ztvrdnout

Czech

Etymology

From z- +‎ tvrdnout.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈstvr̩dnou̯t]

Verb

ztvrdnout pf (imperfective tvrdnout)

(intransitive) to stiffen, to harden
Pečivo po několika dnech ztvrdne. ― The pastries will stiffen after some days.

Conjugation

Conjugation

Infinitive	ztvrdnout, ztvrdnouti	Active adjective	ztvrdnuvší
Verbal noun	ztvrdnutí	Passive adjective	ztvrdnutý

Present forms	indicative		imperative
	singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person	ztvrdnu	ztvrdneme	—	ztvrdněme
2nd person	ztvrdneš	ztvrdnete	ztvrdni	ztvrdněte
3rd person	ztvrdne	ztvrdnou	—	—

The verb ztvrdnout does not have present tense and the present forms are used to express future only.

Participles	Past participles		Passive participles
	singular	plural	singular	plural
masculine animate	ztvrdl, ztvrdnul	ztvrdli, ztvrdnuli	ztvrdnut	ztvrdnuti
masculine inanimate	ztvrdl, ztvrdnul	ztvrdly, ztvrdnuly	ztvrdnut	ztvrdnuty
feminine	ztvrdla, ztvrdnula	ztvrdly, ztvrdnuly	ztvrdnuta	ztvrdnuty
neuter	ztvrdlo, ztvrdnulo	ztvrdla, ztvrdnula	ztvrdnuto	ztvrdnuta

Transgressives	present	past
masculine singular	—	ztvrdnuv
feminine + neuter singular	—	ztvrdnuvši
plural	—	ztvrdnuvše

Further reading

ztvrdnouti in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
ztvrdnouti in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
ztvrdnout in Internetová jazyková příručka

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