Nawab Ali Mohammed Khan Bahadur Rohilla
Nawab of Katehir
Nawab of Badaun
Nawab of Rampur
Nawab of Bareilly
Nawab of Moradabad
Nawab of Aonla
Maharaja of Kumaon[1]
Suzerain of Garhwal[1]
Sardar of the Barech tribe
Chief of the Rohilla
Rohilkhand
Reign1721–1748
PredecessorSardar Daud Khan Rohilla
SuccessorNawab Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla
Badaun
Reign1721–1748
PredecessorSardar Daud Khan Rohilla
SuccessorNawab Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla
Rampur
Reign1741–1748
PredecessorRaja Ram Singh of Katehr
SuccessorNawab Faizullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla
Bareilly
Reign1741–1748
PredecessorNawab Abd Un Nabi Khan
SuccessorNawab Muhammad Yar Khan Bahadur Rohilla
Moradabad
Reign1741–1748
PredecessorRaja Harnand
SuccessorNawab Saadullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla
Aonla
Reign1721–1748
SuccessorNawab Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla
BornMuhammad Ali
1707
Jansath
Died15 September 1748
Aonla
Burial
Aonla
Regnal name
Ali Muhammad Khan
HouseRohilla (by adoption)
ReligionIslam
OccupationSubahdar of Sirhind and Rohilkhand

Ali Muhammad Khan (c.1707 – 15 September 1748) was a Rohilla chief who founded the Kingdom of Rohilkhand in the northwestern region of the Uttar Pradesh state of India.[2][3][4] He succeeded his foster father Sardar Daud Khan Rohilla at the age of fourteen and was generally regarded as a non-oppressive ruler to the masses.[5] He was well regarded for his political ability, and was granted the right to use India's highest insignia of the Mahseer by the Emperor Muhammad Shah. His young death along with the tender age of his children led to Hafiz Rehmat Khan's regency which was in large part governed against his wishes, despite Rehmat Khan's solemn oath on the Quran to fulfill dying Ali Mohammad's will.

Early life

Ali Muhammad Khan was born around 1707 in a Jat or Ahir family.[6][7][8][9] He was among the prisoners taken by Sardar Daud Khan, chief of the Pashtun Barech tribe, during some hostilities with other Zamindars. Daud Khan liked Ali Muhammad and adopted him as his son.[7] In the 19th century, descendants of Ali Mohammed Khan, specifically the Nawabs of Rampur, made disputed claims that he was a Barha Sayyid and began the usage the title of Sayyid. However, they could not present any pedigree or valid historical proof in the support of this claim.[8] The Nawabs even sought service of a prominent religious leader of Rampur, Najmul Ghani for establishing ancestry from Ali, which was generally rejected.[10]

According to the Inradus Sa'adat, Ali Muhammad Khan was a Hanafi Muslim belonging to the Qadiri Sufi Order, which was considered by them more with pure Islam than any other mystic order prevailing in India.[11]

Reign

He succeeded rohilla Sardar Daud Khan and helped develop Rohilkhand into a powerful nation, which became independent in 1721. Ali Muhammad Khan distinguished himself by helping in suppressing the rebellion of the Barah Sayyids under the chief Saifudddin Barha who had put the Mughal governor Marhamat Khan and all of his followers to death.[12] As a reward Ali Muhammad Khan was given the title of Nawab by Muhammad Shah in 1737. In 1746, due to an altercation over the collection of wood between the construction workers of Safdar Jang with the forest guards of Ali Muhammad Khan, Safdar Jang decided to eliminate him.[13] Safdar Jang of Oudh informed the Mughal emperor of India Muhammad Shah[14] (ruled 1719–1748), through Qamar-ud-Din Khan[13] about Ali Mohammed Khan's supposed intentions to create his own Sultanate. Mohammed Shah sent an expedition against him, as a result of which he was imprisoned. Later he was pardoned and made governor of Sirhind.[13] After Nadir Shah, the conqueror of Iran, took control of Kabul and sacked Delhi in 1739, Ali Mohammed Khan returned to his homeland and ruled the independent state of Rohilkhand until his death in 1748.

Faizullah Khan was the second son of Ali Muhammad Khan. He assumed rule of the Rohillas after Nawab Saidullah Khan.

Descendants

  • Nawab Abdullah Khan first son from wife Marghalari Begum (hailing from Matni tribe)
  • Nawab Faizullah Khan second son from wife Marghalari Begum (hailing from Matni tribe)
  • Nawab Saadullah Khan from wife Sarah Begum (of Bunerwal)
  • Nawab Muhammad Yar Khan son from wife Lado Begum
  • Nawab Alah-Yar Khan son from wife Raj Begum - He died of consumption around the same time that his younger brother Murtaza died.
  • Murtaza Khan - Disgusted of Hafiz Rehmat Khan's unfair treatment, he left for Secunderabad where he died.
  • Shah Begum, daughter, from wife Marghalari Begum (wife of Inayat Khan son of Hafiz Rehmat Khan)
  • Niyaz Begum, daughter [and wife of Shah Muhammad Khan brother of Hafiz Rehmat Khan],
  • Masoom Begum, daughter, [and wife of Zabita Khan]
  • Inayat Begum, daughter, [wife of Bahadur Khan Kamal Zai]
  • a daughter, name unknown, who died in childhood and was engaged to a son of Qamar-ud-din Khan

[15]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Hāṇḍā, Omacanda. History of Uttaranchal. pp. 91–92.
  2. ↑ Awadh Bihari Pandey (1963). Later Medieval India A History of the Mughals. Ali Muhammad Rohilia , Jat convert to Islam became the Khan Rohilla leader of the Rohillas
  3. ↑ Gupta (1961). The Marathas and Panipat. originally a Hindu Jat
  4. ↑ Griffin, Lepel Henry (1870). The Rajas of the PunjabBeing the History of the Principal States in the Punjab and Their Political Relations. a converted Hindu of Rampur
  5. ↑ Strachley, Sir John. Hastings and the Rohilla. p. 14.
  6. ↑ Ḥusain, M.; Pakistan Historical Society (1957). A History of the Freedom Movement: 1707-1831. A History of the Freedom Movement: Being the Story of Muslim Struggle for the Freedom of Hind-Pakistan, 1707-1947. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 304. Retrieved 30 July 2022. Amongst other prisoners he obtained a young Jat boy of eight years . Daud took a fancy to him and adopted him as his son and named him ' Ali Muhammad Khan.
  7. 1 2 Irvine, W. (1971). Later Mughal. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 118. Retrieved 30 July 2022. Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan.
  8. 1 2 Gommans, Jos J. L. (1995). The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: C. 1710-1780. BRILL. p. 120. ISBN 978-90-04-10109-8. Most of the contemporary sources, however, call him a Jat or an Ahir.
  9. ↑ Rashid, Abdur (1978). History of the Muslims of Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent, 1707-1806. Vol. 1. Pakistan Research Society. p. 297. According to the Siyar-ul-Mutakhkhirin⁸ Ali Muhammad Khan was an Ahir by birth. According to others he was of Jat parentage.
  10. ↑ Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal. The First Two Nawabs Of Oudh. p. 103. Retrieved 17 January 2023. Contemporary Persian authorities say that Ali Muhammad Khan was of Jat parents . See Gulistan . 7 ; Abdulkarim . 88b ; Ashob . 424 ; Siyar II . 480. A partisan attempt has, however, been made in morden times to prove that he was a Sayyid. Najmul Ghani of Rampur has invented a false pedigree of the Khan , tracing it to Muhammad. The Maulvi's discussion is altogether unconvincing and thoroughly ridiculous. His object is to prove that the present ruler of Rampur is a Sayyid.
  11. ↑ Altaf Ali Brelvi (1966). Life of Hafiz Rahmat Khan (Hayat-I-Hafiz Rahmat Khan). Academy of Educational Research, All Pakistan Education Conference.
  12. ↑ Edwin Thomas Atkinson (1876). Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: 3.:Meerut division part 2 · Volume 3. National Central Library of Florence. p. 605.
  13. 1 2 3 Khan, Muhammad Najm-ul-Ghani (1918). Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1. Lucknow: Munshi Nawal Kishore. pp. 146–152.
  14. ↑ Muhammad Shah (1702–1748) was a Mughal emperor of India between 1719 and 1748
  15. ↑ Khan, Mohammad Najm-ul-Ghani Khan (1918). Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1. Lucknow: Munshi Nawal Kishore. pp. 195–196.
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