schulen
See also: Schulen
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
schulen (weak, third-person singular present schult, past tense schulte, past participle geschult, auxiliary haben)
- to school
Conjugation
| infinitive | schulen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | schulend | ||||
| past participle | geschult | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich schule | wir schulen | i | ich schule | wir schulen |
| du schulst | ihr schult | du schulest | ihr schulet | ||
| er schult | sie schulen | er schule | sie schulen | ||
| preterite | ich schulte | wir schulten | ii | ich schulte1 | wir schulten1 |
| du schultest | ihr schultet | du schultest1 | ihr schultet1 | ||
| er schulte | sie schulten | er schulte1 | sie schulten1 | ||
| imperative | schul (du) schule (du) |
schult (ihr) | |||
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
- beschulen
- einschulen
- verschulen
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *skūlen, from Proto-Germanic *skūlijaną. See modern Dutch schuilen.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: schuilen
- Limburgish: sjoele
Further reading
- “sculen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “schulen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English sċulan, from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”).
Pronunciation
- (indicative plural) IPA(key): /ˈʃulə(n)/, /ˈʃu(l)n/, /ˈʃul/
Verb
schulen (defective, often modal and auxiliary)
- (transitive) to owe; to be indebted to
- (transitive) to be appropriate; to work
- Expresses permission: can, may
- Expresses possibility: might, may
- Expresses obligation or appropriateness: should, ought to
- Expresses counsel or advice: should, ought to
- Expresses command: must, shall
- Expresses certitude: must, will
- Expresses intent or prevision: going to, will
- Expresses futurity: shall, will
- Expresses contingency: will, would
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 15:19, page 51v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- If ȝe hadden be of þe woꝛld .· þe woꝛld ſchulde loue þat þing þat was his / but foꝛ ȝe ben not of þe woꝛld · but I chees ȝou fro þe woꝛld .· þerfoꝛ þe woꝛld hatiþ ȝou
- If you had been of the world, the world would love that which is its [own]; so the world hates you, because you aren't of the world. Instead I picked you from the world.
Usage notes
The past of this verb is often used with present meaning, like modern English should.
Conjugation
Conjugation of schulen (preterite-present, defective)
| infinitive | — | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | schal, schul | scholde | |
| 2nd-person singular | schalt, schal | scholdest, scholde, schost | |
| 3rd-person singular | schal, schul | scholde | |
| subjunctive singular | schule, schale | ||
| imperative singular | — | — | |
| plural1 | schulen, schule, schalen, schale, schun | scholden, scholde | |
| imperative plural | — | — | |
| participles | — | — | |
1Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
References
- “shulen, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
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