ysgafnhau

Welsh

Alternative forms
  • ysgafnu

Etymology

From ysgafn +‎ -hau.

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌəsɡavnˈhaɨ̯/, [ˌəskavnˈhaɨ̯]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌəsɡavnˈhai̯/, [ˌəskavnˈhai̯]
  • Rhymes: -aɨ̯

Verb

ysgafnhau (first-person singular present ysgafnhaf)

  1. (transitive or intransitive) to lighten (make or become less heavy)
    Antonym: trymhau
  2. (transitive) to ease, to alleviate

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future ysgafnhaf ysgafnhi ysgafnha ysgafnhwn ysgafnhwch ysgafnhant ysgafnhir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 ysgafnhwn ysgafnhit ysgafnhai ysgafnhem ysgafnhech ysgafnhent ysgafnhid
preterite ysgafnhais ysgafnhaist ysgafnhodd ysgafnhasom ysgafnhasoch ysgafnhasant ysgafnhwyd
pluperfect ysgafnhaswn ysgafnhasit ysgafnhasai ysgafnhasem ysgafnhasech ysgafnhasent ysgafnhasid, ysgafnhesid
present subjunctive ysgafnhwyf ysgafnhych ysgafnho ysgafnhom ysgafnhoch ysgafnhont ysgafnher
imperative — ysgafnha ysgafnhed ysgafnhwn ysgafnhwch ysgafnhent ysgafnher
verbal noun ysgafnhau
verbal adjectives ysgafnhedig
ysgafnhadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future ysgafnha i, ysgafnhaf i ysgafnhi di ysgafnhith o/e/hi, ysgafnhiff e/hi ysgafnhwn ni ysgafnhwch chi ysgafnhan nhw
conditional ysgafnhwn i, ysgafnhswn i ysgafnhet ti, ysgafnhset ti ysgafnhai fo/fe/hi, ysgafnhsai fo/fe/hi ysgafnhen ni, ysgafnhsen ni ysgafnhech chi, ysgafnhsech chi ysgafnhen nhw, ysgafnhsen nhw
preterite ysgafnhais i, ysgafnhes i ysgafnhaist ti, ysgafnhest ti ysgafnhodd o/e/hi ysgafnhon ni ysgafnhoch chi ysgafnhon nhw
imperative — ysgafnha — — ysgafnhwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ysgafnhau unchanged unchanged hysgafnhau
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ysgafnhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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