Abba-El II
King of Halab (Yamhad)
ReignMiddle 16th century BC
PredecessorSarra-El
SuccessorIlim-Ilimma I

Abba-El II (reigned middle 16th century BC - Middle chronology) was the king of Halab (formerly Yamhad) who reigned after the withdrawal of the Hittites.[1]

Reign

Abba-El is known through his Royal Seal used by his descendant Niqmepa, king of Alalakh as a dynastic seal.[1] In the seal he is described as the mighty king, servant of Hadad, beloved of Hadad, devotee of Hadad,[2] which were the titles that the old kings of Yamhad used.[3] While the seal mentions the name of Abba-El II, the king depicted in it could be Abba-El I.[4]

According to prof. Trevor Bryce, Aleppo was restored by Abba-El's father Sarra-Ee;[5] however, other Historians such as Michael C. Astour consider Abba-El II to be the king who restored the kingdom.[6]

Aleppo recovered from the Hittite invasion and expanded its territory to some of its former lands including Alalakh, Niya and Ama'u.[7]

Succession

Abba-El's immediate successor was his probable son Ilim-Ilimma I,[6][8] the father of Idrimi who continued the dynasty of Yamhad in Alalakh after Aleppo fell to the Mitannians in ca. 1525 BC.[5][9]

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 Eva Von Dassow (2008). State and society in the late Bronze Age: Alalaḫ under the Mittani Empire. p. 18. ISBN 9781934309148.
  2. ↑ Dominique Collon (2005). First impressions: cylinder seals in the ancient Near East. p. 119. ISBN 9780714111360.
  3. ↑ Ulf Oldenburg. The Conflict Between El and Ba'al in Canaanite Religion. p. 67.
  4. ↑ Archi 2015, p. 19.
  5. 1 2 Trevor Bryce (1999). The Kingdom of the Hittites. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-19-924010-4.
  6. 1 2 Michael C. Astour. Orientalia: Vol. 38. p. 382.
  7. ↑ Trevor Bryce (10 September 2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia. p. 27. ISBN 9781134159079.
  8. ↑ Michael C. Astour (1989). Hittite history and absolute chronology of the Bronze Age. p. 19. ISBN 9789186098865.
  9. ↑ Thomas Nelson (14 October 2008). The Chronological Study Bible. p. 393. ISBN 9780718020682.

Sources

  • Archi, Alfonso (2015). "A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols". Orientalia. Gregorian Biblical Press. 84 (1): 18–28. JSTOR 26153279.
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