which includes blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Each provincial constituency is entitled to an initial minimum of two seats, with the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla are allocated the two remaining seats, which are elected using plurality voting.[3][5][6] The use of the D'Hondt method may result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[7]

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election are required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call—fifteen before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one-thousandth of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Also since 2011, parties, federations or coalitions that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[5][6]

Deputies

Deputies 1977–present
Key to parties
  PSOE
  Cs
  UCD
  PP
  CP
  AP
  Vox
Legislature Election Distribution
Constituent 1977
1 4
1st 1979
2 3
2nd 1982
4 1
3rd 1986
3 2
4th 1989
3 2
5th 1993
3 2
6th 1996
3 2
7th 2000
2 3
8th 2004
2 2
9th 2008
2 2
10th 2011
2 2
11th 2015
2 2
12th 2016
2 2
13th 2019 (Apr)
2 1 1
14th 2019 (Nov)
2 1 1
15th 2023
2 2

Elections

2023 general election

Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 91,69238.88+0.75 2±0
People's Party (PP) 89,63338.00+10.44 2+1
Vox (Vox) 32,07613.60–2.44 0–1
Unite (Sumar)1 16,3546.93–2.07 0±0
Extremaduran Bloc (BQEx) 1,9220.81New 0±0
We Are Cáceres (Somos Cc) 9630.41New 0±0
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 8140.35–0.22 0±0
Workers' Front (FO) 3160.13New 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2490.11–0.02 0±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 1110.05–0.10 0±0
Blank ballots 1,7210.73–0.12
Total 235,851 4±0
Valid votes 275,85198.37+0.29
Invalid votes 3,8961.63–0.29
Votes cast / turnout 239,74770.62+4.54
Abstentions 99,74429.38–4.54
Registered voters 339,491
Sources[8]
Footnotes:

November 2019 general election

Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 85,13538.13+0.73 2±0
People's Party (PP) 61,52727.56+4.57 1±0
Vox (Vox) 35,80716.04+5.63 1+1
United We Can (PodemosIU) 20,1019.00–0.77 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 15,5336.96–10.11 0–1
United Extremadura (EU) 1,3470.60New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,2760.57–0.12 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 3420.15–0.01 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2950.13New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,8940.85+0.14
Total 223,257 4±0
Valid votes 223,25798.08–0.21
Invalid votes 4,3641.92+0.21
Votes cast / turnout 227,62166.08–7.24
Abstentions 116,82433.92+7.24
Registered voters 344,445
Sources[9]

April 2019 general election

Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 93,01637.40+4.05 2±0
People's Party (PP) 57,19522.99–17.41 1–1
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 42,45217.07+6.76 1+1
Vox (Vox) 25,90310.41+10.24 0±0
United We Can (PodemosIUEquo) 24,2929.77–4.27 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,7240.69–0.03 0±0
Extremadurans (CEx–CREx–PREx) 1,2300.49New 0±0
Act (PACT) 7430.30New 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 4070.16–0.03 0±0
Blank ballots 1,7700.71+0.06
Total 248,732 4±0
Valid votes 248,73298.29–0.24
Invalid votes 4,3261.71+0.24
Votes cast / turnout 253,05873.32+4.64
Abstentions 92,09726.68–4.64
Registered voters 345,155
Sources[9]

2016 general election

Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 95,41940.40+5.09 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 78,76733.35–0.69 2±0
United We Can (PodemosIUEquo)1 33,16414.04–2.82 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 24,34310.31–1.10 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,6900.72+0.17 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 4590.19+0.05 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 4150.18–0.25 0±0
Vox (Vox) 4090.17–0.04 0±0
Blank ballots 1,5390.65+0.02
Total 236,205 4±0
Valid votes 236,20598.53–0.11
Invalid votes 3,5301.47+0.11
Votes cast / turnout 239,73568.68–3.23
Abstentions 109,34731.32+3.23
Registered voters 349,082
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2015 general election

Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 87,92435.31–16.73 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 84,75834.04–2.51 2±0
We Can (Podemos) 34,73013.95New 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 28,40611.41New 0±0
United LeftPopular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 7,2522.91–2.37 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,3630.55+0.20 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,0740.43–3.01 0±0
United ExtremaduraExtremadurans (EU–eX)1 1,0700.43+0.23 0±0
Vox (Vox) 5180.21New 0±0
Zero CutsGreen Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 3380.14New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,5590.63–0.53
Total 248,992 4±0
Valid votes 248,99298.64+0.27
Invalid votes 3,4271.36–0.27
Votes cast / turnout 252,41971.91–1.42
Abstentions 98,61828.09+1.42
Registered voters 351,037
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2011 general election

Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
People's PartyUnited Extremadura (PP–EU)1 132,16952.04+9.71 2±0
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 92,82236.55–15.66 2±0
United LeftGreensIndependent Socialists: Plural Left (IU–V–SIEx) 13,4225.28+2.56 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 8,7393.44+2.68 0±0
Equo (Equo) 1,6950.67New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 8860.35+0.21 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 5440.21+0.13 0±0
Convergence for Extremadura (CEx) 5160.20New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 2560.10New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,9411.16+0.33
Total 253,990 4±0
Valid votes 253,99098.37–0.86
Invalid votes 4,2091.63+0.86
Votes cast / turnout 258,19973.33–5.14
Abstentions 93,89826.67+5.14
Registered voters 352,097
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2008 general election

Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 142,00352.21+1.68 2±0
People's Party (PP) 113,81941.85–1.69 2±0
United Left–Alternative (IU) 7,4092.72–0.06 0±0
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,0730.76New 0±0
United Extremadura (EU) 1,3170.48–0.40 0±0
The Greens of Extremadura (LV) 9110.33–0.13 0±0
Social Democratic Party (PSD) 4270.16New 0±0
Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3710.14New 0±0
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 2330.09New 0±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 2250.08–0.02 0±0
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 2150.08New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 1880.07–0.02 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1000.04±0.00 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 970.04±0.00 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 820.03–0.03 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 780.03–0.01 0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 670.02–0.01 0±0
National Alliance (AN) 510.02New 0±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 280.01New 0±0
Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 260.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,2450.83–0.39
Total 271,965 4±0
Valid votes 271,96599.23±0.00
Invalid votes 2,1000.77±0.00
Votes cast / turnout 274,06578.47–0.71
Abstentions 75,18221.53+0.71
Registered voters 349,247
Sources[9]

2004 general election

Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 137,65450.53+5.27 2±0
People's Party (PP) 118,62743.54–4.22 2–1
United LeftIndependent Socialists of Extremadura (IU–SIEx)2 7,5692.78–1.04 0±0
United Extremadura (EU) 2,4080.88–0.30 0±0
The Greens of Extremadura (LV) 1,2470.46–0.14 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 3040.11+0.03 0±0
Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 2730.10New 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 2550.09New 0±0
Family and Life Party (PFyV) 1500.06New 0±0
Republican Left (IR) 1200.04New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1140.04New 0±0
National Democracy (DN) 1100.04New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 1090.04New 0±0
Authentic Phalanx (FA) 830.03New 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 520.02–0.07 0±0
Republican Social Movement (MSR) 400.01New 0±0
Blank ballots 3,3111.22+0.14
Total 272,426 4–1
Valid votes 272,42699.23+0.02
Invalid votes 2,1230.77–0.02
Votes cast / turnout 274,54979.18+3.41
Abstentions 72,21120.82–3.41
Registered voters 346,760
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

2000 general election

Summary of the 12 March 2000 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 123,57747.76+5.75 3+1
Spanish Socialist Workers' PartyProgressives (PSOE–p) 115,43544.62–3.28 2–1
United Left (IU) 9,4633.66–3.64 0±0
United Extremadura (EU) 3,0481.18New 0±0
Extremaduran Coalition (PREx–CREx) 1,6480.64–0.79 0±0
The Greens of Extremadura (LV) 1,5430.60New 0±0
Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx) 4180.16–0.06 0±0
The Phalanx (FE) 2230.09New 0±0
Centrist Union–Democratic and Social Centre (UC–CDS) 2170.08–0.10 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 1690.07New 0±0
Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) 1020.04New 0±0
Spain 2000 Platform (ES2000) 810.03New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,7951.08+0.35
Total 258,719 5±0
Valid votes 258,71999.21–0.31
Invalid votes 2,0660.79+0.31
Votes cast / turnout 260,78575.77–5.47
Abstentions 83,40724.23+5.47
Registered voters 344,192
Sources[9]

1996 general election

Summary of the 3 March 1996 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 131,61647.90–2.91 3±0
People's Party (PP) 115,44442.01+5.16 2±0
United LeftThe Greens–Commitment for Extremadura (IU–LV–CE) 20,0687.30+1.26 0±0
Extremaduran Coalition (CEx)1 3,9231.43–1.03 0±0
Independent Socialists of Extremadura (SIEx) 6050.22New 0±0
Centrist Union (UC) 5050.18–2.11 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Party (PRT) 1930.07New 0±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 1740.06New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1400.05New 0±0
Republican Coalition (CR) 1240.05New 0±0
Blank ballots 2,0000.73+0.19
Total 274,792 5±0
Valid votes 274,79299.52±0.00
Invalid votes 1,3280.48±0.00
Votes cast / turnout 276,12081.24+2.05
Abstentions 63,78118.76–2.05
Registered voters 339,901
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1993 general election

Summary of the 6 June 1993 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 131,85350.81–1.74 3±0
People's Party (PP) 95,62836.85+9.65 2±0
United Left of Extremadura (IU) 15,6626.04+0.96 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 5,9412.29–6.54 0±0
United Extremadura (EU) 4,7781.84–1.31 0±0
Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) 1,6030.62New 0±0
The Greens (LV) 1,3910.54–0.15 0±0
The Ecologists (LE) 7860.30–0.11 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (ARM) 3050.12–0.34 0±0
Natural Law Party (PLN) 1290.05New 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 00.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,4030.54+0.09
Total 259,483 5±0
Valid votes 259,48399.52+0.39
Invalid votes 1,2550.48–0.39
Votes cast / turnout 260,73879.19+4.48
Abstentions 68,52220.81–4.48
Registered voters 329,260
Sources[9]

1989 general election

Summary of the 29 October 1989 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 126,39652.55–1.20 3±0
People's Party (PP)1 65,43027.20–0.50 2±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 21,2288.83+1.50 0±0
United Left (IU) 12,2265.08+3.05 0±0
United Extremadura (EU) 7,5783.15–2.13 0±0
The Greens–Green List (LV–LV) 1,6520.69New 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 1,2000.50New 0±0
Ruiz-Mateos Group (Ruiz-Mateos) 1,1170.46New 0±0
The Ecologist Greens (LVE) 9760.41New 0±0
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (PTE–UC)2 7440.31–0.61 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 3800.16New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 2550.11–0.13 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 1300.05New 0±0
Alliance for the Republic (AxR)3 1110.05–0.22 0±0
Blank ballots 1,0860.45–0.05
Total 240,509 5±0
Valid votes 240,50999.13+0.46
Invalid votes 2,1170.87–0.46
Votes cast / turnout 242,62674.71+2.45
Abstentions 82,11325.29–2.45
Registered voters 324,739
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1986 general election

Summary of the 22 June 1986 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 127,04053.75+1.22 3–1
People's Coalition (APPDPPL)1 65,47027.70+3.22 2+1
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 17,3247.33+5.41 0±0
United Extremadura (EU) 12,4835.28+0.20 0±0
United Left (IU)2 4,7962.03+0.41 0±0
Democratic Reformist Party (PRD) 3,7361.58New 0±0
Communists' Unity Board (MUC) 2,1660.92New 0±0
Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 6380.27New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 5720.24+0.24 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 5510.23+0.12 0±0
Republican Popular Unity (UPR) 3810.16New 0±0
Party of the Communists of Catalonia (PCC) 20.00New 0±0
Blank ballots 1,1730.50+0.18
Total 236,332 5±0
Valid votes 236,33298.67+0.77
Invalid votes 3,1971.33–0.77
Votes cast / turnout 239,52972.26–6.56
Abstentions 91,95127.74+6.56
Registered voters 331,480
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1982 general election

Summary of the 28 October 1982 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 123,90252.53+14.53 4+2
People's Alliance–People's Democratic Party (APPDP)1 57,73624.48+20.38 1+1
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 29,83212.65–34.49 0–3
United Extremadura (EU) 11,9885.08New 0±0
Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 4,5281.92New 0±0
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 3,8311.62–3.59 0±0
Workers' Socialist Party (PST) 1,5950.68New 0±0
New Force (FN)2 7850.33–2.40 0±0
Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 2630.11New 0±0
Communist Unity Candidacy (CUC) 2580.11New 0±0
Falangist Movement of Spain (MFE) 2120.09New 0±0
Proverist Party (PPr) 1680.07New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 40.00New 0±0
Communist Movement of Extremadura (MCE) 20.00–0.47 0±0
Blank ballots 7640.32+0.10
Total 235,868 5±0
Valid votes 235,86897.90–0.80
Invalid votes 5,0682.10+0.80
Votes cast / turnout 240,93678.82+11.53
Abstentions 64,73621.18–11.53
Registered voters 305,672
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1979 general election

Summary of the 1 March 1979 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 97,59247.14–8.14 3–1
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 78,67038.00+9.79 2+1
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 10,7775.21+1.96 0±0
Democratic Coalition (CD)2 8,4904.10–5.22 0±0
National Union (UN) 5,6562.73New 0±0
Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT)3 1,5030.73+0.73 0±0
Party of Labour of Spain (PTE) 1,4270.69New 0±0
Communist MovementOrganization of Communist Left (MC–OIC) 9740.47New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 7460.36–0.21 0±0
Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) 7160.35New 0±0
Blank ballots 4560.22+0.05
Total 207,007 5±0
Valid votes 207,00798.70+0.16
Invalid votes 2,7281.30–0.16
Votes cast / turnout 209,73567.29–8.76
Abstentions 101,94632.71+8.76
Registered voters 311,681
Sources[9]
Footnotes:

1977 general election

Summary of the 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results in Cáceres
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes  % ±pp Total +/−
Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 115,72955.28n/a 4n/a
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 54,82726.19n/a 1n/a
People's Alliance (AP) 19,5169.32n/a 0n/a
Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 6,7973.25n/a 0n/a
Spanish Social Reform (RSE) 4,4812.14n/a 0n/a
People's Socialist PartySocialist Unity (PSP–US) 4,2292.02n/a 0n/a
Democratic Left Front (FDI) 2,2291.06n/a 0n/a
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 1,1930.57n/a 0n/a
Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 00.00n/a 0n/a
Blank ballots 3620.17n/a
Total 209,363 5n/a
Valid votes 209,36398.54n/a
Invalid votes 3,0981.46n/a
Votes cast / turnout 212,46176.05n/a
Abstentions 66,91123.95n/a
Registered voters 279,372
Sources[9]

References

  1. "Real Decreto 1037/2022, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2022" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (305): 178928–178933. 21 December 2022. ISSN 0212-033X.
  2. "Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política". Law No. 1 of 4 January 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  3. 1 2 "Constitución Española". Act of 29 December 1978 (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  4. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. 1 2 "Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales". Royal Decree-Law No. 20 of 18 March 1977 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  6. 1 2 "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985 (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  8. "Resolución de 30 de agosto de 2023, de la Presidencia de la Junta Electoral Central, por la que se publica el resumen de los resultados de las elecciones al Congreso de los Diputados y al Senado convocadas por Real Decreto 400/2023, de 29 de mayo, y celebradas el 23 de julio de 2023, conforme a las actas de escrutinio general y de proclamación de electos remitidas por las correspondientes Juntas Electorales Provinciales y por las Juntas Electorales de Ceuta y de Melilla" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish) (209): 122201–122274. 1 September 2023. ISSN 0212-033X.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.

39°40′N 6°00′W / 39.667°N 6.000°W / 39.667; -6.000

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