sjꜣt

Egyptian

FWOTD – 16 March 2019

s- (causative prefix) +‎ jꜣṯ (“to be injured”); despite the derivation from jꜣṯ, it appears the expected form *sjꜣṯ is unattested.

caus. 3-lit.

(transitive, of measures of barley or fields) to cut short, to downsize (deceitfully)
- c. 1478 BCE – 1397 BCE, Book of the Dead of Nu (pLondon British Museum EA10477) chapter 125, line 13:
  
  nj sjꜣt.j ꜣḥwt
  I have not downsized the fields.
(transitive, of people) to mutilate

Conjugation of sjꜣt (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sjꜣt

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
sjꜣt	sjꜣtw, sjꜣt	sjꜣtt	sjꜣt	sjꜣt

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
sjꜣt	ḥr sjꜣt	m sjꜣt	r sjꜣt

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sjꜣt.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	sjꜣt	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sjꜣt	sjꜣt, sjꜣtw⁵, sjꜣty⁵
imperfective	sjꜣt, sjꜣty, sjꜣtw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sjꜣt, sjꜣtj⁶, sjꜣty⁶	sjꜣt, sjꜣtw⁵
prospective	sjꜣt, sjꜣttj⁷	—	sjꜣtwtj^{1 4}, sjꜣttj⁴, sjꜣtt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sjꜣt

sjꜣt

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 257.
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 32.1–32.4

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