ysgaru

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨskarad, from Proto-Celtic *skarati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.[1] Cognate with Old Irish scaraid (“to sever, separate”), Old English sċieran (Modern English shear), Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin carō (“flesh”), Lithuanian skìrti (“separate”).

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /əsˈɡarɨ̞/, [əsˈkarɨ̞]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /əsˈɡa(ː)ri/, [əsˈka(ː)ri]
  • Rhymes: -arɨ

Verb

ysgaru (first-person singular present ysgaraf)

  1. to separate, split
  2. to divorce

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future ysgaraf ysgeri ysgara ysgarwn ysgerwch, ysgarwch ysgarant ysgerir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 ysgarwn ysgarit ysgarai ysgarem ysgarech ysgarent ysgerid
preterite ysgerais ysgeraist ysgarodd ysgarasom ysgarasoch ysgarasant ysgarwyd
pluperfect ysgaraswn ysgarasit ysgarasai ysgarasem ysgarasech ysgarasent ysgarasid, ysgaresid
present subjunctive ysgarwyf ysgerych ysgaro ysgarom ysgaroch ysgaront ysgarer
imperative — ysgara ysgared ysgarwn ysgerwch, ysgarwch ysgarent ysgarer
verbal noun ysgaru
verbal adjectives ysgaredig
ysgaradwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future ysgara i, ysgaraf i ysgari di ysgarith o/e/hi, ysgariff e/hi ysgarwn ni ysgarwch chi ysgaran nhw
conditional ysgarwn i, ysgarswn i ysgaret ti, ysgarset ti ysgarai fo/fe/hi, ysgarsai fo/fe/hi ysgaren ni, ysgarsen ni ysgarech chi, ysgarsech chi ysgaren nhw, ysgarsen nhw
preterite ysgarais i, ysgares i ysgaraist ti, ysgarest ti ysgarodd o/e/hi ysgaron ni ysgaroch chi ysgaron nhw
imperative — ysgara — — ysgarwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ysgaru unchanged unchanged hysgaru
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ysgaru”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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