ymestyn

Welsh

Etymology

From ym- +‎ estyn (“to extend, to stretch”).

Pronunciation
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /əˈmɛsdɨ̞n/, [əˈmɛstɨ̞n]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /əˈmɛsdɪn/, [əˈmɛstɪn]
  • Rhymes: -ɛsdɨ̞n

Verb

ymestyn (first-person singular present ymestynnaf)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to extend, to stretch, to lengthen (also figurative)
    Mae’r dydd yn ymestyn cam ceiliog.
    The daylight is gradually getting longer. (literally, "…getting longer [the length of] a cockerel’s step", referring to daylight between the winter solstice and Christmas)
    Mae angen i mi ymestyn fy nghoesau.
    I need to stretch my legs.
  2. (archaeology) to advance, to expand

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future ymestynnaf ymestynni ymestyn, ymestynna ymestynnwn ymestynnwch ymestynnant ymestynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 ymestynnwn ymestynnit ymestynnai ymestynnem ymestynnech ymestynnent ymestynnid
preterite ymestynnais ymestynnaist ymestynnodd ymestynasom ymestynasoch ymestynasant ymestynnwyd
pluperfect ymestynaswn ymestynasit ymestynasai ymestynasem ymestynasech ymestynasent ymestynasid, ymestynesid
present subjunctive ymestynnwyf ymestynnych ymestynno ymestynnom ymestynnoch ymestynnont ymestynner
imperative — ymestyn, ymestynna ymestynned ymestynnwn ymestynnwch ymestynnent ymestynner
verbal noun ymestyn
verbal adjectives ymestynedig
ymestynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future ymestynna i, ymestynnaf i ymestynni di ymestynnith o/e/hi, ymestynniff e/hi ymestynnwn ni ymestynnwch chi ymestynnan nhw
conditional ymestynnwn i, ymestynswn i ymestynnet ti, ymestynset ti ymestynnai fo/fe/hi, ymestynsai fo/fe/hi ymestynnen ni, ymestynsen ni ymestynnech chi, ymestynsech chi ymestynnen nhw, ymestynsen nhw
preterite ymestynnais i, ymestynnes i ymestynnaist ti, ymestynnest ti ymestynnodd o/e/hi ymestynnon ni ymestynnoch chi ymestynnon nhw
imperative — ymestynna — — ymestynnwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • ffabrig ymestyn (“stretch fabric”)
  • olion ymestyn (“stretch marks”)
  • ymestyn gorchymyn (“to extend an order”)
  • ymestyniad (“stretch, extension”)
  • ymestynnol (“stretching, extensive, extended”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ymestyn unchanged unchanged hymestyn
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “estynnaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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