tpr

See also: Tpr and TPR

Egyptian

3-lit.

Conjugation of tpr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: tpr, geminated stem: tprr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
tpr	tprw, tpr	tprt	tpr	tpr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
tpr	ḥr tpr	m tpr	r tpr

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	tpr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	tpr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	tpr	tpr, tprw⁵, tpry⁵
imperfective	tpr, tpry, tprw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	tpr, tprj⁶, tpry⁶	tpr, tprw⁵
prospective	tpr, tprtj⁷	—	tprtj⁴, tprt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tpr

ṯpj

tpj

tp

dpj

[Middle Kingdom]

[since the 18th Dynasty]

[New Kingdom]

[Late Period]

in hieratic

From the Middle Kingdom, the r in this word is often supplemented or replaced by j, reflecting a phonetic change.

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 296.3–296.4
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 298

From Russian тпру (tpru), ultimately onomatopoeic.

tpr

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