sruth

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish sruth (“stream, river, current”), from Proto-Celtic *srutom, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“flow, stream”). Cognate with Welsh ffrwd, Breton froud and maybe the Gaulish hydronym Phroudis.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

sruth m (genitive singular srutha or srotha, nominative plural sruthanna or srothanna or srotha)

  1. stream
    Synonym: sruthlán
  2. current, flow
    Synonyms: sreabhadh, sreabh
  3. (electricity) current, mains

Declension
Declension of sruth

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative sruth sruthanna
Vocative a shruth a shruthanna
Genitive srutha sruthanna
Dative sruth sruthanna

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an sruth na sruthanna
Genitive an tsrutha na sruthanna
Dative leis an sruth

don sruth

 leis na sruthanna

Alternative declensions:

Declension of sruth

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative sruth srothanna
Vocative a shruth a shrothanna
Genitive srotha srothanna
Dative sruth srothanna

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an sruth na srothanna
Genitive an tsrotha na srothanna
Dative leis an sruth

don sruth

 leis na srothanna
Declension of sruth

Third declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative sruth srotha
Vocative a shruth a shrotha
Genitive srotha srothann
Dative sruth srotha

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an sruth na srotha
Genitive an tsrotha na srothann
Dative leis an sruth

don sruth

 leis na srotha

Derived terms

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
sruth shruth
after an, tsruth		 not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “Sruto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 81
  3. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 77

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sruth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “sruth” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “sruth” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *srutom, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“flow, stream”). Cognate with Welsh ffrwd and maybe the Gaulish hydronym Phroudis.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /sruθ/

Noun

sruth n or m (genitive srotho, nominative plural srotha)

  1. stream, river, current
  2. strait, stream, current (of sea)
  3. foray, sortie, attack

Inflection
Masculine u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative sruth sruthL srothae
Vocative sruth sruthL srothu
Accusative sruthN sruthL srothu
Genitive srothoH, srothaH srotho, srotha srothaeN
Dative sruthL srothaib srothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Irish: sruth
  • Manx: stroo
  • Scottish Gaelic: sruth

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish sruth (“stream, river, current”), from Proto-Celtic *srutom, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“flow, stream”). Cognate with Welsh ffrwd and maybe the Gaulish hydronym Phroudis.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /s̪t̪ɾuh/

Noun

sruth m (genitive singular sruith or srutha, plural sruthan)

  1. stream, burn
  2. flow, rush (of water)
  3. current

Declension
Declension of sruth (type I masculine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative sruth sruthan
Genitive sruith shruthan
Dative sruth sruthan; sruthaibh*
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (an) sruth (na) sruthan
Genitive (an) t-sruith (nan) sruthan
Dative (an) t-sruth (na) sruthan; sruthaibh*
Vocative (a) shruith (a) shruthan

*obsolete form, was used until the 19th century

Declension of sruth (type IVb masculine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative sruth sruthan
Genitive srutha shruthan
Dative srutha sruthan
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (an) sruth (na) sruthan
Genitive (an) t-srutha (nan) sruthan
Dative (an) t-srutha (na) sruthan
Vocative (a) shruth (a) shruthan

Synonyms
  • (stream, burn): allt

Derived terms

Verb

sruth (past sruth, future sruthaidh, verbal noun sruthadh, past participle sruthte)

  1. flow, stream

Conjugation
Conjugation of sruth (regular)
singular plural impersonal
first second third m/f first second third
independent past shruth mi shruth thu shruth e/i shruth sinn shruth sibh shruth iad shruthadh
future sruthaidh mi sruthaidh tu sruthaidh e/i sruthaidh sinn sruthaidh sibh sruthaidh iad sruthar
sruthtar
conditional shruthainn shruthadh tu shruthadh e/i shruthamaid
shruthadh sinn		 shruthadh sibh shruthadh iad shruthtadh
shruthaist(e)1
negative past cha do shruth mi cha do shruth thu cha do shruth e/i cha do shruth sinn cha do shruth sibh cha do shruth iad cha do shruthadh
future cha shruth mi cha shruth thu cha shruth e/i cha shruth sinn cha shruth sibh cha shruth iad cha shruthar
cha shruthtar
conditional cha shruthainn cha shruthadh tu cha shruthadh e/i cha shruthamaid
cha shruthadh sinn		 cha shruthadh sibh cha shruthadh iad cha shruthtadh
cha shruthaist(e)1
affirmative
interrogative		 past an do shruth mi? an do shruth thu? an do shruth e/i? an do shruth sinn? an do shruth sibh? an do shruth iad? an do shruthadh?
future an sruth mi? an sruth thu? an sruth e/i? an sruth sinn? an sruth sibh? an sruth iad? an sruthar?
an sruthtar?
conditional an sruthainn? an sruthadh tu? an sruthadh e/i? an sruthamaid?
an sruthadh sinn?		 an sruthadh sibh? an sruthadh iad? an sruthtadh?
an sruthaist(e)1?
negative
interrogative		 past nach do shruth mi? nach do shruth thu? nach do shruth e/i? nach do shruth sinn? nach do shruth sibh? nach do shruth iad? nach do shruthadh?
future nach sruth mi? nach sruth thu? nach sruth e/i? nach sruth sinn? nach sruth sibh? nach sruth iad? nach sruthar?
nach sruthtar?
conditional nach sruthainn? nach sruthadh tu? nach sruthadh e/i? nach sruthamaid?
nach sruthadh sinn?		 nach sruthadh sibh? nach sruthadh iad? nach sruthtadh?
nach sruthaist(e)1?
relative
future		 affirmative (ma) shruthas mi (ma) shruthas thu (ma) shruthas e/i (ma) shruthas sinn (ma) shruthas sibh (ma) shruthas iad (ma) shruthar
negative (mur) sruth mi (mur) sruth thu (mur) sruth e/i (mur) sruth sinn (mur) sruth sibh (mur) sruth iad (mur) sruthar
(mur) sruthtar
imperative srutham sruth sruthadh e/i sruthamaid sruthaibh sruthadh iad sruthar
sruthtar
stem sruth
verbal noun sruthadh
past participle sruthte
1 Lewis dialect form

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
sruthshruth
after "an", t-sruth
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.