sḫꜣj

See also: shꜣj and sḥꜣj

Egyptian

FWOTD – 6 December 2019

s- (causative prefix) +‎ ḫꜣj (“to measure, to examine”).

caus. 3ae inf. or caus. 2-lit.

(transitive) to recall, to remember
(transitive) to bring to mind
(transitive) to mention
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 128–129:
  
  nn sḫꜣ.j n.k zꜣt ktt jnt.n.j m zšꜣ
  I won’t mention to you the little daughter I had gotten by prayer.

Conjugation of sḫꜣj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sḫꜣ, geminated stem: sḫꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
sḫꜣt, sḫꜣj	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ	sḫꜣt, sḫꜣwt, sḫꜣyt	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
sḫꜣ	ḥr sḫꜣt, ḥr sḫꜣj	m sḫꜣt, m sḫꜣj	r sḫꜣt, r sḫꜣj

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sḫꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	sḫꜣw¹, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ
imperfective	sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣy, sḫꜣꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣj⁶, sḫꜣꜣy⁶	sḫꜣꜣ, sḫꜣꜣw⁵
prospective	sḫꜣw¹, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣ, sḫꜣtj⁷	—	sḫꜣwtj^{1 4}, sḫꜣtj⁴, sḫꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Some authors instead interpret this verb as a causative biliteral:

Conjugation of sḫꜣ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: sḫꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
sḫꜣt, sḫꜣ	sḫꜣw, sḫꜣ	sḫꜣt	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
sḫꜣ	ḥr sḫꜣ	m sḫꜣ	r sḫꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	sḫꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	sḫꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sḫꜣ	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣw⁵, sḫꜣy⁵
imperfective	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣy, sḫꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣj⁶, sḫꜣy⁶	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣw⁵
prospective	sḫꜣ, sḫꜣtj⁷	—	sḫꜣwtj^{1 4}, sḫꜣtj⁴, sḫꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sḫꜣj

sḫꜣj

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 232.12–233.26
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 240
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 171, 331.
Allen, James Peter (1984) The Inflection of the Verb in the Pyramid Texts, Malibu, California: Undena Publications, →ISBN, page 591

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