ysgrifennu
Welsh
Alternative forms
- sgrifennu (colloquial)
- sgwennu (colloquial)
Etymology
From Middle Welsh ysgriuennu, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨskrivenn, from Latin scrībendum, gerund of scrībō.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales, standard) IPA(key): /əsɡrɪˈvɛnɨ/, [əskrɪˈvɛnɨ̞]
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /sɡrɪˈvɛnɨ/, [skrɪˈvɛnɨ̞], /ˈsɡwɛnɨ/, [ˈskwɛnɨ̞]
- (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /əsɡrɪˈvɛni/, [əskrɪˈvɛni]
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /sɡrɪˈvɛni/, [skrɪˈvɛni]
- Rhymes: -ɛnɨ̞
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ysgrifennaf | ysgrifenni | ysgrifenna | ysgrifennwn | ysgrifennwch | ysgrifennant | ysgrifennir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
ysgrifennwn | ysgrifennit | ysgrifennai | ysgrifennem | ysgrifennech | ysgrifennent | ysgrifennid | |
| preterite | ysgrifennais | ysgrifennaist | ysgrifennodd | ysgrifenasom | ysgrifenasoch | ysgrifenasant | ysgrifennwyd | |
| pluperfect | ysgrifenaswn | ysgrifenasit | ysgrifenasai | ysgrifenasem | ysgrifenasech | ysgrifenasent | ysgrifenasid, ysgrifenesid | |
| present subjunctive | ysgrifennwyf | ysgrifennych | ysgrifenno | ysgrifennom | ysgrifennoch | ysgrifennont | ysgrifenner | |
| imperative | — | ysgrifenna | ysgrifenned | ysgrifennwn | ysgrifennwch | ysgrifennent | ysgrifenner | |
| verbal noun | ysgrifennu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | ysgrifenedig ysgrifenadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | ysgrifenna i, ysgrifennaf i | ysgrifenni di | ysgrifennith o/e/hi, ysgrifenniff e/hi | ysgrifennwn ni | ysgrifennwch chi | ysgrifennan nhw |
| conditional | ysgrifennwn i, ysgrifenswn i | ysgrifennet ti, ysgrifenset ti | ysgrifennai fo/fe/hi, ysgrifensai fo/fe/hi | ysgrifennen ni, ysgrifensen ni | ysgrifennech chi, ysgrifensech chi | ysgrifennen nhw, ysgrifensen nhw |
| preterite | ysgrifennais i, ysgrifennes i | ysgrifennaist ti, ysgrifennest ti | ysgrifennodd o/e/hi | ysgrifennon ni | ysgrifennoch chi | ysgrifennon nhw |
| imperative | — | ysgrifenna | — | — | ysgrifennwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| ysgrifennu | unchanged | unchanged | hysgrifennu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ysgrifennaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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