2014 Wales rugby union tour of South Africa
Coach(es)Warren Gatland
Tour captain(s)Alun Wyn Jones
Top point scorer(s)Dan Biggar (24)
Top try scorer(s)Alex Cuthbert (3)
Top test point scorer(s)Dan Biggar (24)
Top test try scorer(s)Alex Cuthbert (2)
Summary
P W D L
Total
03 01 00 02
Test match
02 00 00 02
Opponent
P W D L
 South Africa
2 0 0 2
Tour chronology
Previous tourJapan 2013
Next tourNew Zealand 2016

In June 2014, Wales toured South Africa, playing a 2-test series against the Springboks.[1] In addition to the two Test matches, Wales also played a warm-up uncapped match against domestic club side Eastern Province Kings.[2] The three matches coincided with the June International Window, playing in the second and third week of the window.

Wales entered the test series on the back of 14 consecutive losses to South Africa; the last time Wales won against South Africa was in June 1999, the only time Wales have beaten South Africa. Wales were on 16 consecutive losses to the Southern Hemisphere greats, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, with the last time they beat a Southern Hemisphere great was in November 2008, and have not won an away match to the Southern Hemisphere greats since 1969.

The 14 consecutive losses to South Africa were extended to 16, while the 16 consecutive losses to the Southern Hemisphere greats were extended to 18 following a 2–0 series defeat. The only win of the tour came in the un-capped match against the Eastern Province Kings, 34–12. During the test series, Wales and South Africa contested the Prince William Cup, which South Africa retained with the series victory. It was the seventh time South Africa won the trophy to Wales' zero.

Fixtures

Date and time Venue Home Score Away
10 June 2014, 19:00 SAST (UTC+02) Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth Eastern Province Kings 12–34  Wales
14 June 2014, 17:00 SAST (UTC+02) Kings Park Stadium, Durban South Africa  38–16  Wales
21 June 2014, 15:00 SAST (UTC+02) Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit South Africa  31–30  Wales

Matches

Eastern Province Kings

10 June 2014
19:00 SAST (UTC+02)
Eastern Province Kings South Africa12–34 Wales
Try: Soyizwapi 56' m
Kerrod 78' c
Con: Whitehead (1/2) 79'
Report[3]Try: Turnbull 9' c
Allen 14' c
Hook 44' c
Cuthbert 46' m
Davies 61' m
Con: Hook (3/5) 11', 15', 45'
Pen: Hook (1/1) 39'
Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium, Port Elizabeth[4]
Attendance: 11,828
Referee: Lourens van der Merwe (South Africa)
FB15Hansie Graaffdownward-facing red arrow 71'
RW14Siviwe Soyizwapi
OC13Ronnie Cooke
IC12Shane Gatesdownward-facing red arrow 62'
LW11Scott van Breda
FH10George Whitehead
SH9Kevin Luitersdownward-facing red arrow 53'
N88Paul Schoeman
OF7Devin Oosthuizendownward-facing red arrow 55'
BF6Thembelani Bholi
RL5Cameron Lindsay
LL4Darron Nell (c)downward-facing red arrow 73'
TP3Charl du Plessisdownward-facing red arrow 39'
HK2Edgar Marutlulledownward-facing red arrow 71'
LP1Lizo Gqobokadownward-facing red arrow 55'
Replacements:
HK16Albé de Swardtupward-facing green arrow 71'
PR17BG Uysupward-facing green arrow 55'
PR18Simon Kerrodupward-facing green arrow 39'
LK19Steve Cumminsupward-facing green arrow 73'
FL20Stefan Willemseupward-facing green arrow 55'
SH21Jaco Groblerupward-facing green arrow 53'
CE22Dwayne Jennerupward-facing green arrow 62'
FH23Ntabeni Dukisaupward-facing green arrow 71'
Coach:
New Zealand Carlos Spencer
FB15Matthew Morgan
RW14Alex Cuthbertdownward-facing red arrow 55'
OC13Cory Allen
IC12Steven Shingler
LW11Jordan Williams
FH10James Hook
SH9Rhodri Williams
N88Dan Bakerdownward-facing red arrow 23'upward-facing green arrow 31'
OF7Josh Turnbull
BF6Dan Lydiate (c)downward-facing red arrow 58'
RL5Ian Evans
LL4Jake Balldownward-facing red arrow 63'
TP3Rhodri Jonesyellow card 20' to 30'downward-facing red arrow 55'
HK2Scott Baldwindownward-facing red arrow 55'
LP1Paul Jamesdownward-facing red arrow 55'
Replacements:
HK16Matthew Reesupward-facing green arrow 55'
PR17Aaron Jarvisupward-facing green arrow 55'
PR18Samson Leeupward-facing green arrow 23'downward-facing red arrow 31'upward-facing green arrow 55'
LK19Luke Charterisupward-facing green arrow 63'
FL20Aaron Shinglerupward-facing green arrow 58'
SH21Gareth Daviesupward-facing green arrow 55'
WG22George North
FB23Liam Williams
Coach:
New Zealand Warren Gatland

Touch judges:
Christie du Preez (South Africa)
Rodney Boneparte (South Africa)
Television match official:
Jason Jaftha (South Africa)

Notes:

  • George North was ruled out of the match, as he was still suffering from a virus hours before kick-off. No other player replaced him in the match-day 23.

First test

14 June 2014
17:00 SAST (UTC+02)
South Africa 38–16 Wales
Try: Habana (2) 6' c, 20' c
Vermeulen 15' c
Le Roux 37' c
Hendricks 51' c
Con: Steyn (5/5) 7', 17', 21', 38', 52'
Pen: Steyn (1/1) 44'
Report[5]Try: Cuthbert 68' c
Con: Hook (1/1) 69'
Pen: Biggar (1/1) 40'
Drop: Biggar (2/2) 2', 19'
Kings Park Stadium, Durban[6]
Referee: Romain Poite (France)
FB15Willie le Rouxdownward-facing red arrow 70'
RW14Cornal Hendricks
OC13JP Pietersen
IC12Jan Serfontein
LW11Bryan Habana
FH10Morné Steyndownward-facing red arrow 70'
SH9Fourie du Preez
N88Duane Vermeulen
OF7Willem Albertsdownward-facing red arrow 58'
BF6Francois Louw
RL5Victor Matfield (c)
LL4Bakkies Bothadownward-facing red arrow 40'
TP3Jannie du Plessisdownward-facing red arrow 58'
HK2Bismarck du Plessisdownward-facing red arrow 70'
LP1Gurthrö Steenkampdownward-facing red arrow 44'
Replacements:
HK16Schalk Britsupward-facing green arrow 70'
PR17Tendai Mtawariraupward-facing green arrow 44'
PR18Coenie Oosthuizenupward-facing green arrow 58'
LK19Lood de Jagerupward-facing green arrow 40'
FL20Schalk Burgerupward-facing green arrow 58'
SH21Ruan Pienaarupward-facing green arrow 73'
FH22Johan Goosenupward-facing green arrow 70'downward-facing red arrow 73'
WG23Lwazi Mvovoupward-facing green arrow 70'
Coach:
South Africa Heyneke Meyer
FB15Liam Williamsdownward-facing red arrow 55'
RW14Alex Cuthbert
OC13Jonathan Davies
IC12Jamie Robertsyellow card 12' to 22'
LW11George North
FH10Dan Biggardownward-facing red arrow 64'
SH9Mike Phillipsdownward-facing red arrow 55'
N88Taulupe Faletau
OF7Aaron Shinglerdownward-facing red arrow 55'
BF6Dan Lydiate
RL5Alun Wyn Jones (c)
LL4Luke Charterisdownward-facing red arrow 55'
TP3Adam Jonesdownward-facing red arrow 31'
HK2Ken Owensdownward-facing red arrow 58'
LP1Gethin Jenkinsdownward-facing red arrow 58'
Replacements:
HK16Matthew Reesupward-facing green arrow 58'
PR17Paul Jamesupward-facing green arrow 58'
PR18Samson Leeupward-facing green arrow 31'
LK19Ian Evansupward-facing green arrow 55'
FL20Josh Turnbullupward-facing green arrow 55'
SH21Gareth Daviesupward-facing green arrow 55'
FH22James Hookupward-facing green arrow 64'
FB23Matthew Morganupward-facing green arrow 55'
Coach:
New Zealand Warren Gatland

Man of the Match:
Willie le Roux (South Africa)

Touch judges:
Steve Walsh (Australia)
Marius Mitrea (Italy)
Television match official:
Vinny Munro (New Zealand)

Notes:

Second test

21 June 2014
15:00 SAST (UTC+02)
South Africa 31–30 Wales
Try: Penalty try (2) 32' c, 77' c
Hendricks 33' c
Le Roux 71' c
Con: Steyn (4/4) 32', 35', 72', 78'
Pen: Steyn (1/2) 55'
Report[7]Try: Roberts 18' c
Cuthbert 21' c
Owens 45' c
Con: Biggar (3/3) 19', 22', 45'
Pen: Biggar (3/4) 12', 56', 65'
Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit[6]
Attendance: 25,424
Referee: Steve Walsh (Australia)
FB15Willie le Roux
RW14Cornal Hendricks
OC13JP Pietersen
IC12Jan Serfonteindownward-facing red arrow 74'
LW11Bryan Habana
FH10Morné Steynred cross icon 23' to 29'
SH9Fourie du Preez
N88Duane Vermeulen
OF7Willem Albertsdownward-facing red arrow 24'
BF6Francois Louw
RL5Victor Matfield (c)
LL4Flip van der Merweyellow card 57' to 67'red cross icon 45' to 49'
TP3Jannie du Plessisdownward-facing red arrow 58'
HK2Bismarck du Plessisdownward-facing red arrow 65'
LP1Tendai Mtawariradownward-facing red arrow 65'
Replacements:
HK16Schalk Britsupward-facing green arrow 65'
PR17Gurthrö Steenkampupward-facing green arrow 65'
PR18Coenie Oosthuizenupward-facing green arrow 58'
LK19Lood de Jagerupward-facing green arrow 45'downward-facing red arrow 49'
FL20Schalk Burgerupward-facing green arrow 24'
SH21Ruan Pienaarupward-facing green arrow 23'downward-facing red arrow 29'
CE22Wynand Olivierupward-facing green arrow 74'
WG23Lwazi Mvovo
Coach:
South Africa Heyneke Meyer
FB15Liam Williams
RW14Alex Cuthbert
OC13Jonathan Davies
IC12Jamie Roberts
LW11George North
FH10Dan Biggaryellow card 32' to 42'
SH9Mike Phillips
N88Taulupe Faletau
OF7Josh Turnbull
BF6Dan Lydiate
RL5Alun Wyn Jones (c)
LL4Luke Charterisyellow card 29' to 39'downward-facing red arrow 74'
TP3Samson Leedownward-facing red arrow 51'
HK2Ken Owensdownward-facing red arrow 74'
LP1Gethin Jenkinsdownward-facing red arrow 74'
Replacements:
HK16Matthew Reesupward-facing green arrow 74'
PR17Paul Jamesupward-facing green arrow 74'
PR18Aaron Jarvisupward-facing green arrow 51'
LK19Jake Ballupward-facing green arrow 74'
N820Dan Baker
SH21Gareth Davies
FH22James Hook
FB23Matthew Morgan
Coach:
New Zealand Warren Gatland

Man of the Match:
Duane Vermeulen (South Africa)

Touch judges:
Romain Poite (France)
Francisco Pastrana (Argentina)
Television match official:
Glenn Newman (New Zealand)

Notes:

Squads

Wales

Before the tour, the Welsh Rugby Union announced that on 30 May, a Wales senior trial match would take place at the Liberty Stadium in Swansea, the first of its kind in 14 years.[8] The failure of the Welsh regions to qualify for the 2013–14 Pro12 play-offs meant that, for many of the players, there would be a five-week gap between the end of the season and the first Test. The teams were announced on 13 May, with the Probables squad to be coached by Rob Howley, and the Possibles squad by Robin McBryde.[9] The match fell outside the international window, so players based outside Wales were not required to be released to play, in accordance with IRB regulations.[10] No players based in England were released for the match, while all the France-based players selected for the match except Dan Lydiate ended up participating.

Trial match

30 May 2014
19:05 BST (UTC+01)
Probables55–7Possibles
Try: J. Williams (2) 2' m, 79 c
Biggar 5' c
J. Davies (3) 23' c, 25' c, 46' c
L. Williams 35' m
Baldwin 43' c
Con: Biggar (6/8) 6', 24', 26', 44', 47', 80'
Pen: Biggar (1/1) 12'
Report[11]Try: G. Davies 60' c
Con: Hook (1/1) 60'
Liberty Stadium, Swansea
Attendance: 20,032
Referee: Neil Hennessy (Wales)

Note: Bold text denotes players who are internationally capped.

Touring squad

Head coach Warren Gatland named a 32-man squad following the trial match, for the two-test series against South Africa.[12] It included 19 players from the Probables squad, 10 from the Possibles squad and three who did not feature in the trial match.

Head coach: New Zealand Warren Gatland

Note: Caps and ages are as of the date of the first test match, 14 June 2014.

Player Position Date of birth (age) Caps Club/province
Scott Baldwin Hooker (1988-07-12)12 July 1988 (aged 25) 1 Wales Ospreys
Ken Owens Hooker (1987-01-03)3 January 1987 (aged 27) 24 Wales Scarlets
Matthew Rees Hooker (1980-12-09)9 December 1980 (aged 33) 58 Wales Cardiff Blues
Paul James Prop (1982-05-13)13 May 1982 (aged 32) 53 England Bath
Aaron Jarvis Prop (1986-05-20)20 May 1986 (aged 28) 3 Wales Ospreys
Gethin Jenkins Prop (1980-11-17)17 November 1980 (aged 33) 105 Wales Cardiff Blues
Adam Jones Prop (1981-03-08)8 March 1981 (aged 33) 94 Wales Ospreys
Rhodri Jones Prop (1991-12-23)23 December 1991 (aged 22) 10 Wales Scarlets
Samson Lee Prop (1992-11-30)30 November 1992 (aged 21) 3 Wales Scarlets
Jake Ball Lock (1991-06-21)21 June 1991 (aged 22) 4 Wales Scarlets
Luke Charteris Lock (1983-03-09)9 March 1983 (aged 31) 46 France Perpignan
Ian Evans Lock (1984-10-04)4 October 1984 (aged 29) 32 Wales Ospreys
Alun Wyn Jones (c) Lock (1985-09-19)19 September 1985 (aged 28) 78 Wales Ospreys
Dan Lydiate Flanker (1987-12-18)18 December 1987 (aged 26) 35 France Racing Métro
Aaron Shingler Flanker (1987-08-07)7 August 1987 (aged 26) 7 Wales Scarlets
Josh Turnbull Flanker (1988-03-12)12 March 1988 (aged 26) 5 Wales Scarlets
Dan Baker Number 8 (1992-07-05)5 July 1992 (aged 21) 2 Wales Ospreys
Taulupe Faletau Number 8 (1990-11-12)12 November 1990 (aged 23) 34 Wales Newport Gwent Dragons
Gareth Davies Scrum-half (1990-08-18)18 August 1990 (aged 23) 0 Wales Scarlets
Mike Phillips Scrum-half (1982-08-29)29 August 1982 (aged 31) 85 France Racing Métro
Rhodri Williams Scrum-half (1993-05-05)5 May 1993 (aged 21) 3 Wales Scarlets
Dan Biggar Fly-half (1989-10-16)16 October 1989 (aged 24) 23 Wales Ospreys
James Hook Fly-half (1985-06-27)27 June 1985 (aged 28) 75 France Perpignan
Cory Allen Centre (1993-02-11)11 February 1993 (aged 21) 1 Wales Cardiff Blues
Jonathan Davies Centre (1988-04-05)5 April 1988 (aged 26) 39 Wales Scarlets
Jamie Roberts Centre (1986-11-08)8 November 1986 (aged 27) 58 France Racing Métro
Steven Shingler Centre (1991-06-20)20 June 1991 (aged 22) 0 Wales Scarlets
Alex Cuthbert Wing (1990-04-05)5 April 1990 (aged 24) 24 Wales Cardiff Blues
George North Wing (1992-04-13)13 April 1992 (aged 22) 40 England Northampton Saints
Jordan Williams Wing (1993-09-20)20 September 1993 (aged 20) 0 Wales Scarlets
Matthew Morgan Fullback (1991-04-23)23 April 1991 (aged 23) 0 Wales Ospreys
Liam Williams Fullback (1991-04-09)9 April 1991 (aged 23) 12 Wales Scarlets

South Africa

On 31 May, head coach Heyneke Meyer named a 36-man squad for the 2-test series against Wales, and the single test match against Scotland, plus the uncapped match against a World XV side.[13]

On 2 June, Damian de Allende was withdrawn from the squad due to injury. He was replaced by Marnitz Boshoff.[14]

On 8 June, Trevor Nyakane was added to the squad to provide further cover at prop.[15]

Note: Caps and ages are as of the date of the first test match, 14 June 2014.

Player Position Date of birth (age) Caps Club/province
Schalk Brits Hooker (1981-05-16)16 May 1981 (aged 33) 5 England Saracens
Bismarck du Plessis Hooker (1984-05-22)22 May 1984 (aged 30) 57 South Africa Sharks
Callie Visagie Hooker (1988-07-09)9 July 1988 (aged 25) 0 South Africa Bulls
Jannie du Plessis Prop (1982-11-16)16 November 1982 (aged 31) 51 South Africa Sharks
Tendai Mtawarira Prop (1985-08-01)1 August 1985 (aged 28) 53 South Africa Sharks
Trevor Nyakane Prop (1989-05-04)4 May 1989 (aged 25) 3 South Africa Cheetahs
Coenie Oosthuizen Prop (1989-03-22)22 March 1989 (aged 25) 14 South Africa Cheetahs
Gurthrö Steenkamp Prop (1981-06-12)12 June 1981 (aged 33) 49 France Toulouse
Marcel van der Merwe Prop (1990-10-24)24 October 1990 (aged 23) 0 South Africa Bulls
Bakkies Botha Lock (1979-09-22)22 September 1979 (aged 34) 78 France Toulon
Lood de Jager Lock (1992-12-17)17 December 1992 (aged 21) 0 South Africa Cheetahs
Victor Matfield (c) Lock (1977-05-11)11 May 1977 (aged 37) 110 South Africa Bulls
Flip van der Merwe Lock (1985-06-06)6 June 1985 (aged 29) 34 South Africa Bulls
Willem Alberts Flanker (1984-05-11)11 May 1984 (aged 30) 30 South Africa Sharks
Schalk Burger Flanker (1983-04-13)13 April 1983 (aged 31) 68 South Africa Stormers
Marcell Coetzee Flanker (1991-05-08)8 May 1991 (aged 23) 15 South Africa Sharks
Siya Kolisi Flanker (1991-06-16)16 June 1991 (aged 22) 10 South Africa Stormers
Francois Louw Flanker (1985-06-15)15 June 1985 (aged 28) 28 England Bath
Oupa Mohojé Flanker (1990-08-03)3 August 1990 (aged 23) 0 South Africa Cheetahs
Duane Vermeulen Number 8 (1986-07-03)3 July 1986 (aged 27) 16 South Africa Stormers
Fourie du Preez Scrum-half (1982-03-24)24 March 1982 (aged 32) 67 Japan Suntory Sungoliath
Francois Hougaard Scrum-half (1988-04-06)6 April 1988 (aged 26) 27 South Africa Bulls
Ruan Pienaar Scrum-half (1984-03-10)10 March 1984 (aged 30) 74 Republic of Ireland Ulster
Marnitz Boshoff Fly-half (1989-01-11)11 January 1989 (aged 25) 0 South Africa Lions
Johan Goosen Fly-half (1992-07-27)27 July 1992 (aged 21) 4 South Africa Cheetahs
François Steyn Fly-half (1987-05-14)14 May 1987 (aged 27) 53 South Africa Sharks
Morné Steyn Fly-half (1984-07-11)11 July 1984 (aged 29) 54 France Stade Français
Damian de Allende Centre (1991-11-25)25 November 1991 (aged 22) 0 South Africa Stormers
Juan de Jongh Centre (1988-04-15)15 April 1988 (aged 26) 14 South Africa Stormers
JJ Engelbrecht Centre (1989-02-22)22 February 1989 (aged 25) 12 South Africa Bulls
Jan Serfontein Centre (1993-04-15)15 April 1993 (aged 21) 9 South Africa Bulls
Bryan Habana Wing (1983-06-12)12 June 1983 (aged 31) 95 France Toulon
Cornal Hendricks Wing (1988-04-18)18 April 1988 (aged 26) 0 South Africa Cheetahs
Lwazi Mvovo Wing (1986-06-03)3 June 1986 (aged 28) 7 South Africa Sharks
JP Pietersen Wing (1986-07-12)12 July 1986 (aged 27) 51 South Africa Sharks
S'bura Sithole Wing (1990-06-14)14 June 1990 (aged 24) 0 South Africa Sharks
Zane Kirchner Fullback (1984-06-16)16 June 1984 (aged 29) 28 Republic of Ireland Leinster
Willie le Roux Fullback (1989-08-18)18 August 1989 (aged 24) 12 South Africa Cheetahs

The following players were considered for selection, but not chosen due to injury or suspension.

Player Position Date of birth (age) Caps Club/province
Adriaan Strauss Hooker (1985-11-18)18 November 1985 (aged 28) 33 South Africa Cheetahs
Eben Etzebeth Lock (1991-10-29)29 October 1991 (aged 22) 23 South Africa Stormers
Juan Smith Flanker (1981-07-30)30 July 1981 (aged 32) 69 France Toulon
Patrick Lambie Fly-half (1990-10-17)17 October 1990 (aged 23) 32 South Africa Sharks
Jaque Fourie Centre (1983-03-04)4 March 1983 (aged 31) 72 Japan Kobelco Steelers
Jean de Villiers Centre (1981-02-24)24 February 1981 (aged 33) 96 South Africa Stormers

Note: ‡ denotes players who are centrally contracted to the South African Rugby Union.

South African warm-up match

On 7 June, South Africa played an uncapped warm-up match against a World XV in Cape Town, in the lead up to the Welsh series.

7 June 2014
17:00 SAST (UTC+02)
South Africa 47–13World XV
Try: Habana 16' m
Botha 32' c
B. Du Plessis (2) 48' m, 58' c
Goosen 77' c
Le Roux 79' c
Con: M. Steyn (2/4) 33', 59'
Goosen (2/2) 78', 79'
Pen: M. Steyn (3/3) 16', 30', 44'
Report[16]Try: Hargreaves 5' c
Con: O'Connor (1/1) 5'
Pen: O'Connor (2/2) 23', 40'
Newlands, Cape Town[6]
Attendance: 31,500
Referee: George Clancy (Ireland)

References

  1. WalesOnline (7 December 2012). "Wales set to tour South Africa in 2014". walesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  2. "Wales to face Eastern Province Kings". www.wru.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  3. Staff, ESPN. "Wales tour gets off to a winning start". espn.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  4. "Wales to face Eastern Province Kings" (Press release). Wales RFU. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  5. Staff, ESPN. "South Africa far too strong for Wales". espn.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  6. 1 2 3 "Busy year ahead for Springboks". ESPN Scrum. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  7. Staff, ESPN. "Late penalty-try leaves gutsy Wales broken". espn.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  8. "WRU confirm Wales senior trial match ahead of South Africa tour". BBC Sport. 8 May 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  9. "Gavin Henson named in Wales Probables squad for trial". BBC Sport. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  10. "English clubs block Wales players from trial match". BBC Sport. 12 May 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  11. "Wales trial: Probables 55-7 Possibles". 30 May 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2017 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  12. "Gatland names 32-man squad for South Africa". www.wru.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  13. "Seven uncapped players in Springbok squad". South African Rugby Union. 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  14. "Springboks suffer De Allende injury setback". South African Rugby Union. 2 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  15. http://www.sarugby.net/component/supersportcontent/20681?view=news&leagueId=1674
  16. Staff, ESPN. "South Africa flattered in warm-up match". espn.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
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