wcale

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish wcale. By surface analysis, univerbation of w +‎ cale.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈft͡salɛ/
  • Syllabification: wca‧le

Particle

wcale

  1. (in the negative) not at all
    Synonym: cale
  2. quite, rather, completely, wholly
    Synonym: cale

Further reading
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “wcale”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
  • “wcale”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Polish

Etymology

Univerbation of w +‎ cale.[1][2][3] First attested in the 17th century.[4] Compare English at all.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈft͡sa.lɛ/
  • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈft͡sa.lɛ/
  • Audio 1(file)
  • Audio 2(file)
  • Rhymes: -alɛ
  • Syllabification: wca‧le

Particle

wcale

  1. (in the negative) not at all
    Synonyms: nijak, w ogóle
    Wcale nie jestem głodny. ― I'm not hungry at all.
  2. (in the negative) not in the slightest
    Near-synonym: bynajmniej
  3. (colloquial) quite, rather, completely, wholly
    Synonyms: całkiem, dość

Derived terms
proverbs

Descendants
  • → Kashubian: wcale
  • → Silesian: wcale

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), wcale is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 19 times in essays, 31 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 125 times, making it the 480th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

References
  1. Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “wcale”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  2. Mańczak, Witold (2017) “wcale”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
  3. Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “cale”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  4. “WCALE”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20.09.2022
  5. Ida Kurcz (1990) “wcale”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 655

Further reading

Silesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish wcale.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈft͡salɛ/
  • Rhymes: -alɛ
  • Syllabification: wca‧le

Particle

wcale

  1. (in the negative) not at all
  2. quite, rather, completely, wholly

Further reading
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