stoßen

• stossen (Switzerland, Liechtenstein)

From Middle High German stōzen, from Old High German stōzan, from Proto-West Germanic *stautan, from Proto-Germanic *stautaną, from Proto-Indo-European *stówd-e-ti, an o-grade intensive formation from *(s)tewd- (“to hit, push”).

Akin to Old Norse stauta and steyta (whence Danish støde), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan). Non-Germanic cognates include Latin tundo. Compare Sanskrit तुदति (tudáti, “to strike, goad”), तोद (todá, “driver, impeller”). Related to Dutch stoten (“to push, bump”) and dialectal English stot (“to bounce, rebound, ricochet, or make bounce, rebound or ricochet”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈʃtoːsən/

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stoßen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present stößt, past tense stieß, past participle gestoßen, auxiliary haben or sein)

1. (transitive) to push; to shove; to thrust [auxiliary haben]
2. (transitive or reflexive) to bump; to knock; to strike; to hurt [auxiliary haben]
3. (reflexive, figuratively) to take exception (to something) [+ an (object)] [auxiliary haben]
4. (intransitive) to jolt; to kick; to thrust [auxiliary haben]
5. (intransitive) to bump (into something); to knock (against something) [+ an (object)] or [+ gegen (object)] [auxiliary sein]
6. (intransitive) to come (across something); to happen (upon something); to stumble (upon something) [+ auf (object)] [auxiliary sein]

   auf Probleme stoßen ― to run into problems

7. (transitive, vulgar) to fuck
   • 1969, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Katzelmacher:

     PAUL Eine gute Magd ist sie, das muss man ihr lassen. Hast sie schon gestoßen?

     PAUL She is a good maid, I'll give her that. Have you fucked her yet?

• “stoßen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “stoßen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “stoßen” in Duden online
• “stoßen” in OpenThesaurus.de
• Friedrich Kluge (1883) “stoßen”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891