skꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Noun
skAAU13E1

 m

  1. ox for plowing

Inflection
Declension of skꜣ (masculine)
singular skꜣ
dual skꜣwj
plural skꜣw

Verb
skAAU13

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to plow
    • Early 6th Dynasty, Tomb of Nyankhnesut, Relief of Agricultural Scenes (Cleveland 1930.736), upper register, caption above plowman:[1]
      skAhbwAHhbhb
      skꜣ wꜣḥ hb
      Plowing. “Press the plow!”

Inflection
Conjugation of skꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: skꜣ, geminated stem: skꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
skꜣ
 skꜣw, skꜣ
 skꜣt
 skꜣ
 skꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
skꜣ
 ḥr skꜣ
 m skꜣ
 r skꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect skꜣ.n
 skꜣw, skꜣ
 consecutive skꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative skꜣt
perfective3 skꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 skꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective skꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 skꜣ
 skꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 skꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive skꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect skꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective skꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 skꜣ
 skꜣ, skꜣw5, skꜣy5
imperfective skꜣ, skꜣy, skꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 skꜣ, skꜣj6, skꜣy6
 skꜣ, skꜣw5
prospective skꜣ, skꜣtj7
 — skꜣtj4, skꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲕⲉⲓ (skei)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲭⲁⲓ (skhai)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲕⲁⲓ (skai)

Proper noun
skA

 m

  1. A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Predynastic Egyptian king Hsekiu

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 346.
  • Baker, D. D. (2008) The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I — Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, p. 360
  1. Berman, Lawrence M., Bohač, Kenneth J. (1999) The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Egyptian Art, New York: Hudson Hills Press, pages 137–138
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