perdre
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Old Catalan perdre, from Latin perdere.
Pronunciation
Verb
perdre (first-person singular present perdo, first-person singular preterite perdí, past participle perdut)
Conjugation
| infinitive | perdre | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | perdent | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | perdut | perduda | |||||
| plural | perduts | perdudes | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | perdo | perds | perd | perdem | perdeu | perden | |
| imperfect | perdia | perdies | perdia | perdíem | perdíeu | perdien | |
| future | perdré | perdràs | perdrà | perdrem | perdreu | perdran | |
| preterite | perdí | perderes | perdé | perdérem | perdéreu | perderen | |
| conditional | perdria | perdries | perdria | perdríem | perdríeu | perdrien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | perdi | perdis | perdi | perdem | perdeu | perdin | |
| imperfect | perdés | perdessis | perdés | perdéssim | perdéssiu | perdessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| affirmative | — | perd | perdi | perdem | perdeu | perdin | |
| negative (no) | — | no perdis | no perdi | no perdem | no perdeu | no perdin | |
Further reading
- “perdre” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “perdre”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “perdre” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “perdre” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French perdre, from Old French perdre, from Latin perdere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɛʁdʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
perdre
- (transitive) to lose (be unable to find)
- (transitive, intransitive) to lose (not win)
- Antonym: gagner
- (reflexive) to get lost
- Ils se sont perdus dans la forêt dense.
- They got lost in the dense forest.
Conjugation
Conjugation of perdre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | perdre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | perdant /pɛʁ.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | perdu /pɛʁ.dy/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | perds /pɛʁ/ |
perds /pɛʁ/ |
perd /pɛʁ/ |
perdons /pɛʁ.dɔ̃/ |
perdez /pɛʁ.de/ |
perdent /pɛʁd/ |
| imperfect | perdais /pɛʁ.dɛ/ |
perdais /pɛʁ.dɛ/ |
perdait /pɛʁ.dɛ/ |
perdions /pɛʁ.djɔ̃/ |
perdiez /pɛʁ.dje/ |
perdaient /pɛʁ.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | perdis /pɛʁ.di/ |
perdis /pɛʁ.di/ |
perdit /pɛʁ.di/ |
perdîmes /pɛʁ.dim/ |
perdîtes /pɛʁ.dit/ |
perdirent /pɛʁ.diʁ/ | |
| future | perdrai /pɛʁ.dʁe/ |
perdras /pɛʁ.dʁa/ |
perdra /pɛʁ.dʁa/ |
perdrons /pɛʁ.dʁɔ̃/ |
perdrez /pɛʁ.dʁe/ |
perdront /pɛʁ.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | perdrais /pɛʁ.dʁɛ/ |
perdrais /pɛʁ.dʁɛ/ |
perdrait /pɛʁ.dʁɛ/ |
perdrions /pɛʁ.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
perdriez /pɛʁ.dʁi.je/ |
perdraient /pɛʁ.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | perde /pɛʁd/ |
perdes /pɛʁd/ |
perde /pɛʁd/ |
perdions /pɛʁ.djɔ̃/ |
perdiez /pɛʁ.dje/ |
perdent /pɛʁd/ |
| imperfect2 | perdisse /pɛʁ.dis/ |
perdisses /pɛʁ.dis/ |
perdît /pɛʁ.di/ |
perdissions /pɛʁ.di.sjɔ̃/ |
perdissiez /pɛʁ.di.sje/ |
perdissent /pɛʁ.dis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | perds /pɛʁ/ |
— | perdons /pɛʁ.dɔ̃/ |
perdez /pɛʁ.de/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- à perdre haleine
- heures perdues
- ne perdre rien pour attendre
- perdre connaissance
- perdre de vue
- perdre du temps
- perdre du terrain
- perdre espoir
- perdre la boule
- perdre la face
- perdre la main
- perdre la tête
- perdre la vie
- perdre le fil
- perdre le nord
- perdre les eaux
- perdre les pédales
- perdre l’esprit
- perdre patience
- perdre pied
- perdre ses moyens
- perdre son chemin
- perdre son latin
- perdre son sang-froid
- perdre son temps
- qui part à la chasse perd sa place
- qui va à la chasse perd sa place
- salle des pas perdus
- s’y perdre
Further reading
- “perdre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | perdre | avoir perdu | |||||
| gerund | en perdant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | perdant | ||||||
| past participle | perdu | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | pert | perz | pert | perdons | perdez | perdent |
| imperfect | perdoie, perdeie | perdoies, perdeies | perdoit, perdeit | perdiiens, perdiens | perdiiez, perdiez | perdoient, perdeient | |
| preterite | perdi | perdis | perdié | perdimes | perdistes | perdierent | |
| future | perdrai | perdras | perdra | perdrons | perdroiz, perdreiz, perdrez | perdront | |
| conditional | perdroie, perdreie | perdroies, perdreies | perdroit, perdreit | perdriiens, perdriens | perdriiez, perdriez | perdroient, perdreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | perde | perdes | perde | perdons | perdez | perdent |
| imperfect | perdisse | perdisses | perdist | perdissons, perdissiens | perdissoiz, perdissez, perdissiez | perdissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | pert | — | perdons | perdez | — | ||
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “be unable to find”): trover
- (antonym(s) of “not win”): gaaingnier
Old Occitan
Descendants
- Occitan: pèrdre, pèrder
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “perdere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 8: Patavia–Pix, page 221
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