sꜥnḫ

Egyptian

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ꜥnḫ (“to live”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈsaʕnaχ/ → /ˈsaʕnaχ/ → /ˈsaʕnəχ/ → /ˈsaʕnəχ/

Verb
sanxn
x

 caus. 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to make live, to vivify, to give life or keep alive
  2. (transitive) to feed, to nourish

Inflection
Conjugation of sꜥnḫ (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sꜥnḫ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sꜥnḫ
 sꜥnḫw, sꜥnḫ
 sꜥnḫt
 sꜥnḫ
 sꜥnḫ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sꜥnḫ
 ḥr sꜥnḫ
 m sꜥnḫ
 r sꜥnḫ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sꜥnḫ.n
 sꜥnḫw, sꜥnḫ
 consecutive sꜥnḫ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sꜥnḫt
perfective3 sꜥnḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 sꜥnḫ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sꜥnḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sꜥnḫw, sꜥnḫ, sꜥnḫy
 sꜥnḫw, sꜥnḫ, sꜥnḫy
 potentialis1 sꜥnḫ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sꜥnḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sꜥnḫ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sꜥnḫ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜥnḫ
 sꜥnḫ, sꜥnḫw5, sꜥnḫy5
imperfective sꜥnḫ, sꜥnḫy, sꜥnḫw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sꜥnḫ, sꜥnḫj6, sꜥnḫy6
 sꜥnḫ, sꜥnḫw5
prospective sꜥnḫ, sꜥnḫtj7
 — sꜥnḫwtj1 4, sꜥnḫtj4, sꜥnḫt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Descendants
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲛⳉ (sanx)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁⲛϣ (šanš)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲏⲛϣ (šēnš)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲁⲛⲉϣ (saneš)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲁⲛϣ (saanš)

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 158, 214.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 113
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