twardy
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Cognate with Upper Sorbian twjerdy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtwardɨ/
Adjective
twardy (comparative twarźejšy, superlative nejtwarźejšy, adverb twardo or twarźe)
- hard (resistant to pressure)
Declension
Declension of twardy
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Neuter singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | twardy | twarda | twarde | twardej | twarde |
Genitive | twardego | twardeje | twardego | twardeju | twardych |
Dative | twardemu | twardej | twardemu | twardyma | twardym |
Accusative | twardy twardego (animate) |
twardu | twarde | twardej twardeju (animate) |
twarde twardych (optional animate form) |
Instrumental | twardym | twardeju | twardym | twardyma | twardymi |
Locative | twardem | twardej | twardem | twardyma | twardych |
Antonyms
Derived terms
- twarda plata (“hard drive”)
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “twardy”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “twardy”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish twardy, from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Doublet of kwarc and kwarzec.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtfar.dɨ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ardɨ
- Syllabification: twar‧dy
Adjective
twardy (comparative twardszy, superlative najtwardszy, derived adverb twardo)
- hard
- Antonym: miękki
- Diamenty są bardzo twarde. ― Diamonds are very hard.
- Moje łóżko jest bardzo twarde. ― My bed is very hard.
- Boli mnie ząb, więc nie mogę jeść twardego jedzenia. ― I have a toothache so I can't eat tough food.
- Ten stek jest twardy. ― This steak is tough.
- (of water) hard (high in dissolved calcium compounds)
- tough
- Nie bądź dla niej taki twardy. ― Don't be so tough with her.
- Nie uważasz, że jesteś dla niego zbyt twardy? ― Don't you think you are too hard on him?
- firm
- Wolę spać na twardym materacu. ― I prefer sleeping on a firm mattress.
- stiff, rigid
- Muszę kupić twardy pędzel. ― I have to buy a stiff brush.
Declension
Declension of twardy (hard)
singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | twardy | twarda | twarde | twardzi | twarde | |
genitive | twardego | twardej | twardego | twardych | ||
dative | twardemu | twardej | twardemu | twardym | ||
accusative | twardego | twardy | twardą | twarde | twardych | twarde |
instrumental | twardym | twardą | twardym | twardymi | ||
locative | twardym | twardej | twardym | twardych |
Related terms
adjective
nouns
verbs
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