torfian
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *turbōną, *turbijaną (“to turn, twist”), from Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“to tie together, weave”). Related to Old English tearflian (“to turn, roll, wallow”), Alemannic German zirbeln (“to swirl, whirl, roll”), Icelandic tyrfa (“to cover with turf”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtor.fi.ɑn/, [ˈtorˠ.vi.ɑn]
Conjugation
Conjugation of torfian (weak class 2)
| infinitive | torfian | torfienne |
|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
| first person singular | torfiġe | torfode |
| second person singular | torfast | torfodest |
| third person singular | torfaþ | torfode |
| plural | torfiaþ | torfodon |
| subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
| singular | torfiġe | torfode |
| plural | torfiġen | torfoden |
| imperative | ||
| singular | torfa | |
| plural | torfiaþ | |
| participle | present | past |
| torfiende | (ġe)torfod | |
Derived terms
- atorfian (“to throw forth”)
- oftorfian (“to stone to death”)
- tōtorfian (“to fling in different directions”)
- ġetorfian (“to stone”)
Related terms
Descendants
- Middle English: torvien, torven
- English: topsy-turvy, torve (totorve)
References
- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “torfian”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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