straffen

Danish

Noun

straffen

  1. definite singular of straf

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstrɑfə(n)/
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: straf‧fen
  • Rhymes: -ɑfən

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch straffen, probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (to squeeze, press, graze).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.

Verb

straffen

  1. (transitive) to punish
  2. (transitive) to sentence
Inflection
Conjugation of straffen (weak)
infinitive straffen
past singular strafte
past participle gestraft
infinitive straffen
gerund straffen n
present tense past tense
1st person singular strafstrafte
2nd person sing. (jij) straftstrafte
2nd person sing. (u) straftstrafte
2nd person sing. (gij) straftstrafte
3rd person singular straftstrafte
plural straffenstraften
subjunctive sing.1 straffestrafte
subjunctive plur.1 straffenstraften
imperative sing. straf
imperative plur.1 straft
participles straffendgestraft
1) Archaic.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: straf
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: strafu
  • Negerhollands: straaf
  • Aukan: sitaafu
  • Papiamentu: straf

References

  1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

straffen

  1. plural of straf

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʃtʁafn̩/
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -afn̩
  • Hyphenation: straf‧fen

Etymology 1

From straff (tight, taut).

Verb

straffen (weak, third-person singular present strafft, past tense straffte, past participle gestrafft, auxiliary haben)

  1. (transitive) to tighten, tauten
Conjugation
Derived terms

Adjective

straffen

  1. inflection of straff:
    1. strong genitive masculine/neuter singular
    2. weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular
    3. strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular
    4. strong dative plural
    5. weak/mixed all-case plural

Further reading

  • straffen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • straffen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • straffen” in Duden online
  • straffen” in OpenThesaurus.de

Middle Dutch

Etymology

Probably from Middle High German strāfen, which may go back to Proto-West Germanic *strēpōn, of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to *streupan (to squeeze, press, graze).[1] The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.

Verb

straffen

  1. to scold, to reprimand
  2. to refute
  3. to punish

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

Descendants

References

  1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “straf1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

straffen m

  1. definite singular of straff

Swedish

Noun

straffen

  1. definite singular of straff (penalty kick, penalty shot)
  2. definite plural of straff (punishment, sentence)
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