trén
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtreːn]
- Rhymes: -eːn
Adverb
trén (comparative trébben, superlative legtrébben)
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Austrian German Train(de), from French train, from French traîner, from Late Latin *tragīnāre, from Latin trahere.[1]
Noun
trén (plural trének)
- (military, dated) train of transport, baggage train, wagon train
- Synonyms: vonatcsapat, vonatosztály, poggyászvonat, szállítóoszlop, hadtáp
- (military, dated) reserves, provision, supplies (equipment, transport, and/or other services for the army)
- Synonyms: hadtáp, utánpótlás
- (military, dated) a member of the army service corps
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | trén | trének |
| accusative | trént | tréneket |
| dative | trénnek | tréneknek |
| instrumental | trénnel | trénekkel |
| causal-final | trénért | trénekért |
| translative | trénné | trénekké |
| terminative | trénig | trénekig |
| essive-formal | trénként | trénekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | trénben | trénekben |
| superessive | trénen | tréneken |
| adessive | trénnél | tréneknél |
| illative | trénbe | trénekbe |
| sublative | trénre | trénekre |
| allative | trénhez | trénekhez |
| elative | trénből | trénekből |
| delative | trénről | trénekről |
| ablative | tréntől | trénektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
tréné | tréneké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
trénéi | trénekéi |
| Possessive forms of trén | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | trénem | trénjeim |
| 2nd person sing. | tréned | trénjeid |
| 3rd person sing. | trénje | trénjei |
| 1st person plural | trénünk | trénjeink |
| 2nd person plural | trénetek | trénjeitek |
| 3rd person plural | trénjük | trénjeik |
Derived terms
Compound words
- trénegyenruha
- trénlaktanya
- trénosztag
- trénszekér
- tréntiszt
Related terms
- traktál[1]
References
- Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Third, enlarged edition. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2008. →ISBN
Further reading
- trén in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *trexsnos (compare Primitive Irish ᚈᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚂᚒᚌᚑᚄ (ttrenalugos), ᚈᚏᚓᚅᚐᚌᚒᚄᚒ (trenagusu)), with comparative *trexsais (compare Middle Welsh trech (“stronger”); Breton trec'h (“victory”); Cornish trygh (“victorious”)); Gaulish Trexius, Trexa, Trenus), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg- (“to be stiff, rigid, strong”) (Old Norse þróttr (“strength”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʲrʲeːn/
Adjective
trén (equative tressithir, comparative tressa, superlative tressam)
- strong
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91b12
- Trén ⁊ mór in chairdine do·rigni⟨s⟩ friu hi tossuch ⁊ cot⟨a⟩·ascrais íarum.
- Strong and great (was) the covenant you sg had made with them at first and you annulled it afterwards.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91b12
Inflection
Usually:
| o/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | trén | trén | trén |
| Vocative | tríuin* trén** | ||
| Accusative | trén | tríuin | |
| Genitive | tríuin | tríuine | tríuin |
| Dative | tríun | tríuin | tríun |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
| Nominative | tríuin | tréna | |
| Vocative | trénu tréna† | ||
| Accusative | trénu tréna† | ||
| Genitive | trén | ||
| Dative | trénaib | ||
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative | ||
In the Würzburg glosses:
| o/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | trén | trén | trén |
| Vocative | tréuin* trén** | ||
| Accusative | trén | tréuin | |
| Genitive | tréuin | tréuine | tréuin |
| Dative | tríun | tréuin | tríun |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
| Nominative | tréuin | tréna | |
| Vocative | trénu tréna† | ||
| Accusative | trénu tréna† | ||
| Genitive | trén | ||
| Dative | trénaib | ||
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative | ||
As a noun meaning "strong man":
| Masculine o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | trén | trénL | tríuinL |
| Vocative | tríuin | trénL | tríunuH |
| Accusative | trénN | trénL | tríunuH |
| Genitive | tríuinL | trén | trénN |
| Dative | tríunL | trénaib | trénaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Derived terms
- treise f (“strength, vigour, power”)
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| trén | thrén | trén pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “trén”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, pages 224, 235
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