succumbo

Latin

Etymology

From sub- +‎ *cumbō (“lie down”).

Pronunciation

Verb

succumbō (present infinitive succumbere, perfect active succubuī, supine succubitum); third conjugation

  1. to sink, fall, lie or break down
  2. to collapse, to succumb
  3. to concede defeat
  4. to surrender, to yield, to succumb
    • 46 BCE, Cicero, Pro rege Deiotaro 36:
      Magnō animō et ērēctō est, nec umquam succumbet inimīcīs, nē fortūnae quidem.
      He preserves a great and lofty spirit, and will never succumb to his enemies, nor even to fortune.
  5. to submit

Conjugation
   Conjugation of succumbō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present succumbō succumbis succumbit succumbimus succumbitis succumbunt
imperfect succumbēbam succumbēbās succumbēbat succumbēbāmus succumbēbātis succumbēbant
future succumbam succumbēs succumbet succumbēmus succumbētis succumbent
perfect succubuī succubuistī succubuit succubuimus succubuistis succubuērunt,
succubuēre
pluperfect succubueram succubuerās succubuerat succubuerāmus succubuerātis succubuerant
future perfect succubuerō succubueris succubuerit succubuerimus succubueritis succubuerint
passive present succumbor succumberis,
succumbere		 succumbitur succumbimur succumbiminī succumbuntur
imperfect succumbēbar succumbēbāris,
succumbēbāre		 succumbēbātur succumbēbāmur succumbēbāminī succumbēbantur
future succumbar succumbēris,
succumbēre		 succumbētur succumbēmur succumbēminī succumbentur
perfect succubitus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect succubitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect succubitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present succumbam succumbās succumbat succumbāmus succumbātis succumbant
imperfect succumberem succumberēs succumberet succumberēmus succumberētis succumberent
perfect succubuerim succubuerīs succubuerit succubuerīmus succubuerītis succubuerint
pluperfect succubuissem succubuissēs succubuisset succubuissēmus succubuissētis succubuissent
passive present succumbar succumbāris,
succumbāre		 succumbātur succumbāmur succumbāminī succumbantur
imperfect succumberer succumberēris,
succumberēre		 succumberētur succumberēmur succumberēminī succumberentur
perfect succubitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect succubitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — succumbe — — succumbite —
future — succumbitō succumbitō — succumbitōte succumbuntō
passive present — succumbere — — succumbiminī —
future — succumbitor succumbitor — — succumbuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives succumbere succubuisse succubitūrum esse succumbī succubitum esse succubitum īrī
participles succumbēns — succubitūrus — succubitus succumbendus,
succumbundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
succumbendī succumbendō succumbendum succumbendō succubitum succubitū

Descendants
  • Old French: succomber
    • French: succomber
    • → English: succumb
  • Portuguese: sucumbir
  • Spanish: sucumbir
  • Italian: soccombere
  • Piedmontese: socombe

References
  • “succumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “succumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • succumbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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